The Shortest Duration Constrained Hidden Markov Model: data denoise and forecast optimization on the country-product matrix for the Fitness-Complexity Algorithm

The Economic Fitness Index describes industrial completeness and comprehensively reflects product diversification with competitiveness and product complexity in production globalization. The Fitness-Complexity Algorithm offers a scientific approach to predicting GDP and obtains fruitful results. As a recursion algorithm, the non-linear iteration processes give novel insights into product complexity and country fitness without noise data. However, the Country-Product Matrix and Revealed Comparative Advantage data have abnormal noises which contradict the relative stability of product diversity and the transformation of global production. The data noise entering the iteration algorithm, combined with positively related Fitness and Complexity, will be amplified in each recursion step. We introduce the Shortest Duration Constrained Hidden Markov Model (SDC-HMM) to denoise the Country-Product Matrix for the first time. After the country-product matrix test, the country case test, the noise estimation test and the panel regression test of national economic fitness indicators to predict GDP growth, we show that the SDC-HMM could reduce abnormal noise by about 25% and identify change points. This article provides intra-sample predictions that theoretically confirm that the SDC-HMM can improve the effectiveness of economic fitness indicators in interpreting economic growth

The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas belongs to one of the most species-rich but genomically poorly explored phyla, the Mollusca. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the oyster genome using short reads and a fosmid-pooling strategy, along with transcriptomes of development and stress response and the proteome of the shell. The oyster genome is highly polymorphic and rich in repetitive sequences, with some transposable elements still actively shaping variation. Transcriptome studies reveal an extensive set of genes responding to environmental stress. The expansion of genes coding for heat shock protein 70 and inhibitors of apoptosis is probably central to the oyster's adaptation to sessile life in the highly stressful intertidal zone. Our analyses also show that shell formation in molluscs is more complex than currently understood and involves extensive participation of cells and their exosomes. The oyster genome sequence fills a void in our understanding of the Lophotrochozoa. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

A REPLACEMENT OF ETHERNET SWICTH FOR NETWORKED TELEMETRY SYSTEM

Ethernet is a common practice to reconstruct a networked telemetry system. However, Ethernet switch cannot best meet the requirement of data transportation in a telemetry system because of its asynchronous mode and the uncertainty of latency time. In addition, the temporal order of the telemetry data will be disrupted when using an Ethernet switch. A device similar to Ethernet switch is presented in this paper, which can transport data synchronously without losing the original temporal order of the telemetry data. Meantime, a special condition is arranged by the device that the timing signal could be transmit from the device to the receiver in a certain delay time, so a timing mechanism derived from IEEE 1588 PTP protocol could be adopted for high accuracy of timing and synchronous sampling control.International Foundation for TelemeteringProceedings from the International Telemetering Conference are made available by the International Foundation for Telemetering and the University of Arizona Libraries. Visit http://www.telemetry.org/index.php/contact-us if you have questions about items in this collection

CTT: CNN Meets Transformer for Tracking

Siamese networks are one of the most popular directions in the visual object tracking based on deep learning. In Siamese networks, the feature pyramid network (FPN) and the cross-correlation complete feature fusion and the matching of features extracted from the template and search branch, respectively. However, object tracking should focus on the global and contextual dependencies. Hence, we introduce a delicate residual transformer structure which contains a self-attention mechanism called encoder-decoder into our tracker as the part of neck. Under the encoder-decoder structure, the encoder promotes the interaction between the low-level features extracted from the target and search branch by the CNN to obtain global attention information, while the decoder replaces cross-correlation to send global attention information into the head module. We add a spatial and channel attention component in the target branch, which can further improve the accuracy and robustness of our proposed model for a low price. Finally, we detailly evaluate our tracker CTT on GOT-10k, VOT2019, OTB-100, LaSOT, NfS, UAV123 and TrackingNet benchmarks, and our proposed method obtains competitive results with the state-of-the-art algorithms

X (2007) Loss of allele diversity in introduced populations of the hermaphroditic bay scallop Argopecten irradians. Aquaculture 271

Abstract The bay scallop Argopecten irradians is a hermaphroditic bivalve native to the Atlantic coast of the United States that was introduced to China for aquaculture production in 1982. It now supports a major aquaculture industry in China. Introduced species often start with limited genetic variability, which is problematic for the further selective breeding. Bay scallop aquaculture is exclusively hatchery based and as the initial introduction consisted of only 26 scallops, there have been concerns about inbreeding and inbreeding depression in cultured populations in China. In this study, eleven simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to compare genetic variation in cultured populations from China with that in a natural population from the east coast of America. Although the difference in heterozygosity was small, the Chinese populations lost 9 of the 45 alleles (20%) found in the wild population. The reduced allele diversity suggests that the Chinese bay scallop populations experienced a bottleneck in genetic diversity that remains significant despite several recent introductions of new stocks aimed at expanding the gene pool. The loss of allele diversity may affect future efforts in selective breeding and domestication, and results of this study highlight the need for additional introductions, advanced breeding programs that minimize inbreeding and continued genetic monitoring

Insulin promotes progression of colon cancer by upregulation of ACAT1

Abstract Background Insulin resistant and the progression of cancer is closely related. The aim of this study was to  investigate the effect of insulin on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods Colon carcinoma tissues from the 80 cases of colon cancer patients were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase1 (ACAT1), and we analyzed the correlation between hyperglycemia and ACAT1, hyperglycemia and metastasis. CCK8 assay and transwell assay were used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of insulin and ACAT1siRNA on human colon cancer cell line HT-29. ACAT1 mRNA expression and protein level in HT-29 cells were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results Biopsies from patients with colon carcinoma showed hyperglycemia links ACAT1, lymph nodes metastasis and distant metastasis. Insulin markedly promoted cell proliferation and migration in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Moreover, ACAT1mRNA expression and protein level were increased by insulin. ACAT1siRNA resulted in a complete inhibition of the ACAT1 mRNA expression. Consequently insulin-triggered cell proliferation and migration on colon cancer cells were inhibited. Conclusion The progression of colon cancer has a positive correlation with hyperinsulinemia. Insulin-triggered cell proliferation and metastatic effects on colorectal cancer cells are mediated by ACAT1. Therefore, insulin could promote colon cancer progression by upregulation of ACAT1, which maybe is a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer

Strategic planning for drought mitigation under climate change

Droughts continue to be a major natural hazard, and mounting evidence of global warming confronts society with a pressing question: Will climate change aggravate the risk of drought at the local scale? Are current infrastructures sufficient to mitigate the damage of future drought, or is in-advance infrastructure expansion needed for future drought preparedness? To address these questions, this study presents a decision-support framework based on a coupled simulation and stochastic optimization model through a case study area, the Frenchman Creek basin (FCB), part of the Republican River basin. A complex watershed simulation model is established and converted into a statistical surrogate model for computational feasibility. Decisions for drought preparedness include traditional short-term tactical measures (e.g., facility operation) and long-term or in-advance strategic measures, which require capital investment. A scenario-based, three-stage stochastic optimization model assesses the roles of strategic measures and tactical measures in drought preparedness and mitigation. Modeling scenarios of the future climate are developed from multiple general circulation models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs) under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios to represent the various possible climatic conditions in the midterm (2040s) and long-term (2090s) time horizons. The result of the case study shows that current facilities are not enough to mitigate the damage under future climate conditions, indicating the requirement for infrastructure investment; meanwhile, socioeconomic factors (represented by the discount rate) complicate the decision along the planning horizon