Clinical outcomes of closed, displaced phalangeal neck fractures in children with different types of kirschner wire fixation: A retrospective observational study

ObjectivesInappropriate treatment of Closed displaced phalangeal neck fractures (CDPNF) in children usually leads to poor outcomes.This study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of closed/open reduction, age, and different types of fracture and Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation in the treatment of CDPNF.Materials and methodsParticipants: Sixty patients (male, 46 and female,14; right-handed, 35 and left-handed, 25; mean age, 7.9-years-old [range, 1.0–14.5 years]) who had CDPNF were included. Preoperative x-rays showed that the fractures were displaced and exhibited obvious deformities. Interventions: First, reduction (four cases of open reduction and 56 cases of closed reduction) was performed followed by percutaneous K-wire fixation (cross fixation, 24 cases; longitudinal and slanting fixation, 17 cases; homolateral fixation, four cases; and single longitudinal fixation, 15 cases,) and immobilized by cast. x-ray examination following removal of the K-wires showed that the fractures were healed; the criteria for fracture healing were callus formation and the absence of fracture lines. Clinical outcome and radiographs between groups were compared.ResultsAccording to the visual analogue scale, the pain scores were excellent. According to the Al-Qattan Grade system(AGS),all the patients presented with closed, type II phalangeal neck fractures,the results were excellent in 36 cases (36/60, 60%), good in 15 cases (15/60, 25%), fair in 5 cases (5/60, 8.3%) and poor in 4 cases (4/60, 6.7%). There were significant differences in different fracture type groups (P = 0.013*), operation age groups (P = 0.025*) and open/closed reduction groups (P = 0.042*). There was no significant difference in K-wire fixation type groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with open reduction, the more serious fracture type, the older at the operation, were more likely to have poor AGS result. Different K-wire fixation types for CDPNF in children had the same satisfactory results

Genome-Wide Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Identifies Novel Prognostic Factors and a Prognostic Score

Background and ObjectiveLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of all lung cancers and is associated with genetic and epigenetic aberrations. The tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage is the most authoritative indicator of the clinical outcome in LUAD patients in current clinical practice. In this study, we attempted to identify novel genetic and epigenetic modifications and integrate them as a predictor of the prognosis for LUAD, to supplement the TNM stage with additional information.MethodsA dataset of 445 patients with LUAD was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Both genetic and epigenetic aberrations were screened for their prognostic impact on overall survival (OS). A prognostic score (PS) integrating all the candidate prognostic factors was then developed and its prognostic value validated.ResultsA total of two micro-RNAs, two mRNAs and two DNA methylation sites were identified as prognostic factors associated with OS. The low- and high-risk patient groups, divided by their PS level, showed significantly different OS (p < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; p = 0.005). Patients in the early stages (stages I/II) and advanced stages (stages III/IV) of LUAD could be further subdivided by PS into four subgroups. PS remained efficient in stratifying patients into different OS (p < 0.001) and RFS (p = 0.005) when the low- and high-risk subgroups were in the early stages of the disease. However, there was only a significant difference in OS (p = 0.04) but not RFS (p = 0.2), between the low-risk and high-risk subgroups when both were in advanced stages.ConclusionPS, in combination with the TNM stage, provides additional precision in stratifying patients with significantly different OS and RFS prognoses. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficiency of PS and to explain the effects of the genetic and epigenetic aberrations observed in LUAD

Existence and multiplicity of solutions for critical Kirchhoff-Choquard equations involving the fractional pp-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group

In this paper, we study existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following Kirchhoff-Choquard type equation involving the fractional $p$-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group: $M(|u|_mu^{p})(mu(-Delta)^{s}_{p}u+V(xi)|u|^{p-2}u)= f(xi,u)+int_{mathbb{H}^N}frac{|u(eta)|^{Q_lambda^{ast}}}{|eta^{-1}xi|^lambda}deta|u|^{Q_lambda^{ast}-2}u$ in $mathbb{H}^N$, where $(-Delta)^{s}_{p}$ is the fractional $p$-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group $mathbb{H}^N$, $M$ is the Kirchhoff function, $V(xi)$ is the potential function, $0 0$, $f(xi,u)$ is the nonlinear function, $0 < lambda < Q$, $Q=2N+2$, and $Q_lambda^{ast}=frac{2Q-lambda}{Q-2}$ is the Sobolev critical exponent. Using the Krasnoselskii genus theorem, the existence of infinitely many solutions is obtained if $mu$ is sufficiently large. In addition, using the fractional version of the concentrated compactness principle, we prove that problem has $m$ pairs of solutions if $mu$ is sufficiently small. As far as we know, the results of our study are new even in the Euclidean case

On the Schrödinger–Poisson system with (p,q)(p, q)–Laplacian

We study a class of Schrödinger–Poisson systems with $(p,q)$–Laplacian. Using fixed point theory, we obtain a new existence result for nontrivial solutions. The main novelty of the paper is the combination of a double phase operator and the nonlocal term. Our results generalize some known results

On the pp-fractional Schrödinger-Kirchhoff equations with electromagnetic fields and the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev nonlinearity

