Древнерусская надпись-граффито в аббатстве Сен-Жиль на юге Франции

The abbey of Saint-Gilles-du-Gard near Arles in the south of France was one of the most prominent pilgrimage sites in medieval Europe.Recent archaeological investigation has shown that construction of the abbey church, one of the most significant Romanesque pilgrimage churches in southern France, began ca. 1170/1180. The lower church (crypt) with the tomb of St. Giles (Lat. Aegidius, Fr. Gilles) and some of the walls of the upper church belong to that period.A well-preserved Cyrillic graffito was discovered on a pier of the upper church, close to the spot where the tomb of St. Giles is located in the crypt below. The text contains a prayer with a common formula: GI POMЪZI | RABU SVЪ|EMU SЬMKЪ|VI NINOSLA|VICHIU ‘Lord, help your servant Semko, son of Ninoslav.’ Palaeographic and linguistic analysis shows that the graffito is of Russian origin. It was probably made at some time between 1180 and 1250 by a pilgrim travelling from Russia to Santiago de Compostela, and it is the most geographically remote Old Russian graffito inscription discovered so far in western Europe.Одним из значительных паломнических центров средневековой Европы было аббатство Сен-Жиль-дю-Гар недалеко от Арля на Юге Франции. Согласно недавним археологическим исследованиям, возведение собора аббатства, одной из наиболее крупных позднероманских паломнических церквей на Юге Франции, началось около 1170/1180 года. К первой стадии строительства относятся нижний храм (крипта) с гробницей святого Эгидия (лат. Aegidius, фр. Gilles) и часть стен верхней церкви.Хорошо сохранившееся кириллическое граффито было обнаружено на колонне верхней церкви, расположенной рядом с тем местом, под котором в крипте находится гробница св. Эгидия. Текст состоит из молитвы, записанной при помощи типичной формулы: ГИ    ПОМЪЗИ | РАБУ СВЪ|ЕМУ СЬМКЪ|ВИ НИНОСЛА|ВИЧЮ ‘Господи, помоги рабу своему Семку Нинославичу’. По палеографическим и лингвистическим данным граффито является древнерусским и датируется временем не позже конца XIII века, предпочтительно — не позже середины XIII века.Вероятно, найденное граффито было оставлено паломником, следовавшим из Руси в Сантьяго-де-Компостела примерно между 1180 и 1250 годами. На сегодняшний день это самая западная из выявленных древнерусских надписей-граффити

Quels sont les facteurs influençant l'expérience de la naissance et la satisfaction des femmes dans les unités de soins gérées par les sages-femmes ?: travail de Bachelor

Cadre de référence : Les unités de naissances gérées par les sages-femmes proposent des suivis de grossesse et des accouchements non-médicalisés. Elles peuvent être intra ou extrahospitalières. La satisfaction et l’expérience de la naissance a un impact non négligeable sur le bien-être de la triade mère-père-enfant. Objectif : Le but de ce travail est de déterminer quels facteurs peuvent influencer positivement la satisfaction des femmes et leur expérience de la naissance dans une unité de naissance gérée par les sages-femmes, en comparaison à une unité de naissance classique. Méthode : La revue de littérature a été effectuée sur les moteurs de recherches suivant : MIDIRS, PubMed, CINAHL Headings et Google Scholar. Cinq articles ont été sélectionnés en fonction de leur pertinence. Ils ont ensuite été analysés, critiqués et discutés selon quatre thèmes définis. Résultats : Les résultats montrent qu’une attitude sage-femme promouvant des soins globaux et personnalisés augmenterait significativement la satisfaction des couples. La perception d’une atmosphère calme et chaleureuse serait également associée avec une satisfaction positive. La qualité des informations données aux femmes par les soignants apparaît nécessaire à une expérience de la naissance satisfaisante. Une communication et collaboration adéquate entre les équipes permet une amélioration du vécu de l’accouchement pour les femmes transférées. Conclusion : La satisfaction des femmes est globalement plus élevée en MU. L’attitude de la sage-femme permet des soins centrés sur la femme, lui apportant l’information nécessaire à la prise de décision. La continuité des soins renforcerait la prise en compte des besoins de la femme et la mobilisation de ses ressources internes. Le transfert apparaît comme un thème sensible qui ne doit pas être négligé dans la préparation des femmes à la naissance. Le développement des compétences en communication et en collaboration est à privilégier afin d’améliorer la satisfaction des couples au moment de l’accouchement

Assessment of diseases susceptibility of peach cultivars in experimental plots and on-farm for organic and low-input systems. Baseline of French case studies

Despite a high turn-over of new peach cultivars, their suitability for organic and low-input systems remains unknown for most of them. Diseases susceptibility is an important criteria to consider since diseases control is a bottleneck to peach production in theses systems. Since 2001, 81 peach cultivars were assessed in 2 experimental sites and 7 on-farm plots

Native mass spectrometric studies of IscSU reveal a concerted, sulfur-initiated mechanism of iron-sulfur cluster assembly

