Optimal Parameter Extraction Scheme of Current Sources and Bias Dependent Elements for HBT by searching the whole unknown Parameter Space

New analytical expressions for the dynamic resistance,transconductance,base-collector internal capacitance,and base-emitter internal capacitance are derived.And a new scheme,to extract the current source parameters,thermal parameter,and small signal parameters at multiple bias points on the normal active region,is developed.The proposed parameter extraction method is robust and very fast.Based on these equations, we propose a new scheme to find out the optimal solution by searching for a full-unknown parameter space.The search space corresponds to 1.17x10 8 points on the error surface, and it takes 12.6 hours to get an optimal model parameters using a 2GHz-desktop PC.This scheme is helpful for the modeling of HBT excluding the local minimum problem in the gradient optimization method and the inaccuracies in the direct extraction method

In vivo impact of a 4 bp deletion mutation in the DLX3 gene on bone development

AbstractDistal-less 3 (DLX3) gene mutations are etiologic for Tricho-Dento-Osseous syndrome. To investigate the in vivo impact of mutant DLX3 on bone development, we established transgenic (TG) mice expressing the c.571_574delGGGG DLX-3 gene mutation (MT-DLX3) driven by a mouse 2.3 Col1A1 promoter. Microcomputed tomographic analyses demonstrated markedly increased trabecular bone volume and bone mineral density in femora from TG mice. In ex vivo experiments, TG mice showed enhanced differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to osteoblasts and increased expression levels of bone formation markers. However, TG mice did not show enhanced dynamic bone formation rates in in vivo fluorochrome double labeling experiments. Osteoclastic differentiation capacities of bone marrow monocytes were reduced in TG mice in the presence of osteoclastogenic factors and the numbers of TRAP(+) osteoclasts on distal metaphyseal trabecular bone surfaces were significantly decreased. TRACP 5b and CTX serum levels were significantly decreased in TG mice, while IFN-γ levels were significantly increased. These data demonstrate that increased levels of IFN-γ decrease osteoclast bone resorption activities, contributing to the enhanced trabecular bone volume and mineral density in these TG mice. These data suggest a novel role for this DLX-3 mutation in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption

Crystal Structures of the HslVU Peptidase–ATPase Complex Reveal an ATP-Dependent Proteolysis Mechanism

AbstractBackground: The bacterial heat shock locus HslU ATPase and HslV peptidase together form an ATP-dependent HslVU protease. Bacterial HslVU is a homolog of the eukaryotic 26S proteasome. Crystallographic studies of HslVU should provide an understanding of ATP-dependent protein unfolding, translocation, and proteolysis by this and other ATP-dependent proteases.Results: We present a 3.0 Å resolution crystal structure of HslVU with an HslU hexamer bound at one end of an HslV dodecamer. The structure shows that the central pores of the ATPase and peptidase are next to each other and aligned. The central pore of HslU consists of a GYVG motif, which is conserved among protease-associated ATPases. The binding of one HslU hexamer to one end of an HslV dodecamer in the 3.0 Å resolution structure opens both HslV central pores and induces asymmetric changes in HslV.Conclusions: Analysis of nucleotide binding induced conformational changes in the current and previous HslU structures suggests a protein unfolding–coupled translocation mechanism. In this mechanism, unfolded polypeptides are threaded through the aligned pores of the ATPase and peptidase and translocated into the peptidase central chamber

Cooperative Jahn-Teller transition and resonant x-ray scattering in thin film LaMnO3{\rm LaMnO_3}

Epitaxial thin films of stoichiometric ${\rm LaMnO_3}$ were grown on ${\rm SrTiO_3(110)}$ substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique. From the high resolution x-ray diffraction measurements, the lattice parameters were determined as a function of temperature and the cooperative Jahn-Teller transition was found to occur at $T_{JT}$=573.0 K. Also measured was resonant x-ray scattering intensity of the orthorhombic (100) peak of ${\rm LaMnO_3}$ near the Mn K edge from low temperatures to above $T_{JT}$. We demonstrate that the integrated intensity of the (100) peak is proportional to the 3/2 power of the orthorhombic strain at all temperatures, and thus provide an experimental evidence that the resonant scattering near the Mn K edge in ${\rm LaMnO_3}$ is largely due to the Jahn-Teller effect.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Schroedinger cat-like states by conditional measurements on a beam-splitter

A scheme for generating Schr\"{o}dinger cat-like states of a single-mode optical field by means of conditional measurement is proposed. Feeding into a beam splitter a squeezed vacuum and counting the photons in one of the output channels, the conditional states in the other output channel exhibit a number of properties that are very similar to those of superpositions of two coherent states with opposite phases. We present analytical and numerical results for the photon-number and quadrature-component distributions of the conditional states and their Wigner and Husimi functions. Further, we discuss the effect of realistic photocounting on the states.Comment: 6 figures(divided in subfigures) using a4.st

The association of smoking and socioeconomic status on cutaneous melanoma: a population‐based, data‐linkage, case–control study