In this article, we deal with the following $p$-fractional Schrödinger-Kirchhoff equations with electromagnetic fields and the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev nonlinearity: $Mleft([u]_{s,A}^{p}right)(-Delta)_{p, A}^{s} u+V(x)|u|^{p-2} u=lambdaleft(int_limits{mathbb{R}^{N}} frac{|u|^{p_{mu, s}^{*}}}{|x-y|^{mu}} mathrm{d}yright)|u|^{p_{mu, s}^{*}-2} u+k|u|^{q-2}u, x in mathbb{R}^{N},$ where $0 < s < 1 < p$, $ps < N$, $p < q < 2p^{*}_{s,mu}$, $0 < mu < N$, $lambda$ and $k$ are some positive parameters, $p^{*}_{s,mu}=frac{pN-pfrac{mu}{2}}{N-ps}$ is the critical exponent with respect to the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality, and functions $V$, $M$ satisfy the suitable conditions. By proving the compactness results using the fractional version of concentration compactness principle, we establish the existence of nontrivial solutions to this problem

On pp-Laplacian Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson type systems with critical growth on the Heisenberg group

In this article, we investigate the Kirchhoff-Schrödinger-Poisson type systems on the Heisenberg group of the following form: begin{cases} {-(a+bint_{Omega}|nabla_{H} u|^{p}dxi)Delta_{H, p}u-muphi |u|^{p-2}u} = lambda |u|^{q-2}u+|u|^{Q^{ast}-2}u & mbox{in} Omega, \ -Delta_{H}phi = |u|^{p} & mbox{in} Omega, \ u = phi = 0 & mbox{on} partialOmega, end{cases} where $a, b$ are positive real numbers, $Omegasubset mathbb{H}^N$ is a bounded region with smooth boundary, $1 < p < Q$, $Q = 2N + 2$ is the homogeneous dimension of the Heisenberg group $mathbb{H}^N$, $Q^{ast} = frac{pQ}{Q-p}$, $qin(2p, Q^{ast})$ and $Delta_{H, p}u = mbox{div}(|nabla_{H} u|^{p-2}nabla_{H} u)$ is the $p$-horizontal Laplacian. Under some appropriate conditions for the parameters $mu$ and $lambda$, we establish existence and multiplicity results for the system above. To some extent, we generalize the results of An and Liu (Israel J. Math., 2020) and Liu et al. (Adv. Nonlinear Anal., 2022)

A Machine Learning Approach for Air-Quality Forecast by Integrating GNSS Radio Occultation Observation and Weather Modeling

Air-quality monitoring and forecasting are crucial for atmosphere pollution control and management. We propose an innovative data-driven framework for air quality index (AQI) prediction by integrating GNSS radio occultation (GNSS-RO) observation and weather modeling. Empowered by the state-of-the-art machine learning approach, our method can effectively predict regional AQI with a comparable accuracy much more quickly than the traditional numerical modeling and simulation approach. In a real case study using a representative region of China, our data-driven approach achieves a 2000 times speedup; meanwhile, the prediction error measured by rRMSE is only 2.4%. We investigate further the effects of different models, hyperparameters, and meteorological factors on the performance of our AQI prediction framework, and reveal that wind field and atmospheric boundary-layer height are important influencing factors of AQI. This paper showcases a direct application of GNSS-RO observation in assisting in forecasting regional AQI. From a machine learning point of view, it provides a new way to leverage the unique merits of GNSS atmospheric remote sensing technology with the help of the more traditional weather forecasting modeling approach

Theoretical Study on Thermal Release of Helium-3 in Lunar Ilmenite

The in-situ utilization of lunar helium-3 resource is crucial to manned lunar landings and lunar base construction. Ilmenite was selected as the representative mineral which preserves most of the helium-3 in lunar soil. The implantation of helium-3 ions into ilmenite was simulated to figure out the concentration profile of helium-3 trapped in lunar ilmenite. Based on the obtained concentration profile, the thermal release model for molecular dynamics was established to investigate the diffusion and release of helium-3 in ilmenite. The optimal heating temperature, the diffusion coefficient, and the release rate of helium-3 were analyzed. The heating time of helium-3 in lunar ilmenite under actual lunar conditions was also studied using similitude analysis. The results show that after the implantation of helium-3 into lunar ilmenite, it is mainly trapped in vacancies and interstitials of ilmenite crystal and the corresponding concentration profile follows a Gaussian distribution. As the heating temperature rises, the cumulative amounts of released helium-3 increase rapidly at first and then tend to stabilize. The optimal heating temperature of helium-3 is about 1000 K and the corresponding cumulative release amount is about 74%. The diffusion coefficient and activation energy of helium-3 increase with the temperature. When the energy of helium-3 is higher than the binding energy of the ilmenite lattice, the helium-3 is released rapidly on the microscale. Furthermore, when the heating temperature increases, the heating time for thermal release of helium-3 under actual lunar conditions decreases. For the optimal heating temperature of 1000 K, the thermal release time of helium-3 is about 1 s. The research could provide a theoretical basis for in-situ helium-3 resources utilization on the moon