Lopinavir/ritonavir dosing during pregnancy in Brazil and maternal/infant laboratory abnormalities

OBJECTIVES: To describe laboratory abnormalities among HIV-infected women and their infants with standard and increased lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) dosing during the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: We evaluated data on pregnant women from NISDI cohorts (2002-2009) enrolled in Brazil, who received at least 28 days of LPV/r during the third pregnancy trimester and gave birth to singleton infants. RESULTS: 164 women received LPV/r standard dosing [(798/198 or 800/200 mg/day) (Group 1)] and 70 increased dosing [(> 800/200 mg/day) (Group 2)]. Group 1 was more likely to have advanced clinical disease and to use ARVs for treatment, and less likely to have CD4 counts > 500 cells/mm³. Mean plasma viral load was higher in Group 2. There were statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, differences between groups in mean AST, ALT, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The proportion of women with Grade 3 or 4 adverse events was very low, with no statistically significant differences between groups in severe adverse events related to ALT, AST, total bilirubin, cholesterol, or triglycerides. There were statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, differences between infant groups in ALT and creatinine. The proportion of infants with Grade 3 or 4 adverse events was very low, and there were no statistically significant differences in severe adverse events related to ALT, AST, BUN, or creatinine. CONCLUSION: The proportions of women and infants with severe laboratory adverse events were very low. Increased LPV/r dosing during the third trimester of pregnancy appears to be safe for HIV-infected women and their infants.Eunice Kennedy Shriver - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH

Vitamin A, vitamin E, iron and zinc status in a cohort of HIV-infected mothers and their uninfected infants

Introduction We hypothesized that nutritional deficiency would be common in a cohort of postpartum, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women and their infants. Methods Weight and height, as well as blood concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, ferritin, hemoglobin, and zinc, were measured in mothers after delivery and in their infants at birth and at 6-12 weeks and six months of age. Retinol and α-tocopherol levels were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography, and zinc levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The maternal body mass index during pregnancy was adjusted for gestational age (adjBMI). Results Among the 97 women 19.6% were underweight. Laboratory abnormalities were most frequently observed for the hemoglobin (46.4%), zinc (41.1%), retinol (12.5%) and ferritin (6.5%) levels. Five percent of the women had mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations \u3c 31g/dL. The most common deficiency in the infants was α-tocopherol (81%) at birth; however, only 18.5% of infants had deficient levels at six months of age. Large percentages of infants had zinc (36.8%) and retinol (29.5%) deficiencies at birth; however, these percentages decreased to 17.5% and 18.5%, respectively, by six months of age. No associations between infant micronutrient deficiencies and either the maternal adjBMI category or maternal micronutrient deficiencies were found. Conclusions Micronutrient deficiencies were common in HIV-infected women and their infants. Micronutrient deficiencies were less prevalent in the infants at six months of age. Neither underweight women nor their infants at birth were at increased risk for micronutrient deficiencies

Vitamin A, vitamin E, iron and zinc status in a cohort of HIV-infected mothers and their uninfected infants

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-21T17:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) jose_pilloto_etal_IOC_2014.pdf: 742032 bytes, checksum: c5d058fc5f09c53d02686fc8398f1dcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado. Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Departamento de Clínica Médica. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.Westat. Rockville, Maryland, USA.National Institute of Health. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch. Bethesda, Maryland, USA / The George Washington University School of Medicine. Department of Pediatrics. Division of Infectious Diseases. Washington, District of Columbia, USA.Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu. Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas. Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Westat. Rockville, Maryland, USA.Westat. Rockville, Maryland, USA.National Institute of Health. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.Introduction: We hypothesized that nutritional defi ciency would be common in a cohort of postpartum, human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV)-infected women and their infants. Methods: Weight and height, as well as blood concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, ferritin, hemoglobin, and zinc, were measured in mothers after delivery and in their infants at birth and at 6-12 weeks and six months of age. Retinol and α-tocopherol levels were quantifi ed by high performance liquid chromatography, and zinc levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The maternal body mass index during pregnancy was adjusted for gestational age (adjBMI). Results: Among the 97 women 19.6% were underweight. Laboratory abnormalities were most frequently observed for the hemoglobin (46.4%), zinc (41.1%), retinol (12.5%) and ferritin (6.5%) levels. Five percent of the women had mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations < 31g/dL. The most common defi ciency in the infants was α-tocopherol (81%) at birth; however, only 18.5% of infants had defi cient levels at six months of age. Large percentages of infants had zinc (36.8%) and retinol (29.5%) defi ciencies at birth; however, these percentages decreased to 17.5% and 18.5%, respectively, by six months of age. No associations between infant micronutrient defi ciencies and either the maternal adjBMI category or maternal micronutrient defi ciencies were found. Conclusions: Micronutrient defi ciencies were common in HIVinfected women and their infants. Micronutrient defi ciencies were less prevalent in the infants at six months of age. Neither underweight women nor their infants at birth were at increased risk for micronutrient defi ciencies