The young adults feelings after losing their parents to cancer in adolescence : a study based on the written records of the young adults fight against cancer

目的；青年期にがんで親を亡くした人の死別後の気持ちをあきらかにする． 方法；闘病記より，青年期にがんで親を亡くした人の死別後の気持ちが表現されている言動を，逐語録化し分析した．具体的には，前後の文脈と表現された言語の意味をコード化しカテゴリー化した． 結果；４つのカテゴリー，すなわち，１．親の死を受け止められない，２．親との生活を振り返る，３．進路や人生観が変化する，４．親のいない生活への適応，を抽出した．なお，それぞれのカテゴリーには複数のサブカテゴリーで構成されていた． 青年期に親と死別した人の気持ちは，学校（高校など）でも家でも感情の板挟みとなって葛藤を繰り返し，誰にも打ち明けられずに孤独に耐える．しかし，生前の親との時間や親の生きざまを想察することで，死と向き合い始める．また，その後の進路や人生観の変化も，生前の親からの学びが，対象者の気持ちに影響を及ぼしている．Objective : The Objective of this study identified the feeding of young adults after they lost their parents who died of cancer. Methods : Some of the young adult of these parents had recorded their fight against cancer in their own way, and we first extracted from their records the parts in which their feelings following their parents’ death were written down or the parts in which their feelings about their parents’ death were hinted in the form of what they said or did. We then transcribed these parts word for word, and made an analysis of them. Results : We have found that these parts consist of four categories ： １） being unable to accept their parents’ death, ２） looking back on the life they led with their parents, ３） the change of their career or their outlook on life, and ４） adapting to the life in which their parents no longer exist. Each category comprises more than one subcategory. Conclusions : It is important for nurses to understand and support the complicated feelings of those young adult whose parents died in young adult. It can be an effective suggestion in influencing the mental attitude the oung adult assume following their parents’ death

Antibacterial Effect of Amino Acid-Silver Complex Loaded Montmorillonite Incorporated in Dental Acrylic Resin

Several dental materials contain silver for antibacterial effect, however the effect is relatively low. The reason for the lower antibacterial efficacy of silver is considered to be the fact that silver ions bind to chloride ions in saliva. To develop new effective silver antibacterial agents that can be useful in the mouth, we synthesized two novel amino acid (methionine or histidine)-silver complexes (Met or His-Ag) loaded with montmorillonite (Mont) and analyzed their antibacterial efficacy. At first the complexes were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and amino acid-Ag complex-loaded Mont (amino acid-Ag-Mont) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial efficacy of these materials in dental acrylic resin was then investigated by bacterial growth measurement using a spectrophotometer. As controls, commercially available silver-loaded zeolite and silver-zirconium phosphate were also tested. Dental acrylic resin incorporating His-Ag-Mont strongly inhibited Streptococcus mutans growth. This was explained by the fact that His-Ag complex revealed the highest amounts of silver ions in the presence of chloride. The structure of the amino acid-Ag complexes affected the silver ion presence in chloride and the antibacterial efficacy. His-Ag-Mont might be used as antibacterial agents for dental materials

Small Intestinal Involvement in FAP

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Small intestinal involvement in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) remains unclarified. We performed capsule endoscopy (CE) and balloon-assisted (BA) endoscopy to analyze small intestinal polyps and their genotype-phenotype correlations in a large cohort of FAP patients. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we performed CE in all 149 FAP patients and BA endoscopy in 74 patients with larger polyps. The prevalence of small intestinal adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and cancer was investigated. Correlation between APC variant and polyp phenotype was analyzed. RESULTS: Median patient age was 44 years and 69% were male. Pathogenic germline APC variants were found in 117/136 (86.1%). Overall prevalence and median number of small intestinal polyps were 85.2% (127/149) and 17 (IQR 6-36), respectively. A total of 5318 polyps were detected by CE and all 433 polyps histologically examined were confirmed as adenoma. The number of polyps significantly decreased from the proximal-to-distal tracts. Adenoma with high-grade dysplasia was detected in 26.2% (39/149), and its incidence among the polyps was approximately 1.4% (74/5318). Of these, 14 were intramucosal carcinomas with a prevalence of 5.4% (8/149). The germline APC variant in codon 1251-1580 was significantly correlated with a high number of small intestinal polyps. Multivariate analysis revealed APC variant in codon 1251-1580 and a high number of small intestinal polyps as independent risk factors for adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. Spigelman stage was significantly associated with number of jejunal/ileal polyps and their high-grade dysplasia. CONCLUSION: Among FAP patients, small intestinal adenoma with high-grade dysplasia was detected in 26.2% and cancer in 5.4%. FAP patients, particularly those with APC variant in codon 1251-1580 and/or high Spigelman stage may require surveillance for small intestinal polyps

Effectiveness and stability of silane coupling agent incorporated in 'universal' adhesives

OBJECTIVE: For bonding indirect restorations, some 'universal' adhesives incorporate a silane coupling agent to chemically bond to glass-rich ceramics so that a separate ceramic primer is claimed to be no longer needed. With this work, we investigated the effectiveness/stability of the silane coupling function of the silanecontaining experimentally prepared adhesives and Scotchbond Universal (3MESPE). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Experimental adhesives consisted of Scotchbond Universal and the silane-free Clearfil S3 ND Quick (Kuraray Noritake) mixed with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (Kuraray Noritake) and the two adhesives to which γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPTS) was added. Shear bond strength was measured onto silica-glass plates; the adhesive formulations were analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In addition, shear bond strength onto CAD-CAM composite blocks was measured without and after thermo-cycling ageing. RESULTS: A significantly higher bond strength was recorded when Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator was freshly mixed with the adhesive. Likewise, the experimental adhesives, to which γ-MPTS was added, revealed a significantly higher bond strength, but only when the adhesive was applied immediately after mixing; delayed application resulted in a significantly lower bond strength. FTIR and 13C NMR revealed hydrolysis and dehydration condensation to progress with the time after γ-MPTS was mixed with the two adhesives. After thermo-cycling, the bond strength onto CAD-CAM composite blocks remained stable only for the two adhesives with which Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator was mixed. SIGNIFICANCE: Only the silane coupling effect of freshly prepared silanecontaining adhesives was effective. Clinically, the use of a separate silane primer or silane freshly mixed with the adhesive remains recommended to bond glass-rich ceramics.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Effectiveness and stability of silane coupling agent incorporated in ‘universal’ adhesives journaltitle: Dental Materials articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.002 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.status: publishe