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have identified an inverse association between melanoma and smoking; however, data from population-based studies are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between smoking and socioeconomic (SES) on the risk of development of melanoma. Furthermore, we sought to determine the implications of smoking and SES on survival. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study. Cases were identified from the Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit (WCISU) during 2000-2015 and controls from the general population. Smoking and SES were obtained from data linkage with other national databases. The association of smoking status and SES on the incidence of melanoma were assessed using binary logistic regression. Multivariate survival analysis was performed on a melanoma cohort using a Cox proportional hazard model using survival as the outcome. RESULTS: During 2000-2015, 9636 patients developed melanoma. Smoking data were obtained for 7124 (73·9%) of these patients. There were 26 408 controls identified from the general population. Smoking was inversely associated with melanoma incidence [odds ratio (OR) 0·70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·65-0·76]. Smoking was associated with an increased overall mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1·30, 95% CI 1·09-1·55], but not associated with melanoma-specific mortality. Patients with higher SES had an increased association with melanoma incidence (OR 1·58, 95% CI 1·44-1·73). Higher SES was associated with an increased chance of both overall (HR 0·67, 95% CI 0·56-0·81) and disease-specific survival (HR 0·69, 95% CI 0·53-0·90). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has demonstrated that smoking appeared to be associated with reduced incidence of melanoma. Although smoking increases overall mortality, no association was observed with melanoma-specific mortality. Further work is required to determine if there is a biological mechanism underlying this relationship or an alternative explanation, such as survival bias. What's already known about this topic? Previous studies have been contradictory with both negative and positive associations between smoking and the incidence of melanoma reported. Previous studies have either been limited by publication bias because of selective reporting or underpowered. What does this study add? Our large study identified an inverse association between smoking status and melanoma incidence. Although smoking status was negatively associated with overall disease survival, no significant association was noted in melanoma-specific survival. Socioeconomic status remains closely associated with melanoma. Although higher socioeconomic populations are more likely to develop the disease, patients with lower socioeconomic status continue to have a worse prognosis

Role of baryonic resonances in the dilepton emission in nucleon-nucleon collisions

Within an effective Lagrangian model, we present calculations for cross sections of the dilepton production in proton-proton and proton-neutron collisions at laboratory kinetic energies in 1-5 GeV range. Production amplitudes include contributions from the nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung as well as from the mechanism of excitation, propagation, and radiative decay of Delta(1232) and N*(1520) intermediate baryonic resonances. It is found that the delta isobar terms dominate the cross sections in the entire considered beam energy range. Our calculations are able to explain the data of the DLS collaboration on the dilepton production in proton-proton collisions for beam energies below 1.3 GeV. However, for incident energies higher than this the inclusion of contributions from other dilepton sources like Dalitz decay of pi0 and eta mesons, and direct decay of rho and omega mesons is necessary to describe the data.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, more details of the calculations added, version to appear in Phys. Rev

Recognition of the Phanerozoic “Young Granite Gneiss” in the central Yeongnam Massif

Up to now, all the high-grade gneisses of the Korean peninsula have been regarded as Precambrian basement rocks and presence of the Phanerozoic high-grade metamorphic rocks have remained unknown. However, such granite gneiss is discovered through this study from the central Yeongnam massif near Gimcheon. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age determinations on the granite gneiss, having well-developed gneissic foliations and migmatitic textures, reveal concordant age of ca. 250 Ma indicating the Early Triassic emplacement of this pluton, which is in contradict to the previous belief that it is a Precambrian product. Even though the granite gneiss reveals well-developed gneissic foliations and some zircons show rather low Th/U ratios, the metamorphic age has not been determined successfully. However, the age of metamorphism can be constrained as middle Triassic considering the absence of any evidences of metamorphism from the nearby granitic plutons having emplacement ages of ca. 225 Ma. Early Triassic emplacement and subsequent Middle Triassic metamorphism of the granite gneiss from the Yeongnam massif bear a remarkable resemblance to the case of South China block. We suggest the possibility that Early to Middle Triassic metamorphism of the Korean peninsula might be products of the intracontinental collisional events not directly related with the Early Triassic continental collision event

Probing exotic phenomena at the interface of nuclear and particle physics with the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms: A unique window to hadronic and semi-leptonic CP violation

The current status of electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms which involves the synergy between atomic experiments and three different theoretical areas -- particle, nuclear and atomic is reviewed. Various models of particle physics that predict CP violation, which is necessary for the existence of such electric dipole moments, are presented. These include the standard model of particle physics and various extensions of it. Effective hadron level combined charge conjugation (C) and parity (P) symmetry violating interactions are derived taking into consideration different ways in which a nucleon interacts with other nucleons as well as with electrons. Nuclear structure calculations of the CP-odd nuclear Schiff moment are discussed using the shell model and other theoretical approaches. Results of the calculations of atomic electric dipole moments due to the interaction of the nuclear Schiff moment with the electrons and the P and time-reversal (T) symmetry violating tensor-pseudotensor electron-nucleus are elucidated using different relativistic many-body theories. The principles of the measurement of the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms are outlined. Upper limits for the nuclear Schiff moment and tensor-pseudotensor coupling constant are obtained combining the results of atomic experiments and relativistic many-body theories. The coefficients for the different sources of CP violation have been estimated at the elementary particle level for all the diamagnetic atoms of current experimental interest and their implications for physics beyond the standard model is discussed. Possible improvements of the current results of the measurements as well as quantum chromodynamics, nuclear and atomic calculations are suggested.Comment: 46 pages, 19 tables and 16 figures. A review article accepted for EPJ