Subjectivity in a context of environmental change: opening new dialogues in mental health research

In a period of unstable experimentation with challenges of globalization of associated risks, and disenchantment with ‘enduring injustice’, we bring forward a consideration of subjectivity to the study of environmental change and mental health. We begin by identifying how mainstream climate change and mental health studies are unable to explain the emergent and co-evolutionary pathways of agency. As a means of freeing these studies of their objective dimensions of linear-causation, we argue in favour of a re-positioning of subjectivity within an appreciation of recognition conflicts and beyond the over-deterministic interpretations of power centres—state, market or religion. We draw on one example of scientific research that was conducted in a region undergoing strong environmental, social and cultural changes, in the state of São Paulo/Brazil, with the aim to open mental health research to new dialogues, to which we contribute with the notion of the ‘pluriversal subject’

The politics of Amazonian deforestation: environmental policy and climate change knowledge

This article reviews literature on the science and politics of deforestation in the Amazon from 1970 until today, focusing on their shifting meanings and the increasing relevance of climate change knowledge to their understanding and management. Since large-scale colonization of the region began in the 1970s, the debate on deforestation has been crucial in disputes involving science, development, and the environment. In the last decade, the issue of climate change has become more present in the science, politics, and policies related to deforestation in the Amazon. This debate has helped shift discussions on both the environmental and the development agenda for the region. Although there is a broad agreement that the Amazon is being increasingly integrated into global fluxes of knowledge, goods, and people, not all view this process under the same light. The review concludes that scientific views help condition the development of changing policy arrangements aimed at curbing deforestation, and the incorporation of climate change knowledge is an important aspect of the dynamics of environmental policies in the region. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article reviews literature on the science and politics of deforestation in the Amazon from 1970 until today, focusing on their shifting meanings and the increasing relevance of climate change knowledge to their understanding and management. Since lar55689701sem informaçãosem informaçãoBothe, M., Kurzidem, T., Schmidt, C., (1993) Amazonia and Siberia: Legal Aspects of the Preservation of the Environment and Development in the Last Open Spaces, , London, UK: Graham & Trotman/Martinus NijhoffMalhi, Y., Roberts, J.T., Betts, R.A., Killeen, T.J., Li, W., Nobre, C.A., Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon (2008) Science, 319, pp. 169-172Becker, B., (1982) Geopolítica da Amazônia: A Nova Fronteira de Recursos, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ZaharBecker, B., Revisão das políticas de ocupação da Amazônia: é possível identificar modelos para projetar cenários? (2001) Parc Estr, 12, pp. 135-159Becker, B., Cenários de curto prazo para o desenvolvimento da Amazônia (2000) Cadernos do IPPUR, 14, pp. 53-85Nogueira, V.P.Q., Ecological aspects of development in Amazonia (1993) Amazonia and Siberia: Legal Aspects of the Preservation of the Environment and Development in the Last Open Spaces, pp. 1-14. , Bothe M, Kurzidem T, Schmidt C, eds. London, UK: Graham & Trotman/Martinus NijhoffAlves, D., O processo de desmatamento na Amazônia (2001) Parc Estr, 12, pp. 260-275Fearnside, P., Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: history, rates, and consequences (2005) Conserv Biol, 19, pp. 680-688Becker, B., (1990) Amazônia, , São Paulo, Brazil: