Stroke awareness decreases prehospital delay after acute ischemic stroke in korea

BACKGROUND: Delayed arrival at hospital is one of the major obstacles in enhancing the rate of thrombolysis therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Our study aimed to investigate factors associated with prehospital delay after acute ischemic stroke in Korea. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter study was conducted at 14 tertiary hospitals in Korea from March 2009 to July 2009. We interviewed 500 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who arrived within 48 hours. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors influencing prehospital delay. RESULTS: Among the 500 patients (median 67 years, 62% men), the median time interval from symptom onset to arrival was 474 minutes (interquartile range, 170-1313). Early arrival within 3 hours of symptom onset was significantly associated with the following factors: high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, previous stroke, atrial fibrillation, use of ambulance, knowledge about thrombolysis and awareness of the patient/bystander that the initial symptom was a stroke. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that awareness of the patient/bystander that the initial symptom was a stroke (OR 4.438, 95% CI 2.669-7.381), knowledge about thrombolysis (OR 2.002, 95% CI 1.104-3.633) and use of ambulance (OR 1.961, 95% CI 1.176-3.270) were significantly associated with early arrival. CONCLUSIONS: In Korea, stroke awareness not only on the part of patients, but also of bystanders, had a great impact on early arrival at hospital. To increase the rate of thrombolysis therapy and the incidence of favorable outcomes, extensive general public education including how to recognize stroke symptoms would be important.ope

A Study on the Development of Livestock Odor (Ammonia) Monitoring System Using ICT (Information and Communication Technology)

Recently, environmental problems due to livestock odor have emerged in Korea, and technologies to solve these problems are being developed. This study developed a livestock odor monitoring system using ICT technology and an ammonia sensor. This system consists of a sensor, communication equipment, server, database management system (DBMS), and user operating program. The requirements for each component were presented and applied to the system. The livestock odor monitoring system is divided into Livestock Odor Management System (LOMS) and Livestock Odor Control System (LOCS). LOMS comprises a sensor that can measure ammonia in livestock farms or treatment facilities and communication equipment that transmits and receives data. LOCS consists of a server that can receive data and a program to check real-time data. This system will be used for trend analysis using livestock odor data and to plan to reduce livestock odor in the future

A Study on the Development of Livestock Odor (Ammonia) Monitoring System Using ICT (Information and Communication Technology)

Recently, environmental problems due to livestock odor have emerged in Korea, and technologies to solve these problems are being developed. This study developed a livestock odor monitoring system using ICT technology and an ammonia sensor. This system consists of a sensor, communication equipment, server, database management system (DBMS), and user operating program. The requirements for each component were presented and applied to the system. The livestock odor monitoring system is divided into Livestock Odor Management System (LOMS) and Livestock Odor Control System (LOCS). LOMS comprises a sensor that can measure ammonia in livestock farms or treatment facilities and communication equipment that transmits and receives data. LOCS consists of a server that can receive data and a program to check real-time data. This system will be used for trend analysis using livestock odor data and to plan to reduce livestock odor in the future

Poor lung function has inverse relationship with microalbuminuria, an early surrogate marker of kidney damage and atherosclerosis: the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND: Despite epidemiological evidences of relationship between poor lung function and atherosclerosis, the relationship between poor lung function and microalbuminuria (MAU), an early surrogate marker of both kidney damage and atherosclerosis, is not well understood. Hence, we plan to investigate the relationship between poor lung function and MAU using multivariate models to adjust for other atherogenic risk factors. METHODS: We used data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Poor lung function is determined by spirometric measurement, primarily through estimation of the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Declines in the percent predicted FVC (<80%) and in the FEV1/FVC ratio (<0.7) are defined as restrictive and obstructive patterns, respectively. Urine albumin to urine creatinine levels ratio (UACR) were measured in spot urine samples. MAU was defined as UACR >30 mg/g. RESULTS: Inverse relationship was observed between lung function and UACR. In an age-adjusted regression model, the regression coefficient (B) of 10% lower FVC was 11.09 in men (P = 0.002), which remained significant after adjustment for SBP, FBG, triglyceride level, BMI, smoking history, and heavy alcohol consumption (B = 7.52, P = 0.043). When the restrictive pattern was compared to the normal pattern, the odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95%CI) for MAU were 1.90 (1.32-2.72) in men, after adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, triglyceride level, obesity, smoking history, physical activity, and heavy alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Our study, the first investigation in Asia, demonstrated that the restrictive pattern is related to MAU in men. Furthermore, there was linear relationship between lower FVC and UACR. Thus, our current study suggests that poor lung function, particularly the restrictive pattern, is related to kidney damage as well as atherosclerosis

Synthesis of conjugated copolymers containing phenothiazinylene vinylene moieties and their electrooptic properties

Four different types of conjugated copolymers, consisting of alternating structures of phenothiazinylene vinylene and phenylene vinylene derivatives such as phenylene vinylene, 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-ylene vinylene, 2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene, and 9,10-anthrylene vinylene, were prepared by Horner-Emmons condensation between appropriate diphosphonates and dialdehydes. Single-layer and double-layer light-emitting diodes were fabricated with the synthesized conjugated polymers, and their electroluminescent properties were investigated. Poly(N-2-ethylhexyl-3,6-phenothiazinylene vinylene-alt-9,10-anthrylene vinylene), containing phenothiazinylene vinylene and anthrylene vinylene as repeat units, emitted a reddish-orange color with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of x = 0.6173 and y = 0.3814 that was very similar to the National Television System Committee standard red, and it showed a bipolar carrier-injection/transporting capability caused by electron-withdrawing anthracene and electron-donating amino groups. Poly[N-2-ethylhexyl-3,6-phenothiazinylene vinylene-alt-2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene], containing phenothiazinylene vinylene and dialkoxy phenylene vinylene moieties, showed excellent hole-injection/transporting capability. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Incclose171

The Comprehensive “Omics” Approach from Metabolomics to Advanced Omics for Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Potential Strategies for Next Generation of Cancer Immunotherapy

In the past decade, immunotherapies have been emerging as an effective way to treat cancer. Among several categories of immunotherapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most well-known and widely used options for cancer treatment. Although several studies continue, this treatment option has yet to be developed into a precise application in the clinical setting. Recently, omics as a high-throughput technique for understanding the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome has revolutionized medical research and led to integrative interpretation to advance our understanding of biological systems. Advanced omics techniques, such as multi-omics, single-cell omics, and typical omics approaches, have been adopted to investigate various cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we highlight metabolomic studies regarding the development of ICIs involved in the discovery of targets or mechanisms of action and assessment of clinical outcomes, including drug response and resistance and propose biomarkers. Furthermore, we also discuss the genomics, proteomics, and advanced omics studies providing insights and comprehensive or novel approaches for ICI development. The overview of ICI studies suggests potential strategies for the development of other cancer immunotherapies using omics techniques in future studies

Multivariate logistic regression model and Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of microalbuminuria according to pulmonary function test and other covariates.

<p>Physical activity: Regular physical activity is defined when the participant do >20 minutes and 3 times per week or more physical activity which causes sweating.</p><p>Heavy alcohol consumption: Severe alcohol drinker is defined when the participants drink 7 glasses or more alcohol per one time, and 2 times or more alcohol drinking per a week in men (same as in men, 5 glasses or more in women is defined sever alcohol drinker).</p