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are cofactors essential for life. Though the proteins that function in the assembly of Fe-S clusters are well known, details of the molecular mechanism are less well established. The Isc (Iron-sulfur cluster) biogenesis apparatus is widespread in bacteria and is the closest homologue to the human system. Mutations in certain components of the human system lead to disease, and so further studies of this system could be important for developing strategies for medical treatments. We have studied two core components of the Isc biogenesis system: IscS, a cysteine desulfurase; and IscU, a scaffold protein on which clusters are built before subsequent transfer onto recipient apo-proteins. Fe2+-binding, sulfur transfer, and formation of a [2Fe-2S] was followed by a range of techniques, including time-resolved mass spectrometry, and intermediate and product species were unambiguously identified through isotopic substitution experiments using 57Fe and 34S. Under cluster synthesis conditions, sulfur adducts and the [2Fe-2S] cluster product readily accumulated on IscU, but iron adducts (other than the cluster itself) were not observed at physiologically relevant Fe2+ concentrations. Our data indicate that either Fe2+ or sulfur transfer can occur first, but that the transfer of sulfane sulfur (S0) to IscU must occur first if Zn2+ is bound to IscU, suggesting that it is the key step that initiates cluster assembly. Following this, [2Fe-2S] cluster formation is a largely concerted reaction once Fe2+ is introduced

Immunovirological Response to Triple Nucleotide Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors and Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitors in Treatment-Naive HIV-2-Infected Patients: The ACHIEV2E Collaboration Study Group

This European inter-cohort collaboration shows poorer immunological and virological responses with triple NRTI compared to PI/r-containing cART in treatment-naïve HIV-2-infected patients, regardless of baseline CD4 cell count. PI/r-containing cART should be recommended as first-line antiretroviral regimens in HIV-2 infectio

nosX is essential for whole cell N2O reduction in Paracoccus denitrificans but not for assembly of copper centres of nitrous oxide reductase

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas that is produced naturally as an intermediate during the process of denitrification carried out by some soil bacteria. It is consumed by nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR), the terminal enzyme of the denitrification pathway, which catalyses a reduction reaction to generate dinitrogen. N2OR contains two important copper cofactors (CuA and CuZ centres) that are essential for activity, and in copper-limited environments, N2OR fails to function, contributing to rising levels of atmospheric N2O and a major environmental challenge. Here we report studies of nosX, one of eight genes in the nos cluster of the soil dwelling α-proteobaterium Paraccocus denitrificans. A P. denitrificans ΔnosX deletion mutant failed to reduce N2O under both copper-sufficient and copper-limited conditions, demonstrating that NosX plays an essential role in N2OR activity. N2OR isolated from nosX-deficient cells was found to be unaffected in terms of the assembly of its copper cofactors, and to be active in in vitro assays, indicating that NosX is not required for the maturation of the enzyme; in particular, it plays no part in the assembly of either of the CuA and CuZ centres. Furthermore, quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) studies showed that NosX does not significantly affect the expression of the N2OR-encoding nosZ gene. NosX is a homologue of the FAD-binding protein ApbE from Pseudomonas stutzeri, which functions in the flavinylation of another N2OR accessory protein, NosR. Thus, it is likely that NosX is a system-specific maturation factor of NosR, and so is indirectly involved in maintaining the reaction cycle of N2OR and cellular N2O reduction

Future development of apricot blossom blight under climate change in Southern France

International audienceClimate change will have several consequences for agro-systems, one of which will concern changes to the development of pathogens. Because of the losses it causes, particularly in organic farming, Monilinia laxa is an important pathogen affecting apricot crops. This study focuses on the consequences of climate change regarding blossom and twig blight (Monilinia laxa) of apricot. To achieve this, a Climatic Index of cumulated Blight risk (CIB) was built, to obtain the weighted sum of blossom blight incidence throughout the blooming period. An epidemiological model to calculate the incidence of blossom blight during every potentially infectious episode and based on biological parameters, was calibrated using a trap pot experiment where trees were placed in orchards and subject to various meteorological conditions. The CIB derived from this model was evaluated on field data, and was shown to be a robust and useful tool to predict the effects of climate change on the development of apricot blight. Then, using the CIB with a phenological model to predict blooming periods in the future, we estimated the risks of apricot blight until 2100 on four contrasted apricot cultivars and in three geographical zones under climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. This study revealed different effects of climate change depending on the cultivar and altitude. Apricot trees would bloom earlier (up to a difference of 50 days between 1950 and 2100) under climate change. Under the combined effects of these shifts of blooming period and changing climatic conditions, late cultivars such as Bergarouge might see a reduction in the risk of blossom blight (down to 31%) because of warmer but dryer blooming periods. Other varieties (e.g.: Bergeron) could experience an increase in this risk by up to 27% with a shift of the blooming period towards rainier conditions at the highest altitudes. The results of this study could be used to anticipate future changes as well as be used at present as a decision-support tool for farmers

Post-traumatic stress among COVID-19 survivors: A descriptive study of hospitalized first-wave survivors

Introduction: The coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 1 induces a severe respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 1 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome infection, increased post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates were described. Methods: This single-centred, prospective study aimed to evaluate the rates of PTSD in patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19. Inclusion criteria were COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) or in a standard unit with at least 2 L/min oxygen. Six months post-hospitalization, subjects were assessed for PTSD using a validated screening tool, the Post-Traumatic Stress Checklist-5 (PCL-5). Results: A total of 40 patients were included. No demographic differences between the ICU and non-ICU groups were found. The mean PCL-5 score for the population was 8.85±10. The mean PCL-5 score was 6.7±8 in the ICU group and 10.5±11 in the non-ICU group (P=0.27). We screened one patient with a positive PCL-5 score and one with a possible PCL-5 cluster score. Nine patients had a PCL-5 score of up to 15. Seven patients reported no symptoms.Seven patients accepted a psychological follow-up: one for PTSD, three for possible PTSD and three for other psychological problems. Discussion: The PCL-5 tool can be used by lung physicians during consultations to identify patients for whom follow-up mental health assessment and treatment for PTSD are warranted. Conclusion: Lung physicians should be aware of the risk of PTSD in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and ensure appropriate screening and follow-up care