ÁticaBecker, B., Geopolítica da Amazônia (2005) Est Av, 19, pp. 71-86Becker, B., A implantação da rodovia Belém-Brasília e o desenvolvimento regional (1977) Anu Inst Geocienc, 1, pp. 32-46Zhouri, A., Laschefski, K., Pereira, D., (2005) A insustentável leveza da política ambiental: desenvolvimento e conflitos socioambientais, , Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Autêntica EditoraZhouri, A., "Adverse Forces" in the Brazilian Amazon: developmentalism versus environmentalism and indigenous rights (2010) J Environ Dev, 19, pp. 252-273Perz, S., Aramburú, C., Bremner, J., Population, land use and deforestation in the Pan Amazon basin: a comparison of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (2008) Environ Dev Sustain, 7, pp. 23-49Moran, E., Deforestation and cattle ranching in the Brazilian Amazon: external capital and household processes (2000) World Dev, 28, pp. 683-699Diegues, A.C., (1992) The Social Dynamics of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview, pp. 1-44. , Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Research Institute for Social DevelopmentBecker, B., A Amazônia e a política ambiental brasileira (2004) GEOgraphia, 6, pp. 7-20Zhouri, A., Global-local Amazon politics: conflicting paradigms in the rainforest campaign (2004) Theor Cult Soc, 21, pp. 69-89Zhouri, A., Transnational Campaigns for the Amazon: NGOs strategies, trade and official responses (2001) Amb & Soc, 6, pp. 31-62Almeida, A.L.O., (1992) The Colonization of the Amazon, , Austin, TX: The University of Texas PressZhouri, A., O ativismo transnacional pela Amazônia: entre a ecologia política e o ambientalismo de resultados (2006) Horiz Antr, 12, pp. 139-169Esteva, G., (1992) The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge and Power, pp. 6-25. , Development, Sachs W, ed. London, UK: Zed BooksLaurance, W.F., Cochrane, M.A., Bergen, S., Fearnside, P., Delamônica, P., Barber, C., D'Angelo, S., Fernandes, T., The future of the Brazilian Amazon (2001) Science, 291, pp. 438-439Walker, R., Browder, J.O., Arima, E.Y., Simmons, C., Pereira, R., Caldas, M., Shirota, R., de Zen, S., Ranching and the new global range: Amazônia in the 21st century (2009) Geoforum, 40, pp. 732-745Lima, A., Capobianco, J.P., Moutinho, P., (2009) Desmatamento na Amazônia: Medidas e efeitos do Decreto Federal 6.321/07, p. 14. , Brasília-DF: IPAMNepstad, D., McGrath, D., Soares-Filho, B., Systemic conservation, REDD, and the future of the Amazon basin (2011) Conserv Biol, 25, pp. 1113-1116De Mello, N.A., Théry, H., A armadura do espaço amazônico: eixos e zoneamentos (2001) Alceu, 1, pp. 181-214Motta, R.S., The national policy on climate change: regulatory and governance aspects (2011) Climate Change in Brazil: Economic, Social and Regulatory Aspects, pp. 33-45. , Motta RS, Hargrave J, Luedemann G, Gutierrez MBS, eds. Brasília: IPEAMotta, R.S., Hargrave, J., Luedemann, G., Gutierrez, M.B.S., (2011) Climate Change in Brazil: Economic, Social and Regulatory Aspects, , Brasília: IPEASchimink, M.G., Wood, C.H., (1984) Frontier Expansion in Amazonia, , Gainesville, FL: University of Florida PressHemming, J., (1987) Amazon Frontier: the Defeat of the Brazilian Indians, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressFoley, J.A., Asner, G.P., Costa, M.H., Coe, M.T., DeFries, R., Gibbs, H.K., Howard, E.A., Ramankutty, N., Amazonia revealed: forest degradation and loss of ecosystem goods and services in the Amazon Basin (2007) Front Ecol Environ, 5, pp. 25-32Browder, J.O., Pedlowski, M., Walker, R., Wynne, R., Summers, P., Abad, A., Becerra-Cordoba, N., Mil-homens, J., Revisiting theories of frontier expansion in the Brazilian Amazon: a survey of the colonist farming population in Rondônia's post-frontier, 1992-2002 (2008) World Dev, 36, pp. 1469-1492Aldrich, S.P., Walker, R.T., Arima, E.Y., Caldas, M.M., Browder, J.O., Perz, S., Land-cover and land-use change in the Brazilian Amazon: