Condensation and evaporation local heat transfer characteristics of the refrigerant mixture of R1123 and R32 inside a plate heat exchanger

In the present study, condensation and evaporation local heat transfer coefficients of the refrigerant mixture of R1123 and R32 inside a brazed plate heat exchanger were investigated by using a test section which is combined with two grooved stainless steel plates. In the test section, wall temperature distribution was measured. The test section consists of eight plates; two of them were processed herringbone for refrigerant flow channel other two flat plates are set for cooling plate for refrigerant, and another consist on cooling water flow channel. In order to measure local heat transfer and temperature distribution, five thermocouples were set on flow direction for each wall temperature measurement of the refrigerant side and heat source water side. Local heat transfer coefficient were calculated from local wall temperature of refrigerant side, saturation temperature and local heat flux obtained by temperature gradient between heat transfer surface of refrigerant side and heat source side

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Review

journal articl

The objective function for the estimation of the differential coefficients of the -th gene's expression levels

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Function approximation approach to the inference of reduced NGnet models of genetic networks"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/9/23</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2008;9():23-23.</p><p>Published online 14 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2258286.</p><p></p

Efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel monotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A multicenter Phase 2 clinical trial

Abstract Background Whether immunotherapy improves the efficacy or worsens adverse events of subsequent chemotherapy remains unclear. We performed a Phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐paclitaxel) as a treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment with programmed cell death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 [PD‐(L)1] inhibitor failure. Methods Nab‐paclitaxel (100 mg/m2) was administered on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28‐day cycle to patients with advanced NSCLC within 12 weeks after the failure of PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) in all patients; the secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results Thirty cases were registered, and 29 cases were included in the analysis. The ORR was 55.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.1%–79.6%) and the DCR was 86.2% (95% CI: 65.9%–97.0%). The median PFS was 5.6 months (95% CI: 4.4–6.7 months), and PFS rates at 1‐ and 2‐year timepoints were 34.5% and 13.3%, respectively. The median OS was 11.9 months (95% CI: 0.8–23.0 months). Good performance status and responder of previous PD‐(L)1 inhibitor therapy were independent predictors of PFS. Grade 3 or higher toxicities included leukopenia (27.6%), neutropenia (31.0%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (6.9%), increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels (3.4%), and interstitial lung disease (3.4%). Conclusions Nab‐paclitaxel therapy improved ORR after PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment failure with a durable response of 13% and acceptable toxicities in patients with advanced NSCLC

Diversity and composition of flower-visiting insects and related factors in three fruit tree species

Animal-mediated pollination is an essential ecosystem service for the production of many fruit trees. To reveal the community composition of flower-visiting wild insects which potentially contribute to fruit production and to examine the effects of geographic location, local meteorological conditions and locally introduced domesticated pollinators on them, we investigated the community composition of insects visiting the flowers (hereafter, “visitors”) of apple, Japanese pear and Oriental persimmon for 1‒3 years at 20 sites around Japan. While most of the variation (82%) of the community composition was explained by tree species with a slight contribution by geographic distance (2%), maximum temperature and tree species contributed 62% and 41% of the variation in total abundance of the visitors, respectively. Though the dominant families of the visitors varied spatiotemporally, the community composition of the visitors of apple and Japanese pear clearly differed from that of Oriental persimmon. While Andrenidae and Syrphidae together accounted for 46%‒64% of the visitors of apple and Japanese pear, Apidae represented 57% of the visitors of Oriental persimmon. The taxonomic richness, diversity and evenness of the visitors were best predicted by locally introduced domesticated pollinators and local meteorological conditions of wind speed and maximum temperature. Amongst these selected factors, locally introduced domesticated pollinators could have the largest impact. It seemed to be strongly related to the reduction of taxonomic richness, diversity and evenness of the visitors, accounting for 41‒89% of the variation. Results suggested that the community composition and total abundance of potential pollinators were predominantly determined by tree species and temperature, but locally introduced domesticated pollinators could have a determinantal pressure on the taxonomic diversity of the community

Diversity and composition of flower-visiting insects and related factors in three fruit tree species

Animal-mediated pollination is an essential ecosystem service for the production of many fruit trees. To reveal the community composition of flower-visiting wild insects which potentially contribute to fruit production and to examine the effects of geographic location, local meteorological conditions and locally introduced domesticated pollinators on them, we investigated the community composition of insects visiting the flowers (hereafter, “visitors”) of apple, Japanese pear and Oriental persimmon for 1‒3 years at 20 sites around Japan. While most of the variation (82%) of the community composition was explained by tree species with a slight contribution by geographic distance (2%), maximum temperature and tree species contributed 62% and 41% of the variation in total abundance of the visitors, respectively. Though the dominant families of the visitors varied spatiotemporally, the community composition of the visitors of apple and Japanese pear clearly differed from that of Oriental persimmon. While Andrenidae and Syrphidae together accounted for 46%‒64% of the visitors of apple and Japanese pear, Apidae represented 57% of the visitors of Oriental persimmon. The taxonomic richness, diversity and evenness of the visitors were best predicted by locally introduced domesticated pollinators and local meteorological conditions of wind speed and maximum temperature. Amongst these selected factors, locally introduced domesticated pollinators could have the largest impact. It seemed to be strongly related to the reduction of taxonomic richness, diversity and evenness of the visitors, accounting for 41‒89% of the variation. Results suggested that the community composition and total abundance of potential pollinators were predominantly determined by tree species and temperature, but locally introduced domesticated pollinators could have a determinantal pressure on the taxonomic diversity of the community

Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPARα and γ and suppresses COX-2 expression[S]

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, plays a key role in inflammation and circulatory homeostasis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily and are involved in the control of COX-2 expression, and vice versa. Here, we show that COX-2 promoter activity was suppressed by essential oils derived from thyme, clove, rose, eucalyptus, fennel, and bergamot in cell-based transfection assays using bovine arterial endothelial cells. Moreover, from thyme oil, we identified carvacrol as a major component of the suppressor of COX-2 expression and an activator of PPARα and γ. PPARγ-dependent suppression of COX-2 promoter activity was observed in response to carvacrol treatment. In human macrophage-like U937 cells, carvacrol suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, suggesting that carvacrol regulates COX-2 expression through its agonistic effect on PPARγ. These results may be important in understanding the antiinflammatory and antilifestyle-related disease properties of carvacrol