55 research outputs found
Orbital magnetization senses topological phase transition in spin-orbit coupled - system
The - system undergoes a topological phase transition(TPT)
between two distinct quantum spin-Hall phases across when the
spin-orbit interaction of Kane-Mele type is taken into consideration. As a
hallmark of such a TPT, we find that the Berry curvature and the orbital
magnetic moment change their respective signs across the TPT. The trails of the
TPT found in another physical observable e.g. the orbital magnetization(OM) are
understood in terms of valley and spin physics. The valley-resolved OM(VROM)
and the spin-resolved OM(SROM) exhibit interesting characteristics related to
the valley and the spin Chern number when the chemical potential is tuned in
the forbidden gap(s) of the energy spectrum. In particular, we find that the
slope of the VROM vs the chemical potential in the forbidden gap changes its
sign abruptly across the TPT which is also consistent with the corresponding
change in the valley Chern number. Moreover, the slope of the SROM demonstrates
a sudden jump by one unit of , (where is the electronic charge and
is the Planck's constant), across the TPT which is also in agreement with the
corresponding change in the spin Chern number.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Non-linear magnon transport in a bilayer van der Waals antiferromagnets
In this paper, we study the Berry curvature induced linear and nonlinear
magnon transport in bilayer van der Waals antiferromagnets, where we deduce
forms for the spin and energy currents within the semiclassical Boltzmann
formalism under the relaxation time approximation. Even in the absence of the
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, if we turn on the layer-dependent
electrostatic doping (ED) potential and anisotropy in the Heisenberg
interactions, the linear response remains zero, whereas, we obtain a nonzero
nonlinear thermal Hall response resulting from higher moments of the Berry
curvature. We show that, there is a sign reversal of nonlinear thermal Hall
conductivity with varying strength of ED potential, which can be potentially
useful in spin-based technologies. We also comment on the momentum and
temperature dependence of the relaxation time which can influence the transport
properties.Comment: 16 pages. Comments welcom
RKKY coupling in Weyl semimetal thin films
We consider the effective coupling between impurity spins on surfaces of a
thin-film Weyl semimetal within Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) theory.
If the spins are on the same surface, their coupling reflects the anisotropy
and the spin-momentum locking of the Fermi arcs. By contrast when the spins are
on opposite surfaces, their coupling is mediated by the Fermi arcs as well as
by bulk states. In this case the coupling is both surprisingly strong and
strongly thickness dependent, with a maximum at an optimum thickness. We
demonstrate our results using analytical solutions of states in the thin-film
geometry, as well using a two-surface recursive Green's function analysis of
the tight-binding model.Comment: 12 pages. Comments welcom
Clinical Relevance of the Incidentaloma: A Clinician’s Viewpoint
Background: CT scanning remains one of the most routinely used diagnostic tools in a setting of InterstitialLung Disease (ILD). New and improved technologies, such as High Resolution Computer Tomography (HRCT) have revolutionized the quality of imaging, leading to a prominent increase in number of incidental findings that may or may not be of any clinical significance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of incidental findings on thoracic CT and their clinical significance.
Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 84 patients referred to our academic center as cases of ILD. Patients were referred for further evaluation between January 2000 and January 2014 and were followed over the disease course. CT scans were done annually as part of clinical management and patients were screened for any incidental findings. All incidental findings were reviewed, recorded in a clinical database and followed up on subsequent visits.
Results: 25 (30%) patients were found to have incidental findings. Liver abnormalities were found in 12 (14.29 %) patients. 11(13.10 %) patients were reported to have coronary artery calcifications. 5 (5.95 %) and 3 (3.57%) patients had thyroid abnormalities and renal cysts, respectively. A malignant lesion was found in 1 patient each in liver and thyroid abnormality subgroup.
Conclusion: Incidental findings are common on thoracic CT scans providing valuable and unexpected findings which warrant investigation by health care providers to exclude malignant processes
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