smallholders, ranchers, and frontier stratification (2006) Econ Geogr, 82, pp. 265-288Moran, E., Deforestation and land use in the Brazilian Amazon (1993) Human Ecol, 21, pp. 1-21Kirby, K., Laurance, W.F., Albernaz, A., Schroth, G., Fearnside, P., Bergen, S., Venticinque, E., Costa, C., The future of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon (2006) Futures, 38, pp. 432-453Margulis, S., (2004) Causes of deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon, , Washington, DC: World BankFearnside, P., Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: how fast is it occurring? (1982) Interciencia, 7, pp. 82-88Mahar, D.J., (1989) Government Policies and Deforestation in Brazil's Amazon Region, , Washington, DC: World BankFerreira, L.V., Venticinque, E., Almeida, S., O desmatamento na Amazônia e a importância das áreas protegidas (2005) Est Av, 19, pp. 157-166Kolk, A., From conflict to cooperation: international development policies to protect the Brazilian Amazon (1998) World Dev, 26, pp. 1481-1493Fearnside, P., Combate ao desmatamento na Amazonia brasileira (1999) Cad Biodiv, 2, pp. 10-20Pacheco de Oliveira, J., Diplomacia e Militarismo: O Projeto Calha-Norte e a Ocupação do Espaço Amazônico (1989) R Bras C Soc, 1, pp. 145-163Pacheco de Oliveira, J., (1990) Projeto Calha-Norte: Militares, Índios e Fronteiras, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Editora da UFRJHecht, S., Cockburn, A., (1990) The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers and Defenders of the Amazon, , New York: Harper PerennialMeira Mattos, G., (1980) Uma geopolítica da Amazônia, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: José Olimpio EditoraReis, A.C., (1968) A Amazônia e a cobiça internacional, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: RecordEden, M.J., Environment, politics and Amazonian deforestation (1994) Land Use Policy, 11, pp. 55-66Evans, P., (1979) Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State and Local Capital in Brazil, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton University PressSkidmore, T., (1988) The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, 1964-1985, , New York: Oxford University PressPaula, E., Silva, S., Movimentos sociais na Amazônia Brasileira: vinte anos sem Chico Mendes (2009) X Congresso Lusoafrobrasileiro de Ciências Sociais, , Braga, Portugal: Universidade do MinhoViola, E., A globalização da política ambiental no Brasil, 1990-1998 (1998) XXI International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, , Chicago, ILPrates, R.C., Bacha, C.J., Os processos de desenvolvimento e desmatamento da Amazônia (2011) Econ Soc, 20, pp. 601-636Hurrell, A., The politics of Amazonian deforestation (1991) J Lat Am Stud, 23, pp. 197-215Lima, A., Evolução na política para o controle do desmatamento na Amazônia brasileira: o PPCDAM (2009) Clima e Floresta, , Manaus, Brazil: IPAMDe Mello, N.A., (2006) Políticas públicas territoriais na Amazônia, , São Paulo, Brazil: AnnablumeLaurance, W.F., Deforestation in Amazonia (2004) Science, 304, pp. 1109-1111Gama, W., Velho, L., A cooperação científica internacional na Amazônia (2005) Est Av, 19, pp. 205-224(1987) Our Common Future, , WCED WCotEaD. Oxford, UK: Oxford University PressLeff, E., (2001) Saber Ambiental: sustentabilidade, racionalidade, complexidade, poder, , Petrópolis, Brazil: VozesKolk, A., (1996) Forests in International Environmental Politics: International Organisations, NGOs and the Brazilian Amazon, , Utrecht, The Netherlands: International BooksArnt, R., Schwartzman, S., (1992) Um artifício orgânico: transição na Amazônia e ambientalismo, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: RoccoGolden, F., A catbird's seat on Amazon destruction (1989) Science, 246, pp. 201-202Aragão, M.B., Ainda a Amazônia (1989) Cad S Publ, 5, pp. 219-227Pfaff, A.S.P., (1999) What Drives Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: Evidence from Satellite