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Abstract In a prospective study, the outcome of surgical correction of medial patellar luxation of 70 stifle joints in 55 Pomeranian dogs was evaluated. Trochlear block recession alone was performed in 46 stifle joints, or in combination with tibial tuberosity transposition in 24 stifle joints in cases with grade II, III or IV medial patellar luxation. Additional pro-cedures were performed to restore lateral and medial retinacular function. The recurrence of patellar luxation and the degree of lameness were evaluated up to at least 16 weeks after surgery. The overall recurrence rate was 10%. The outcome of surgery was considered good for grade II luxation with a 100% success rate. Recurrent medial patellar luxation was diagnosed in approximately 11% of dogs with grade III and in 36% of dogs with grade IV luxation. The postoperative lameness score decreased significantly in comparison with the preoperative score at four weeks and thereafter until the end of the study

Ultrasonographic kidney length-to-abdominal aortic diameter for the diagnosis of feline chronic kidney disease: A preliminary study

Background and Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important diseases in cats. This study aimed to compare the ultrasonographic kidney length-to-abdominal aortic diameter (K/AO) ratio between healthy and CKD cats and investigate the correlation between K/AO and blood results. Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy cats and 15 CKD cats were included in this clinically prospective study. All cats were evaluated for radiographic and ultrasonographic K, radiographic K-to-second lumbar length ratio (K/L2), and K/AO, indirect systolic blood pressure and plasma creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA). Results: The radiographic and ultrasonographic kidney lengths of CKD were significantly shorter than those of healthy cats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). The average K/L2 and K/AO were significantly lower in CKD than in healthy cats (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The K/AO had a strong negative correlation with plasma Cr (r = −0.7682, p < 0.0001), BUN (r = −0.6175, p < 0.001), and SDMA (r = −0.589, p < 0.001). However, K/L2 had a moderate negative correlation with plasma Cr (r = −0.5866, p < 0.001), BUN (r = −0.4884, p < 0.01), and SDMA (r = −0.5404, p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff value of K/AO (<10.71) had higher sensitivity and specificity than K/L2 for identifying feline CKD. Conclusion: Kidney length-to-abdominal aortic diameter could be a better and more promising parameter than the K/L2 ratio for evaluating kidney size in cats with CKD

Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal intervention studies

IntroductionCanine osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with chronic inflammation of internal and external joint structures in dogs. Cannabis spp. contains cannabidiol (CBD), a substance known for various potential indications, such as pain relief and anti-inflammatory in various types of animals, including dogs with OA. As CBD is increasingly in the spotlight for medical use, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CBD in treating canine OA.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CAB Direct for animal intervention studies investigating the effects of CBD for canine OA from database inception until February 28, 2023. Study characteristics and findings were summarized. A risk of bias in the included studies was assessed. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to estimate the effects of CBD on pain scores (0–10), expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.ResultsFive articles were included, which investigated the effects of CBD in 117 dogs with OA. All studies were rated as having a high risk of bias. CBD products varied substantially, i.e., oral full-spectrum CBD oil in four studies, and isolated CBD oil and liposomal CBD oil in another study. Treatment duration varied from 4–12 weeks. Meta-analyses of three studies found that, in dogs with OA, treatment with oral full-spectrum CBD oil may reduce pain severity scores (MD; −0.60, 95% CI; −1.51 to 0.31, I2 = 45.64%, p = 0.19) and pain interference scores (MD; −1.52, 95% CI; −3.84 to 0.80, I2 = 89.59%, p = 0.20) but the certainty of evidence was very low. CBD is generally considered safe and well-tolerated in the short-run, with few mild adverse events observed, such as vomiting and asymptomatic increase in alkaline phosphatase level.ConclusionCBD is considered safe for treating canine OA. CBD may reduce pain scores, but the evidence is very uncertain to conclude its clinical efficacy. High-quality clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the roles of CBD in canine OA

Early detection of septic arthritis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis in a dog – a case report

In this report, a seven-year-old English Pointer male with Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis arthritis joint infection is presented. The dog was referred to the Internal Medicine Department Policlinics with the symptoms of anorexia, weakness, swollen joints and ulcerative wounds on testes. On physical examination, the dog was depressed and manifesting discomfort during manipulation of the fore and hind legs’ joints. There were palpable effusions of the right carpal, elbow, and tibiotarsal joints. Haematological and serum biochemical analyses showed mild anaemia, moderate thrombocytopaenia, and elevated alanine aminotransferase. As soon as the synovial fluid aspirates were obtained aseptically from the right elbow, radiocarpal, and tibiotarsal joints, they were sent to bacteriological examination. Symptomatic and supportive treatment was initiated immediately. Empirical enrofloxacin therapy was initially started. Bacteria which were cultivated from the synovial fluid aspirates specimen were identified as S. equisimilis. The isolate was found to be resistant to enrofloxacin and susceptible to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid. According to the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, enrofloxacin therapy was terminated and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid therapy was immediately started lasting for four weeks. The dog was treated successfully. To our knowledge, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis was isolated from the synovial fluid from a dog for the first time in Turkey, as it is rarely seen in dogs

Infections of bones and joints in small animals.

Posttraumatic osteomyelitis is one of the most serious complications after fracture treatment. Even though first-generation cephalosporins are always recommended as the first choice of antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery, they cannot eradicate all bacteria, which can enter into the fractured bone during orthopaedic procedures. The purpose of this study was to identify bacteria cultured from surgical wounds during osteosynthesis in order to select properly suitable antibiotic prophylaxis in our clinical practice. Septic arthritis might be difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific clinical signs and radiological findings in early stage of the disease. An early diagnosis is important for achieving favorable prognosis. Diagnosis of septic arthritis was confirmed by physical and orthopaedic examinations, evaluation of radiographs and synovial fluid analysis including leukocyte and neutrophil counts, cytological examinations and bacterial culture.Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi