Development of an antioxidant formula based on peanut by-products and effects on sensory properties and aroma stability of fortified peanut snacks during storage

An antioxidant formula based on peanut skins and hulls, was developed and characterized for total and single polyphenols, and antioxidant power, considering the contribution provided by each peanut by‐product. Then, it was evaluated for its effect on sensory properties and aroma stability of peanut bars over a 100‐day period. To this purpose, snacks fortified and not with the natural additive were experimentally produced

High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC–PAD) and Chemometrics for Geographical and Floral Authentication of Honeys from Southern Italy (Calabria region)

High-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC–PAD) combined with chemometric analysis was developed to describe, for the first time, the sugar profile of sixty-one honeys of different botanical origin produced in southern Italy (Calabria Region). The principal component and linear discriminant analysis used to describe the variability of sugar data were able to discriminate the honeys according to their botanical origin with a correlation index higher than 90%. For the purpose of the robustness of the conclusions of this study, the analytical advantages of the HPAEC–PAD method have been statistically demonstrated compared to the official Italian HPLC–RI method (Refractive Index detection). Finally, as the characterization of the floral and geographical origin of honey became an important issue due to high consumer demand, 13 acacia honeys originating from Europe and China were studied by using the same method. By chemometric method it was possible to discriminate the different geographical origin with an index of 100%. All results proved the possibility to identify the sugar profile obtained by HPAEC–PAD combined with a robust statistical analysis, as a tool of authentication

High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) and Chemometrics for Geographical and Floral Authentication of Honeys from Southern Italy (Calabria region)

High-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) combined with chemometric analysis was developed to describe, for the first time, the sugar profile of sixty-one honeys of different botanical origin produced in southern Italy (Calabria Region). The principal component and linear discriminant analysis used to describe the variability of sugar data were able to discriminate the honeys according to their botanical origin with a correlation index higher than 90%. For the purpose of the robustness of the conclusions of this study, the analytical advantages of the HPAEC-PAD method have been statistically demonstrated compared to the official Italian HPLC-RI method (Refractive Index detection). Finally, as the characterization of the floral and geographical origin of honey became an important issue due to high consumer demand, 13 acacia honeys originating from Europe and China were studied by using the same method. By chemometric method it was possible to discriminate the different geographical origin with an index of 100%. All results proved the possibility to identify the sugar profile obtained by HPAEC-PAD combined with a robust statistical analysis, as a tool of authentication

Valorisation, Green Extraction Development, and Metabolomic Analysis of Wild Artichoke By-Product Using Pressurised Liquid Extraction UPLC-HRMS and Multivariate Data Analysis

Valorisation of food by-products has recently attracted considerable attention due to the opportunities to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the food production chain. Large quantities of non-edible parts of the artichoke plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) comprising leaves, stems, roots, bracts, and seeds are discarded annually during industrial processing. These by-products contain many phytochemicals such as dietary fibres, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, whereby the most challenging issue concerns about the recovery of high-added value components from these by-products. The aim of this work is to develop a novel valorisation strategy for the sustainable utilisation of artichoke leaves' waste, combining green pressurised-liquid extraction (PLE), spectrophotometric assays and UPLC-HRMS phytochemical characterization, to obtain bioactive-rich extract with high antioxidant capacity. Multivariate analysis of the major selected metabolites was used to compare different solvent extraction used in PLE

Insights into Analysis of Phenolic Secoiridoids in Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) containing more than 5 mg/20 g of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and their secoiridoids can be recognized with the health claim related to the protection of blood lipids from oxidative stress. Therefore, a reliable, accurate and standardized analytical procedure is needed to determine these markers of EVOO quality. In order to overcome the limitations of current methods, a detailed investigation of sample preparation and chromatographic conditions was performed by UHPLC-UV-HRMS. The use of C18 fused-core column and a non-acidified gradient elution provided single sharp peaks for oleocanthal and oleacein, allowing their reliable quantitation in UV profile. Positive and negative UHPLC-HRMS/MS characterization of methanolic extracts revealed the presence of dimethyl acetal, methyl hemiacetal and monohydrate derivatives of all secoiridoids. These artefacts were formed in aqueous methanol, usually employed to extract and analyse the EVOO phenols, making the HPLC profiles more complex and the measurements less accurate and reproducible. Acetonitrile proved to be a suitable solvent to avoid the formation of secoiridoid dimethyl acetals and methyl hemiacetals, and to efficiently extract EVOO bioactive phenols. Finally, the phenolic contents of Italian EVOO samples were determined by UHPLC-UV analysis of acetonitrile extracts before (direct method) and after acid hydrolysis (indirect method). The results indicated that the use of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol as reference standards allowed more accurate quantitative data to be obtained. Direct and indirect methods provided comparable levels of EVOO phenols, highlighting the usefulness of acid hydrolysis in routine analyses. The improved procedure defines the most reliable conditions to provide an analytical method with suitable accuracy and repeatability in the analysis of healthy and functional EVOO phenols