and Socioeconomic Data, , Washington, DC: World BankReis, E., Margulis, S., (1991) Perspectivas econômicas do desflorestamento da Amazônia, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: IPEAChomitz, K.M., Thomas, T.S., (2001) Geographic Patterns of Land Use and Land Intensity in the Brazilian Amazon, , Washington, DC: World BankPerz, S., The changing social contexts of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon (2002) Soc Sci Q, 83, pp. 35-52Godfrey, B.J., Browder, J.O., Disarticulated urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon (1996) Geogr Rev, 86, pp. 441-445Alves, D., Science and technology and sustainable development in the Brazilian Amazon (2007) The Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins: Linking Ecological, Economic and Social Constraints of Land Use and Conservation, pp. 493-512. , Tscharntke T, Leuschner C, Zeller M, Guhardja E, Bidin A, eds. Berlin: SpringerPerz, S., Brilhante, S., Brown, F., Caldas, M., Ikeda, S., Mendoza, E., Overdevest, C., Rojas, D., Road building, land use and climate change: prospects for environmental governance in the Amazon (2008) Philos Trans R Soc, 362, pp. 1889-1895Soares-Filho, B., Nepstad, D., Curran, L., Cerqueira, G.C., Garcia, R.A., Ramos, C.A., Voll, E., Schlesinger, P., Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin (2006) Nature, 440, pp. 520-523Macedo, M.N., DeFriesa, R.S., Morton, D.C., Stickler, C.M., Galford, G.L., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Decoupling of deforestation and soy production in the southern Amazon during the late 2000s (2012) PNAS, 109, pp. 1341-1346Potter, G.L., Ellsaesser, H.W., MacCracken, M.C., Luther, F.M., Possible climate impact of tropical deforestation (1975) Nature, 258, pp. 697-698Salati, E., Vose, P., Amazon basin: a system in equilibrium (1984) Science, 225, pp. 129-138Nepstad, D., Carvalho, G., Barros, A.C., Alencar, A., Capobianco, J.P., Bishop, J., Moutinho, P., Prins, E., Road paving, fire regime feedbacks, and the future of Amazon forests (2001) For Ecol Manag, 154, pp. 395-407Nepstad, D., Stickler, C., Soares-Filho, B., Merry, F., Interactions among Amazon land use, forests and climate: prospects for a near-term forest tipping point (2008) Philos Trans R Soc, 363, pp. 1737-1746Shukla, J., Nobre, C., Sellers, P., Amazon deforestation and climate change (1990) Science, 247, pp. 1322-1325Nobre, C., Sellers, P., Shukla, J., Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change (1991) J Clim, 4, pp. 957-988Salati, E., Nobre, C., Possible climatic impacts of tropical deforestation (1991) Clim Chang, 19 (1-2), pp. 177-196Cox, P.M., Betts, R., Jones, C.D., Spall, S.A., Totterdell, I., Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model (2000) Nature, 408, pp. 184-187Lahsen, M., Seductive simulations? Uncertainty distribution around climate models (2005) Soc Stud Sci, 35, pp. 895-922Nobre, C., Sampaio, G., Salazar, L., Cenários de mudança climática para a América do Sul para o final do século 21 (2008) Parc Estr, 27, pp. 19-42Nobre, C., Sampaio, G., Salazar, L., Mudanças climáticas e Amazônia (2007) C e Cult, 59, pp. 22-27Golding, N., Betts, R., Fire risk in Amazonia due to climate change in the HadCM3 climate model: Potential interactions with deforestation (2008) Glob Biogeochem Cycles, 22, pp. 1-10Nobre, C., Borma, L.S., 'Tipping points' for the Amazon forest (2009) Curr Opin Environ Sustain, 1, pp. 28-36Phillips, O.L., Malhi, Y., Higuchi, N., Laurance, W.F., Nunez, W.F., Vasquez, R.M., Laurance, S.G., Brown, S., Changes in the carbon balance of tropical forests: evidence from long-term plots (1998) Science, 282, pp. 439-443Malhi, Y., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Galbraith, D., Huntingford, C., Fisher, R., Zelazowski, P., Sitch, S., Meir, P., Exploring the likelihood and mechanism of a climate-change-induced dieback of the Amazon rainforest (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, pp. 