3,722 research outputs found
Development of carbon dioxide laser doppler instrumentation detection of clear air turbulence
The analytical, experimental, and developmental aspects of an airborne, pulsed, carbon dioxide laser-optical radar system are described. The laser detects clear air turbulence and performs Doppler measurements of this air-motion phenomenon. Conclusions and recommendations arising from the development of the laser system are presented
Knotted solutions, from electromagnetism to fluid dynamics
Knotted solutions to electromagnetism and fluid dynamics are investigated,
based on relations we find between the two subjects. We can write fluid
dynamics in electromagnetism language, but only on an initial surface, or for
linear perturbations, and we use this map to find knotted fluid solutions, as
well as new electromagnetic solutions. We find that knotted solutions of
Maxwell electromagnetism are also solutions of more general nonlinear theories,
like Born-Infeld, and including ones which contain quantum corrections from
couplings with other modes, like Euler-Heisenberg and string theory DBI. Null
configurations in electromagnetism can be described as a null pressureless
fluid, and from this map we can find null fluid knotted solutions. A type of
nonrelativistic reduction of the relativistic fluid equations is described,
which allows us to find also solutions of the (nonrelativistic) Euler's
equations.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figure
Focused laser Doppler velocimeter
A system for remotely measuring velocities present in discrete volumes of air is described. A CO2 laser beam is focused by a telescope at such a volume, a focal volume, and within the focusable range, near field, of the telescope. The back scatter, or reflected light, principally from the focal volume, passes back through the telescope and is frequency compared with the original frequency of the laser, and the difference frequency or frequencies represent particle velocities in that focal volume
Knotted solutions for linear and nonlinear theories: Electromagnetism and fluid dynamics
We examine knotted solutions, the most simple of which is the “Hopfion”, from the point of view of relations between electromagnetism and ideal fluid dynamics. A map between fluid dynamics and electromagnetism works for initial conditions or for linear perturbations, allowing us to find new knotted fluid solutions. Knotted solutions are also found to be solutions of nonlinear generalizations of electromagnetism, and of quantum-corrected actions for electromagnetism coupled to other modes. For null configurations, electromagnetism can be described as a null pressureless fluid, for which we can find solutions from the knotted solutions of electromagnetism. We also map them to solutions of Euler's equations, obtained from a type of nonrelativistic reduction of the relativistic fluid equations
Resonance ionization spectroscopy of thorium isotopes - towards a laser spectroscopic identification of the low-lying 7.6 eV isomer of Th-229
In-source resonance ionization spectroscopy was used to identify an efficient
and selective three step excitation/ionization scheme of thorium, suitable for
titanium:sapphire (Ti:sa) lasers. The measurements were carried out in
preparation of laser spectroscopic investigations for an identification of the
low-lying Th-229m isomer predicted at 7.6 +- 0.5 eV above the nuclear ground
state. Using a sample of Th-232, a multitude of optical transitions leading to
over 20 previously unknown intermediate states of even parity as well as
numerous high-lying odd parity auto-ionizing states were identified. Level
energies were determined with an accuracy of 0.06 cm-1 for intermediate and
0.15 cm-1 for auto-ionizing states. Using different excitation pathways an
assignment of total angular momenta for several energy levels was possible. One
particularly efficient ionization scheme of thorium, exhibiting saturation in
all three optical transitions, was studied in detail. For all three levels in
this scheme, the isotope shifts of the isotopes Th-228, Th-229, and Th-230
relative to Th-232 were measured. An overall efficiency including ionization,
transport and detection of 0.6 was determined, which was predominantly limited
by the transmission of the mass spectrometer ion optics
Remote detection of trailing vortices, task 3, modification 3
The operation of a frequency tracker for use with the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) is reported. Topics discussed include: laser beam profile, lens matching, and LDV resolution data. It is concluded that the LDV provides good ground wind signals. The loss in sensitivity of the cavity system at high frequencies is partly compensated by an increase in the scattering cross section of the atmosphere due to dust
Static Potential in N=4 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory
We compute the leading order perturbative correction to the static potential
in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We show that the perturbative
expansion contains infrared logarithms which, when resummed, become logarithms
of the coupling constant. The resulting correction goes in the right direction
to match the strong coupling behavior obtained from the AdS/CFT correspondence.
We find that the strong coupling extrapolation of the sum of ladder diagrams
goes as , as in the supergravity approach.Comment: 8 pages, four figures using feynm
Supergravity and The Large N Limit of Theories With Sixteen Supercharges
We consider field theories with sixteen supersymmetries, which includes U(N)
Yang-Mills theories in various dimensions, and argue that their large N limit
is related to certain supergravity solutions. We study this by considering a
system of D-branes in string theory and then taking a limit where the brane
worldvolume theory decouples from gravity. At the same time we study the
corresponding D-brane supergravity solution and argue that we can trust it in
certain regions where the curvature (and the effective string coupling, where
appropriate) are small. The supergravity solutions typically have several
weakly coupled regions and interpolate between different limits of
string-M-theory.Comment: 24 pages, latex. v2: reference added, v3: typos correcte
Exotic Non-Supersymmetric Gauge Dynamics from Supersymmetric QCD
We extend Seiberg's qualitative picture of the behavior of supersymmetric QCD
to nonsupersymmetric models by adding soft supersymmetry breaking terms. In
this way, we recover the standard vacuum of QCD with flavors and
colors when . However, for , we find new exotic
states---new vacua with spontaneously broken baryon number for , and
a vacuum state with unbroken chiral symmetry for . These exotic
vacua contain massless composite fermions and, in some cases, dynamically
generated gauge bosons. In particular Seiberg's electric-magnetic duality seems
to persist also in the presence of (small) soft supersymmetry breaking. We
argue that certain, specially tailored, lattice simulations may be able to
detect the novel phenomena. Most of the exotic behavior does not survive the
decoupling limit of large SUSY breaking parameters.Comment: 36 pages, latex + 2 figures (uuencoded ps
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