The crystal structure of thiourea nitrate

The structure of thiourea nitrate has been determined by three-dimensional X-ray methods. Both Cu Ke and Mo K~ data were obtained with a single-crystal diffractometer and the final R values are 4.9% and 5.5% respectively. The space group is P211m and there are two molecules in the unit cell. All atoms, including hydrogen, lie on mirror planes. The whole structure is built up of layers of atoms, the atoms within each layer being linked by a network of hydrogen bonds

Intrinsic Charm Flavor and Helicity Content in the Proton

Contributions to the quark flavor and spin observables from the intrinsic charm in the proton are discussed in the SU(4) quark meson fluctuation model. Our results suggest that the probability of finding the intrinsic charm in the proton is less than 1%. The intrinsic charm helicity is small and negative, $\Delta c \simeq -(0.003\sim 0.015)$. The fraction of the total quark helicity carried by the intrinsic charm is less than 2%, and c_\up/c_\dw=35/67.Comment: 4 pages, 2 tables (revised version

Pulsar Velocity with Three-Neutrino Oscillations in Non-adiabatic Processes

We have studied the position dependence of neutrino energy on the Kusenko-Segr\`{e} mechanism as an explanation of the proper motion of pulsars. The mechanism is also examined in three-generation mixing of neutrinos and in a non-adiabatic case. The position dependence of neutrino energy requires the higher value of magnetic field such as $B\sim 3\times 10^{15}$ Gauss in order to explain the observed proper motion of pulsars. It is shown that possible non-adiabatic processes decrease the neutrino momentum asymmetry, whereas an excess of electron neutrino flux over other flavor neutrino fluxes increases the neutrino momentum asymmetry. It is also shown that a general treatment with all three neutrinos does not modify the result of the two generation treatment if the standard neutrino mass hierarchy is assumed.Comment: 8 pages, REVTEX, no figure

Business integration models in the context of web services.

E-commerce development and applications have been bringing the Internet to business and marketing and reforming our current business styles and processes. The rapid development of the Web, in particular, the introduction of the semantic web and web service technologies, enables business processes, modeling and management to enter an entirely new stage. Traditional web based business data and transactions can now be analyzed, extracted and modeled to discover new business rules and to form new business strategies, let alone mining the business data in order to classify customers or products. In this paper, we investigate and analyze the business integration models in the context of web services using a micro-payment system because a micro-payment system is considered to be a service intensive activity, where many payment tasks involve different forms of services, such as payment method selection for buyers, security support software, product price comparison, etc. We will use the micro-payment case to discuss and illustrate how the web services approaches support and transform the business process and integration model.

Geometric Phase, Hannay's Angle, and an Exact Action Variable

Canonical structure of a generalized time-periodic harmonic oscillator is studied by finding the exact action variable (invariant). Hannay's angle is defined if closed curves of constant action variables return to the same curves in phase space after a time evolution. The condition for the existence of Hannay's angle turns out to be identical to that for the existence of a complete set of (quasi)periodic wave functions. Hannay's angle is calculated, and it is shown that Berry's relation of semiclassical origin on geometric phase and Hannay's angle is exact for the cases considered.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (revised version