20610-20615Brasil: Lei no 12.187, de 29 de dezembro de 2009. Institui a Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima (PNMC) e dá outras providências. In: 12187, Ed. República Pd): Brasília, 2009Linhares-Juvenal, T., REDD and the challenge of protecting the global forest cover (2011) Climate Change in Brazil: Economic, Social and Regulatory Aspects, pp. 319-329. , Motta RS, Hargrave J, Luedemann G, Gutierrez MBS, eds. Brasília: IPEAGloor, M., Gatti, L., Brienen, R., Feldpausch, T.R., Phillips, O.L., Miller, J., Ometto, J.P., de Jong, B., The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants (2012) Biogeosciences, 9, pp. 5407-5430Asner, G.P., Powell, G.V.N., Mascaro, J., Knapp, D.E., Clark, J.K., Jacobson, J., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Victoria, E., High-resolution forest carbon stocks and emissions in the Amazon (2010) PNAS, 107, pp. 16738-16742Brasil, R.F., (2009) Plano de ação para a prevenção e o controle do desmatamento na Amazônia Legal: 2a fase (2009-2011), , Civil C, ed. Brasília: Governo Federal(2012) Fundo Amazônia/Amazon Fund, , BNDES BNdD. Brasília: BNDESAlencar, A., Nepstad, D., McGrath, D., Moutinho, P., Pacheco, P., Diaz, M.D.C., Soares-Filho, B., (2004) Desmatamento na Amazônia: indo além da emergência crônica, , Belém, Brazil: Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM)Soares-Filho, B., Dietzsch, L., Moutinho, P., Falieri, A., Rodrigues, H., Pinto, E., Maretti, C., Araújo, F.V., (2008) Reduction of emissions Associated with Deforestation in Brazil: The Role of the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA), , Brasília: IPAMEvolução na Política para o Controle do Desmatamento na Amazônia Brasileira: O PPCDAm (2009) Clima e Floresta, , IPAM. In: Brasília: IPAMAssunção, J., Gandour, C., Rocha, R., Rocha, R., Does credit affect deforestation? Evidence from a rural credit policy in the Brazilian Amazon (2013) CPI Technical Report, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: PUC-RJSantilli, M., Mouthino, P., Schwartzman, S., Nepstad, D., Curran, L., Nobre, C.A., Tropical deforestation and the Kyoto protocol (2005) Climate Change, 71, pp. 267-276(2008), UN-REDD. United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD), Framework document(2009) UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, , UNFCCC. Draft-decision-/CP.15 Copenhagen Accord, Copenhagen, Denmark: UNFCCCAssunção, J., Rocha, R., Gandour, C., Deforestation slowdown in the legal Amazon: prices or policies? (2012) CPI Working Papers, , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-RJGoncalves, P.M., Panjer, M., Greenberg, T.S., Magrath, W.B., (2012) Justice for Forests: Improving Criminal Justice Efforts to Combat Illegal Logging, , Washington, DC: The World BankLahsen, M., A science-policy interface in the global south: the politics of carbon sinks and science in Brazil (2009) Clim Chang, 97, pp. 339-372Schor, T., (2008) Ciência e tecnologia: o caso do Experimento de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazônia (LBA), , São Paulo, Brazil: Annablume EditoraSchor, T., Reflexões sobre a imbricação entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (2007) Sci Stud, 5, pp. 337-367Lahsen, M., Nobre, C., Challenges of connecting international science and local level sustainability efforts: the case of the large-scale biosphere-atmosphere experiment in Amazonia (2007) Environ Sci Pol, 10, pp. 62-74Artaxo, P., Break down boundaries in climate research (2012) Nature, 481, p. 239Asner, G.P., Knapp, D.E., Broadbent, E.N., Oliveira, P.J.C., Keller, M., Silva, J.N., Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon (2005) Science, 310, pp. 480-481Alves, D., Two cultures, multiple theoretical perspectives: the problem of integration of natural and social sciences in earth system research (2012) International Perspectives on Global Environmental Change, pp. 1-22. , Young S, Silvern S, eds. Rijeka, Croatia: