Factores que generan ansiedad dental en los pacientes previo al procedimiento quirúrgico odontológico

La odontofobia también conocida como ansiedad dental, es hoy reconocida como una enfermedad de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud a través de sus organismos de clasificación y estadística, esta se considera como un trastorno derivado de malas experiencias a tratamientos odontológicos previos o cogniciones anteriores, los cuales promueven ansiedad y temor al dolor. OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores que generan ansiedad dental en los pacientes de las clínicas de Exodoncia y de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, MATERIALES Y METODOS: se aplico Cuestionario de Preocupaciones dentales a 190 participantes, durante periodo de 2019, Uno de los modelos estadísticos analíticos del presente proyecto consiste en la aplicación de pruebas de bondad de para de 2 variables, posterior a este modelo se procederá a realizar un modelo analítico para verificación de pruebas de hipótesis, considerando los datos presentados en el objetivo general, el modelo corresponde a la aplicación de prueba de bondad de ajuste o de Chi cuadrada. RESULTADOS: En esta etapa de la investigación participaron 53 pacientes pertenecientes al postgrado de cirugía oral y maxilofacial así como 108 de la clínica de exodoncia del pregrado donde el 27, 5 por ciento de la muestra afirmó manifestar ansiedad al ser atendidos por dentistas que trabajan de manera apresurada, seguidamente el 19, 4 por ciento añadió que su ansiedad se dentona ante la posibilidad de a ingestión de algún material o instrumento durante la atención odontologica; de la misma forma los datos arrojaron que el 18,1 por ciento de la población reaccionan ansiosamente a no sentirse suficientemente anestesiados y finalmente otro 18,1 por ciento a sufrir alguna injuria durante el acto operatorio. CONCLUSION: Base a esta investigación piloto pudimos observar que los pacientes sienten más ansioso al observar los alumnos tratante o el personal docente se encuentra apurado, y la tercera razón fue que los pacientes se sienten ansioso por no estar suficientemente informado sobre el tratamiento son los factores que nosotros podemos controlar con facilidad con la empatía y buena organización en la clínica

Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Exercise on Arterial Stiffness: A Narrative Literature Review

PURPOSE Smoking often causes acute and chronic cardiovascular disorders. Cigarette smoking increases oxidative stress, reduces nitric oxide bioavailability, and changes the extracellular matrix, impairing arterial stiffness. However, regular physical activity and smoking cessation significantly and rapidly reverse the detrimental effects. This narrative review summarizes the relevant research that describes the impacts of cigarette smoking on the cardiovascular system and demonstrates the therapeutic or preventative roles of exercise and smoking cessation in smoking-associated arterial stiffness. METHODS We used scientific search engines, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library, to identify previous studies exploring the effects of smoking, exercise, and smoking cessation on arterial stiffness. RESULTS We discussed the most important therapeutic and/or preventive roles of exercise and smoking cessation in decreasing arterial stiffness. Most studies have demonstrated that acute and chronic smoking increase arterial stiffness. Smoking and physical activity were negatively associated. However, this relationship was often attenuated or reversed during adult exercise interventions. In addition, smoking cessation reversed the effects of smoking on arterial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS Smoking increases the risk of acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. Cigarette smoking deteriorates arterial stiffness by altering the vascular walls. However, regular exercise and smoking cessation can improve or prevent impaired arterial stiffness

Dysregulated Plasma Membrane Turnover Underlying Dendritic Pathology in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Due to their enormous surface area compared to other cell types, neurons face unique challenges in properly handling supply and retrieval of the plasma membrane (PM)—a process termed PM turnover—in their distal areas. Because of the length and extensiveness of dendritic branches in neurons, the transport of materials needed for PM turnover from soma to distal dendrites will be inefficient and quite burdensome for somatic organelles. To meet local demands, PM turnover in dendrites most likely requires local cellular machinery, such as dendritic endocytic and secretory systems, dysregulation of which may result in dendritic pathology observed in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Supporting this notion, a growing body of literature provides evidence to suggest the pathogenic contribution of dysregulated PM turnover to dendritic pathology in certain NDs. In this article, we present our perspective view that impaired dendritic endocytic and secretory systems may contribute to dendritic pathology by encumbering PM turnover in NDs. © 2020 Chung, Park, Park and Lee.1

Antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of lotus leaf hot water extract with taurine supplementation in rats fed a high fat diet

