Trace Determination of Dichlorvos in Environmental Samples by Room Temperature Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid-Phase Microextraction Combined with HPLC

Using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM] [PF6]) room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) as extraction solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF) as disperser solvent, the organophosphorus pesticide dichlorvos in water was determined by dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Factors affecting RTIL -DLLME (type of disperser solvent, amount of RTIL, volume of disperser solvent, percentage of NaCl and volume and pH of water sample) were optimized by the single-factor method, obtaining the most favorable results when using 65 mL of [BMIM][PF6] and 260 mL of THF to extract the compound from an 8-mL water sample at pH 5.0 containing 25% (w/v) of NaCl. Under these optimum conditions, an enrichment factor of 215-fold was obtained. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 2-1,000 mg/L. The limit of detection calculated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.2 mg/L. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for six replicate experiments at 20, 100 and 200 mg/L concentration levels were 1.8%, 1.3% and 1.3 %, respectively. Then the proposed method was applied to the analysis of three different water sample sources (tap, farm and rain water) and the relative recoveries and RSD of spiked water samples were 95.6-102.4% and 0.6 -3.1%, respectively, at three different concentration levels of 20, 100 and 200 mg/L

Water pollutant fingerprinting tracks recent industrial transfer from coastal to inland China: a case study

In recent years, China’s developed regions have transferred industries to undeveloped regions. Large numbers of unlicensed or unregistered enterprises are widespread in these undeveloped regions and they are subject to minimal regulation. Current methods for tracing industrial transfers in these areas, based on enterprise registration information or economic surveys, do not work. The authors have developed an analytical framework combining water fingerprinting and evolutionary analysis to trace the pollution transfer features between water sources. We collected samples in Eastern China (industrial export) and Central China (industrial acceptance) separately from two water systems. Based on the water pollutant fingerprints and evolutionary trees, we traced the pollution transfer associated with industrial transfer between the two areas. The results are consistent with four episodes of industrial transfers over the past decade. The results also show likely types of the transferred industries - electronics, plastics, and biomedicines - that contribute to the water pollution transfer

Occurrence of Regulated and Emerging Iodinated DBPs in the Shanghai Drinking Water

10.1371/journal.pone.0059677PLoS ONE83

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Aggravates Renal Injury through Cytokines and Direct Renal Injury

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between renal injury and reinfection that is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and to analyze the mechanism of renal injury. Rats were repeatedly infected with RSV on days 4, 8, 14, and 28, then sacrificed and examined on day 56 after the primary infection. Renal injury was examined by transmission electron microscopy and histopathology. The F protein of RSV was detected in the renal tissue by indirect immunofluorescence. Proteinuria and urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), serum levels of albumin, urea nitrogen, and creatinine, secretion of cytokines, T lymphocyte population and subsets, and dendritic cell (DC) activation state were examined. The results showed that renal injury was more serious in the reinfection group than in the primary infection group. At a higher infection dose, 6×106 PFU, the renal injury was more severe, accompanied by higher levels of proteinuria and urinary GAGs excretion, and lower levels of serum albumin. Podocyte foot effacement was more extensive, and hyperplasia of mesangial cells and proliferation of mesangial matrix were observed. The maturation state of DCs was specific, compared with the primary infection. There was also a decrease in the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+T lymphocytes, due to an increase in the percentage of CD8+T lymphocytes and a decrease in the percentage of CD4+T lymphocytes, and a dramatic increase in the levels of IL-6 and IL-17. In terms of the different reinfection times, the day 14 reinfection group yielded the most serious renal injury and the most significant change in immune function. RSV F protein was still expressed in the glomeruli 56 days after RSV infection. Altogether, these results reveal that RSV infection could aggravate renal injury, which might be due to direct renal injury caused by RSV and the inflammatory lesions caused by the anti-virus response induced by RSV

The Moderating Role of Sociability and Social Connection for the Relationship between Soccer Participation and Teamwork Ability among Chinese College Students

In order to provide empirical evidence for soccer’s promotion of teamwork ability and to examine whether sociability and social connection have an effect on this promotion, we explored the relationship between soccer participation (volume, duration), teamwork ability and sociability and social connection (SSC). Using the method of stratified sampling, a questionnaire survey was carried out in four universities in Shanghai. All the respondents are undergraduate students, which include the specially recruited soccer athletes and the soccer participants from ordinary college students. The findings from this study indicate that participating in soccer can positively predict the teamwork ability of college students, and SSC can negatively moderate the effect of soccer participation on teamwork ability. The effect of soccer participation on teamwork ability was different in the collegiate soccer athletes and collegiate soccer participants groups. An important value of soccer, which is often overlooked, is the help it provides college students, who have insufficient sociability and social connections, in better integrating into the team and in improving their teamwork ability. We highly recommend that college students participate in soccer to improve their teamwork skills in study and work and to better prepare for their careers

Antagonist Muscle Prefatigue Increases the Intracortical Communication between Contralateral Motor Cortices during Elbow Extension Contraction

To investigate the cortico-cortical coupling changes related to antagonist muscle prefatigue, we recorded EEG at FC3, C3, FC4, and C4 electrodes of twelve young male volunteers during a 30-second-long, nonfatiguing isometric elbow extension contraction with a target force level of 20% MVC before and after a sustained fatiguing elbow flexion contraction until task failure. EEG-EEG phase synchronization indices in alpha and beta frequency bands were calculated for the pre- and postfatigue elbow extension contractions. The phase synchronization index in the beta frequency band was found significantly increased between EEG of FC3-C3. The increased phase synchronization index may reflect an enhanced intracortical communication or integration of the signals between contralateral motor cortices with antagonist muscle prefatigue, which may be related to the central modulation so as to compensate for the antagonist muscle prefatigue-induced joint instability

An Improved Passing Network for Evaluating Football Team Performance

With the continuous development of sensor technology, the realization of football techniques and tactics comes with richer technical support. Among them, network analysis has been widely used to analyze passing behavior, and some results have been achieved. However, most of these studies directly determine the weight of passing sidelines between players by measuring the number of passes, without carefully considering the potential contribution value of a single pass. In view of this problem, we carried out the following work: (1) map the football field to the coordinate system, calculate the endpoint coordinates of each pass, and take the coordinates as coefficients to obtain the weighted value of a single channel, and then calculate all channels together to achieve a directional channel network. (2) On this network, for the team evaluation that is difficult to quantify, we suggest that the ratio of the average clustering coefficient to the average intermediate centrality be taken as the overall network index to measure the coordination of the football team’s performance. (3) We tested the proposed index with two scores. The index passed the correlation and sensitivity tests, which proves that it is helpful for explaining the coordination level of the team and has certain reference value for the evaluation of the competitiveness of the football team