Investigating the relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and postpartum depression in Chinese women: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is associated with several psychological and obstetric factors. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been linked with a high risk of depression, but little is known about the relationship between maternal HBV infection and PPD. We aimed to investigate the association between HBV infection and PPD.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 3,808 mothers who gave birth in a hospital in southern China. Self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine whether maternal HBV infection was associated with PPD risk.ResultsOf the 3,808 participants, 11.9% of mothers had PPD at 6 weeks postpartum. Two hundred and seventy-eight (7.3%) and 3,530 (92.7%) were in the HBV and control groups, respectively. Women with HBV infection were more likely to test positive for PPD (14.7 vs.11.7%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HBV-infected women did not have a significantly higher incidence of PPD (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.82–1.84) than those without HBV infection in the study cohort. Parity and postpartum hemorrhage were found to be associated with PPD. In addition, our study showed that e antigen positivity was not associated with PPD risk (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.19–1.63).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the relationship between maternal HBV infection and PPD. In a cohort of women without prior history or family history of mental illness, having HBV infection was not significantly associated with self-reporting of PPD compared to not having HBV infection

Maternal hepatitis B surface antigen carrier status increased the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background The relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the association between maternal HBsAg-positive status and GDM. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed on the pregnant women who delivered from June 2012 to May 2016 at Wuhan Medical Care Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, China. We compared the incidence of GDM between HBsAg-positive pregnant women and HBsAg-negative controls. A multivariate regression model was used to measure the independent association between maternal HBsAg carrier and the risk of developing GDM. Results In total, 964 HBsAg-positive pregnant women and 964 HBsAg-negative women were included into the study. We observed maternal HBsAg carrier (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.03), age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.10) and family history of diabetes (OR 3.97, 95% CI 2.05–7.67) had an independent risk for GDM in multivariable logistical regression model. However, no significant association was found between HBeAg carrier status, other HBV markers or viral load in pregnancy and the incidence of GDM. Conclusions Our results indicated that maternal HBsAg carriage is an independent risk factor for GDM, but viral activity indicated by HBeAg status and viral load is not the main reason for this phenomenon. Further studies are warranted to clarify the possible mechanisms behind such association of HBV infection and the additional risk of GDM

Millimeter-Wave Bat for Mapping and Quantifying Micromotions in Full Field of View

Echolocating bats possess remarkable capability of multitarget spatial localization and micromotion sensing in a full field of view (FFOV) even in cluttered environments. Artificial technologies with such capability are highly desirable for various fields. However, current techniques such as visual sensing and laser scanning suffer from numerous fundamental problems. Here, we develop a bioinspired concept of millimeter-wave (mmWave) full-field micromotion sensing, creating a unique mmWave Bat (“mmWBat”), which can map and quantify tiny motions spanning macroscopic to μm length scales of full-field targets simultaneously and accurately. In mmWBat, we show that the micromotions can be measured via the interferometric phase evolution tracking from range-angle joint dimension, integrating with full-field localization and tricky clutter elimination. With our approach, we demonstrate the capacity to solve challenges in three disparate applications: multiperson vital sign monitoring, full-field mechanical vibration measurement, and multiple sound source localization and reconstruction (radiofrequency microphone). Our work could potentially revolutionize full-field micromotion monitoring in a wide spectrum of applications, while may inspiring novel biomimetic wireless sensing systems

Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in China: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health problem worldwide, which adversely affects maternal and infant health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression in Chinese puerperium women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital located in the west of Shenzhen, China. The Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen PPD. A score of >= 10 was used as the threshold of postpartum depression. Results: A total of 4813 puerperal women were included in this study, 11.5% of whom were considered to have PPD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that family history of mental illness (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.05-3.57; P = 0.033), living with parents-in-law (OR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16-1.72; P < 0.001), anxiety during pregnancy (OR = 3.66; 95% CI, 2.97-4. 52; P < 0.001), depression during pregnancy (OR = 4.25; 95% CI, 3.28-5.50; P < 0.001), and stressful life events (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.03-2.20; P = 0.036) were associated with the high prevalence of PPD. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey cannot assess direct causality. EPDS is just a screening tool and not a diagnostic one. Conclusion: Postpartum depression is a common disease in Chinese puerperal population. High-risk pregnant women with postpartum depression need routine screening and targeted intervention for PPD

Characteristics and clinical treatment outcomes of chronic hepatitis B children with coexistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg

Abstract Background The coexistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) represents an uncommon serological pattern observed in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and its underlying mechanism and clinical significance have not been well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between this serological profile and clinical treatment outcomes in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods This retrospective cohort study included 372 treatment-naïve CHB children from the Hunan Children’s Hospital. The participants were categorized into HBsAb-positive group and HBsAb-negative group. The associations between HBsAb positive status to clinical outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression. Receiver operating characteristic curve was conducted to evaluate the prediction ability in HBsAg loss. Results The coexistence of HBsAg and HBsAb accounted for 23.39% (87/372) of the participants. The crude incidence rates of HBsAg loss, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance, and HBV-DNA undetectability were higher in the HBsAb-positive group compared with the HBsAb-negative group (37.46 vs. 17.37, 49.51 vs. 28.66, 92.11 vs. 66.54 per 100 person-years, respectively, all P < 0.05). The Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between this serological profile and an increased likelihood of HBsAg loss (HR = 1.78, P = 0.001), and HBeAg clearance (HR = 1.78, P = 0.001). In addition, a combination of HBsAb ≥ 0.84 log10 IU/L and age ≤ 5 years can help identify patients likely to achieve HBsAg loss after antiviral therapy, with an AUC of 0.71. Conclusions Children who are positive for both HBsAg and HBsAb demonstrate a higher probability of favorable outcomes after antiviral treatment. Thus, children with HBsAb-positive CHB should be actively treated to achieve functional cure

Additional file 1 of Characteristics and clinical treatment outcomes of chronic hepatitis B children with coexistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg

Additional file 1: Table S1. Multivariate analysis of HBsAb-positive status at baseline. Table S2. Crude incidence rate (per 100 PY) of ALT normalization. Figure S1. Kaplan-Meier curves of ALT normalization between HBsAb-positive group and HBsAb-negative group

Living With Parents-In-Law Increased the Risk of Postpartum Depression in Chinese Women

Background: A variety of psychological and socioeconomic factors contribute to the development of postpartum depression (PPD). However, the relationship between maternal living arrangements and PPD is unclear.Objective: To assess the relationship between maternal living arrangements and PPD in Chinese population.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among puerperal women delivered in Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Shenzhen, China. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PPD. A score of >= 10 was used as the threshold for postpartum depression.Results: A total of 4,813 women were recruited, of whom 2,535 (52.7%) lived only with their husbands, 664 (13.8%) lived with their parents, and 1,614 (33.5%) lived with their parents-in-law. Compared with women who lived with husbands, puerperal women who lived with their parents-in-law were more likely to be positive for PPD screening (14.1 vs. 10.5%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for other influencing factors, living with parents-in-law was significantly associated with the risk of PPD (OR = 1.38, 95% CI, 1.12-1.70). Additionally, stratification analyses showed that the association between living with parents-in-law and the presence of PPD was more significant in women with anxiety during pregnancy (P for interaction <0.05).Conclusions and Relevance: Our data confirms that the maternal living arrangements affect the risk of PPD, especially among women with anxiety during pregnancy. Therefore, more targeted preventive measures should be taken for postpartum depression in women who live with their parents-in-law