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lotus (<it>Nelumbo nucifera</it>) leaf has been used to treat obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of lotus leaf hot water extract with taurine supplementation in high fat diet-induced obese rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Four week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with 8 rats in each group for a period of 6 weeks (normal diet, N group; high fat diet, HF group; high fat diet + lotus leaf hot water extract, HFL group; high fat diet + lotus leaf hot water extract + taurine, HFLT group). Lotus leaf hot water extract was orally administrated to HFL and HFLT groups and the same amount of distilled water was orally administered (400 mg/kg/day) to N and HF groups. Taurine was supplemented by dissolving in feed water (3% w/v).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The body weight gain and relative weights of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues were significantly lower in N, HFL and HFLT groups compared to HF group. HFL and HFLT groups showed lower concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum. HFLT group showed higher the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol compared to HFL group. HFLT group showed better blood lipid profiles compared to HFL group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Lotus leaf hot water extract with taurine supplementation showed antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects in high fat diet-induced obese rats, which was more effective than lotus leaf hot water extract alone.</p

Cell type–dependent variation in paracrine potency determines therapeutic efficacy against neonatal hyperoxic lung injury

AbstractBackground aimsThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal cell type for transplantation to protect against neonatal hyperoxic lung injury. To this end, the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacies and paracrine potencies of human umbilical cord blood–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (HUMs), human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (HAMs) and human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HMNs) were compared.MethodsHyperoxic injury was induced in vitro in A549 cells by challenge with H2O2. Alternatively, hyperoxic injury was induced in newborn Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo by exposure to hyperoxia (90% oxygen) for 14 days. HUMs, HAMs or HMNs (5 × 105 cells) were given intratracheally at postnatal day 5.ResultsHyperoxia-induced increases in in vitro cell death and in vivo impaired alveolarization were significantly attenuated in both the HUM and HAM groups but not in the HMN group. Hyperoxia impaired angiogenesis, increased the cell death and pulmonary macrophages and elevated inflammatory cytokine levels. These effects were significantly decreased in the HUM group but not in the HAM or HMN groups. The levels of human vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor produced by donor cells were highest in HUM group, followed by HAM group and then HMN group.ConclusionsHUMs exhibited the best therapeutic efficacy and paracrine potency than HAMs or HMNs in protecting against neonatal hyperoxic lung injury. These cell type-dependent variations in therapeutic efficacy might be associated or mediated with the paracrine potency of the transplanted donor cells

4-Hydroxy­phenyl 4-fluoro­benzoate

In the title compound, C13H9FO3, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 59.86 (4)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯H hydrogen bonds lead to molecular chains propagating in [010]

Antioxidant and hepatic protective effects of lotus root hot water extract with taurine supplementation in rats fed a high fat diet

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Nelumbo nucifera</it>, known as sacred lotus, is a well-known medicinal plant and this lotus root is commonly used as food compared to different parts of this plant. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and hepatic protective effects of lotus root hot water extract with taurine supplementation in high fat diet-induced obese rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (4-week-old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=8) for 6 weeks (normal diet, N group; high fat diet, HF group; high fat diet + lotus root hot water extract, HFR group; high fat diet + lotus root hot water extract + taurine, HFRT group). Lotus root hot water extract was orally administrated (400mg/kg/day) to HFR and HFRT groups and the same amount of distilled water was orally administered to N and HF groups. Taurine was supplemented by dissolving in feed water (3% w/v).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum were lower in HFR and HFRT groups compared to HF group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance contents in all groups fed a high fat diet were higher compared to N group. The activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes were higher in HFR and HFRT groups compared to HF group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that lotus root hot water extract with taurine supplementation shows antioxidant and hepatic protective effects in high fat diet-induced obese rats.</p

Vardenafil Enhances Oxytocin Expression in the Paraventricular Nucleus without Sexual Stimulation

PurposeOxytocin is associated with the ability to form normal social attachments. c-Fos is an immediate early gene whose expression is used as a marker for stimulus-induced changes in neurons. The effect of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors on oxytocin activation in the brain without sexual stimuli has not yet been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of vardenafil on oxytocin and c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of conscious rats.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300±10 g were divided into 6 groups (n=5 in each group): the control group, the 1-day-0.5 mg/kg, the 1-day-1 mg/kg, the 1-day-2 mg/kg, the 3-day-1 mg/kg, and the 7-day-1 mg/kg vardenafil administration group. The experiment was conducted without sexual stimulation. Vardenafil was orally administered. The animals in the control group received an equivalent amount of distilled water orally. The expression of oxytocin and c-Fos in the PVN was detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsOxytocin expression in the PVN was increased by 1 day administration of 2 mg/kg vardenafil, and this effect of vardenafil appeared in a duration-dependent manner. c-Fos in the oxytocin neurons of the PVN was increased by 1 day administration of 2 mg/kg vardenafil, and this effect of vardenafil also appeared in a duration-dependent manner. These results showed that vardenafil augments the expression of oxytocin with activation of oxytocin neurons in the PVN.ConclusionsIn this study, we showed that the PDE-5 inhibitor, vardenafil directly enhances oxytocin expression and also activates oxytocin neurons in the PVN, which indicates that vardenafil may exert positive effects on affiliation behavior and social interaction