Different Diacetyl Perception Detected through MOX Sensors in Real-Time Analysis of Beer Samples

Beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage; with 177.5 million kiloliters produced every year, it is one of the most relevant food products. Diacetyl is a typical byproduct of yeast metabolism that is formed during the fermentation inside breweries. The perception of this high volatile and butter-like flavor molecule varies according to the kind of beer, from a positive and highly sought characteristic to a characteristic that is avoided. Furthermore, its toxicity when inhaled has been proven. Typical diacetyl analysis includes voltametric detection and chromatographic analysis techniques. Using metal oxide sensors (MOS), this analysis can become fast and cost-effective, evaluating the differences in diacetyl concentrations through resistance variation. The S3+ (Nano Sensor Systems s.r.l.; Reggio Emilia, Italy; device can recognize volatile compounds through a tailormade array of different materials. The results can be shown on a PCA that is directly generated by the instruments and can be used to manage the productive process through an IoT integrated system. Testing different beer typology through electrochemical sensors allows for the validation of this new approach for diacetyl evaluation. The results have shown an excellent ability to detect diacetyl in different beer samples, perfectly discriminating among different concentrations

Determination of phenolic compounds in honey using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Honey is a valuable functional food rich in phenolic compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Analysis of the phenolic compounds in honey is a very promising tool for the quality control, the authentication and characterization of botanical origin, and the nutraceutical research. This work describes a novel approach for the rapid analysis of five phenolic acids and 10 flavonoids in honey. Phenolic compounds were rapidly extracted and concentrated from diluted honey by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance detection (HPLC–UV). Some important parameters, such as the nature and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, pH and salt effect were carefully investigated and optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, an exhaustive extraction for twelve of the investigated analytes (recoveries >70%), with a precision (RSD < 10%) highly acceptable for complex matrices, and detection and quantification limits at ppb levels (1.4–12 and 4.7–40 ng g−1, respectively) were attained. The proposed method, compared with the most widely used method in the analysis of phenolic compounds in honey, provided similar or higher extraction efficiency, except in the case of the most hydrophilic phenolic acids. The capability of DLLME to the extraction of other honey phytochemicals, such as abscisic acid, was also demonstrated. The main advantages of developed method are the simplicity of operation, the rapidity to achieve a very high sample throughput and low cos

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples from Italy analysed by online-SPE UHPLC-MS/MS

The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in 69 milk samples collected in a south region of Italy in 2016 was evaluated. The samples were analysed using an automated method based on online SPE coupled with UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry. After a salt induced liquidâ\u80\u93liquid extraction with acetonitrile to remove protein from milk, the extract was diluted with water and analysed using an automated online SPE MS/MS method. Among the analysed samples no one had AFM1 higher than the legally allowable limits whereas 71.4% of the other analysed samples were above the LOD of the method. The highest contamination level of AFM1 was found in pasteurised milk (44.39 ng kgâ\u88\u921). The results show the worrying and widespread of AFM1 contamination, highlighting the necessity of monitoring studies in order to evaluate the reduction of the maximum legal limit

Characterisation of nutraceutical compounds from different parts of particular species of Citrus sinensis â\u80\u98Ovale Calabreseâ\u80\u99 by UHPLC-UV-ESI-HRMS

Consumers are aware of diet causing health problems and therefore there is an increased demand for natural ingredients that are expected to be safe and health-promoting. Many of these compounds belong to the class of flavonoids and can be divided into these five groups: flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones and anthocyanidins. Extracts from citrus fruits are usually used as functional ingredients for several products. The aim of this paper was to develop an UHPLC-UV-ESI-HRMS method to define the metabolite profile of different parts of citrus fruit, of a particular cultivar called â\u80\u98Ovale Calabreseâ\u80\u99, and in its main by-products. The high resolution mass spectrometry analysis allowed the identification of 27 compounds belonging to the classes of flavonoids and terpenoids. The high contents of phytochemical compounds, reveal the potential use of the â\u80\u98Ovale Calabreseâ\u80\u99 as a rich source of nutraceutical compounds

Ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for fast and accurate analysis of chloramphenicol in honey

Honey is a food produced from honey bee widely used for the sweetening power and for its biological properties. In order to prevent the infection of the hive, different xenobiotics (antibiotics, pesticide) were frequently employed. One of these substances is the chloramphenicol, that given its chemical stability could often found in food. Chloramphenicol have several side effects in humans after their ingestion and for this reason their intake must be avoid. The aim of this study, was developed an ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method coupled with UHPLC MS/MS determination, for fast and accurate analysis of chloramphenicol in honey. The parameters affecting on extraction efficiency were carefully optimized using an experimental design in order to maximized the recovery reducing matrix effects. After the optimization the method was validated and successfully applied to 66 honey samples