IntechCochrane, M.A., Laurance, W.F., Synergisms among fire, land use, and climate change in the Amazon (2008) Ambio, 37, pp. 7-8(2011) REDD in Brazil: A Focus on the Amazon. Principles, Criteria, and Institutional Structures for a National Program for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation - REDD, , CGEE. Brasília: Center for Strategic Studies and ManagementAcselrad, H., Ecological-economic zoning in the Brazilian Amazon region: the imperfect panoptism (2004) Dialogues in Urban and Regional Planning, 1, pp. 156-179. , Stiftel B, Watson V, eds., New York: RoutledgeFearnside, P., Conservation policy in Brazilian Amazonia: understanding the dilemmas (2003) World Dev, 31, pp. 757-779Brondizio, E., Moran, E., Human dimensions of climate change: the vulnerability of small farmers in the Amazon (2008) Philos Trans R Soc, 363, pp. 1803-1809Soares-Filho, B., Moutinho, P., Nepstad, D., Anderson, A., Rodrigues, H., Garcia, R., Dietzsch, L., Hissa, L., Role of Brazilian Amazon protected areas in climate change mitigation (2010) PNAS, 107, pp. 10821-10826Viola, E., Brazilian climate policy since 2005: continuity, change and prospective (2013) CEPS Working Document, , The Centre for European Policy Studies(2011) Carta Aberta da Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência (SBPC) e da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC), , SBPC A.B.C., São Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência (SBPC), Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC)Souza Jr., P.T., Piedade, M.T.F., Candotti, E., Brazil's forest code puts wetlands at risk (2011) Nature, 478, p. 458Tollefson, J., Brazil revisits forest code: Changes to legislation could undermine authorities' power to halt deforestation (2011) Nature, 476, pp. 259-260Silva, J.A.A., Nobre, A.D., Manzatto, C.V., Joly, C.A., Rodrigues, R.R., Skorupa, L.A., Nobre, C.A., Sá, T.D.A., (2011) O Código Florestal e a ciência: contribuições para o diálogo, p. 124. , São Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira pra o Progresso da Ciência - SBPC, Academica Brasileira de Ciências - ABCWunder, S., Borner, J., Tito, M.R., Pereira, L.S., (2008) Pagamentos por serviços ambientais: perspectivas para a Amazônia Legal, , Brasília: Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) - BrasilForsyth, T., Sikor, T., Forests, development and the globalisation of justice (2013) Geogr J, 179, pp. 114-121Mitchell, S., Paranoid styles of nationalism after the cold war: notes from an invasion of the Amazon (2010) Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, pp. 89-103. , Kelly J, Jauregui B, Mitchell S, Walton J, eds. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Presshttp://www.imazon.org.br/pagina-inicial-en?set_language=en&cl=en, Imazon's Websitehttp://www.ipam.org.br/#, IPAM's Websitehttp://www.icv.org.br/, ICV's Websitehttp://www.fundoamazonia.gov.br/FundoAmazonia/fam/site_pt, Fundo Amazônia's Websitehttp://www.mma.gov.br/port/sca/arpa/, ARPA's Websit

South-south transnational advocacy: mobilizing against brazilian dams in the peruvian amazon

South-South transnational advocacy networks (SSTANs) targeting emerging states, Southern companies, and their supporting institutions warrant nuanced distinctions from traditional transnational advocacy networks that are heavily reliant on Northern actors and targets, particularly in terms of the strategies and arguments they employ. This article analyzes the dynamics of SSTANs through the case of an environmental campaign against Brazilian hydropower projects proposed in the Peruvian Amazon. It demonstrates how Southern actors are mobilizing against new and emerging patterns of South-South cooperation, which, despite occurring on unfamiliar institutional terrain, reproduces familiar asymmetrical power relations and socioenvironmental burdens1917798CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES88881.064958/2014-0188881.064958/2014-0