A Melodic Contour Repeatedly Experienced by Human Near-Term Fetuses Elicits a Profound Cardiac Reaction One Month after Birth

Human hearing develops progressively during the last trimester of gestation. Near-term fetuses can discriminate acoustic features, such as frequencies and spectra, and process complex auditory streams. Fetal and neonatal studies show that they can remember frequently recurring sounds. However, existing data can only show retention intervals up to several days after birth.Here we show that auditory memories can last at least six weeks. Experimental fetuses were given precisely controlled exposure to a descending piano melody twice daily during the 35(th), 36(th), and 37(th) weeks of gestation. Six weeks later we assessed the cardiac responses of 25 exposed infants and 25 naive control infants, while in quiet sleep, to the descending melody and to an ascending control piano melody. The melodies had precisely inverse contours, but similar spectra, identical duration, tempo and rhythm, thus, almost identical amplitude envelopes. All infants displayed a significant heart rate change. In exposed infants, the descending melody evoked a cardiac deceleration that was twice larger than the decelerations elicited by the ascending melody and by both melodies in control infants.Thus, 3-weeks of prenatal exposure to a specific melodic contour affects infants 'auditory processing' or perception, i.e., impacts the autonomic nervous system at least six weeks later, when infants are 1-month old. Our results extend the retention interval over which a prenatally acquired memory of a specific sound stream can be observed from 3-4 days to six weeks. The long-term memory for the descending melody is interpreted in terms of enduring neurophysiological tuning and its significance for the developmental psychobiology of attention and perception, including early speech perception, is discussed

Courcelles-Les-Lens, Pas-de-Calais, éco-quartier de la Marlière, tranche 1 : rapport de diagnostic

Cette opération a mis en évidence une occupation allant de l'âge du Bronze à l'époque gallo-romaine. Cette découverte permet de compléter les données de ces dernières années sur un terroir qui est déjà connu pour être dense en vestiges archéologiques. Deux enclos circulaire distants d'une quarantaire de mètres ont été mis au jour. Cet ensemble, probablement datble de l'âge du Bronze est à mettre en parallèle avec celui de Lauwin-Planque à 2 km et demi au sud-est. Pour la période gallo-romaine, les vestiges caractériseraient vraisemblablement un site d'habitat groupé, probablement organisé au sein de son environnement parcellaire. La découverte de certaines structures artisanales de type four ou foyer va dans ce ssens. Le mobilier retrouvé permet de déterminer une mise en place entre la fin de La Tène finale et la période julio-claudienne. L'occupation semble ensuit

Courcelles-Les-Lens (62) éco-quartier de la Marlière, tranche 1. Rapport de diagnostic

Cette opération a mis en évidence une occupation allant de l'âge du Bronze à l'époque gallo-romaine. Cette découverte permet de compléter les données de ces dernières années sur un terroir qui est déjà connu pour être dense en vestiges archéologiques. Deux enclos circulaire distants d'une quarantaire de mètres ont été mis au jour. Cet ensemble, probablement datble de l'âge du Bronze est à mettre en parallèle avec celui de Lauwin-Planque à 2 km et demi au sud-est. Pour la période gallo-romaine, les vestiges caractériseraient vraisemblablement un site d'habitat groupé, probablement organisé au sein de son environnement parcellaire. La découverte de certaines structures artisanales de type four ou foyer va dans ce ssens. Le mobilier retrouvé permet de déterminer une mise en place entre la fin de La Tène finale et la période julio-claudienne. L'occupation semble ensuit

A UK Single-Center, Retrospective, Noninterventional Study of Clinical Outcomes and Costs of Two BotulinumtoxinA Treatments for Limb Spasticity

Service model changes at the North Staffordshire Rehabilitation Centre (UK) included switching spasticity treatment from onabotulinumtoxinA (onaBoNT-A) to abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A). This noninterventional, retrospective, longitudinal study (NCT04396704) describes the clinical and economic outcomes in toxin-naive adults with spasticity who received onaBoNT-A (Cohort 1; 2015–2017) or aboBoNT-A (Cohort 2; 2017–2019). Outcomes included Goal Attainment Scale T (GAS-T) score, treatment satisfaction, quality of life (QoL; EQ-5D visual analog scale [VAS] score), and treatment costs. Adverse events were recorded for Cohort 2. Cohort 1 included 60 patients (mean [standard deviation] dose, 206.0 [98.8] U); Cohort 2 included 54 patients (753.7 [457.3] U). Mean (95% confidence interval) GAS-T scores for Cohorts 1 and 2 were 43.1 (39.3–46.9) and 47.8 (43.7–51.9) at Week 6, and 43.2 and 44.3 at Week 12, respectively. In both cohorts most patients were satisfied with treatment. At Week 12, QoL had not changed in Cohort 1 but had improved in Cohort 2 (EQ-5D VAS, −5). Mean estimated per-patient costs (in 2021) for Cohorts 1 and 2 were £315.56 and £249.25, respectively, at Week 6, and £343.20 and £273.21, respectively, at Week 12. Fifteen non–treatment-related serious adverse events and two deaths were recorded. These data may warrant a larger prospective study powered to compare outcomes of aboBoNT-A and onaBoNT-A