Ultrasonicated synthesis of 1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-prop-2-en-1-ones and their antimicrobial screening

Abstract: A facile synthesis of title compounds has been carried out under ultrasound irradiation. The main advantages of the present procedure are shorter reaction time and higher yield. Products have been characterized by IR, PMR, CMR, GCMS study and screened for their antimicrobial activity

Crime Monitoring and Controlling System by Mobile Device

The Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) have been used at very large scale for monitoring, recording and getting popular in whole world. The major goal of Closed Circuit Television system is monitoring or observing crime and tracking the objects. The smart phone Mobile world is also expanding at a rapid scale since the technology was invented. Most of smart phones users live in those countries where usage of CCTV system is very common in life. This project studies a monitoring system for smart phone mobile users based on CCTV system, where information will be sent from mobile phones to server so that CCTV system can work more specifically and accurately by monitoring and tracking objects. A safety assurance approach is proposed, in which a user can inform his location for close observation. If he/she feels like a potential threat. In that case of emergency situation, location, problem and all possible difficulties can be determined in comparatively less time by concern authorities like police as they have already monitoring the situation. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15012

TO STUDY THE QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS AND IMAGES OF HINGUL DURING THE SHODHAN PROCESS

Rasaacharya were well known about the toxic effect produce due to use of mineral in their impure form. For removing this toxic effect they mentioned various Shodhan (purification) processes in their books. Shodhan process plays a very significant role in purification of Rasa dravya like Hingul for internal administration. In this study Shodhan of Hingul by Kshalan process is performed which is mentioned in book of Rasatarangini. Because of the need of purification & standardization in Ayurveda we do ICP-AES for Elemental qualitative analysis and FEG-SEM for images.After doing ICP-AES test there are elements like Yttrium (Y), Zirconium (Zr), Vanadium (V), Ytterbium (Yb), in the sample of first Kshalan water, which were done after completion of seven Bhavana. These elements were not found in the sample of Raw Hingul and sample of after seven Bhavana of Hingul. After doing repeated Kshalan process these elements were not found in any sample except the first Kshalan water sample. In the water sample of first Kshalan, found 23 elements and after the seven Kshalan, and got only 16 elements. Hence the impurities may be removed after the Kshalan process.After doing a FEG-SEM test we found there are changes in the images and particle in each step of Shodhan process of different samples. Because of continuous Bhavana particle size were reduced

Satb2 acts as a gatekeeper for major developmental transitions during early vertebrate embryogenesis

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) initiates regionalized transcription underlying distinct cellular identities. ZGA is dependent upon dynamic chromatin architecture sculpted by conserved DNA-binding proteins. However, the direct mechanistic link between the onset of ZGA and the tissue-specific transcription remains unclear. Here, we have addressed the involvement of chromatin organizer Satb2 in orchestrating both processes during zebrafish embryogenesis. Integrative analysis of transcriptome, genome-wide occupancy and chromatin accessibility reveals contrasting molecular activities of maternally deposited and zygotically synthesized Satb2. Maternal Satb2 prevents premature transcription of zygotic genes by influencing the interplay between the pluripotency factors. By contrast, zygotic Satb2 activates transcription of the same group of genes during neural crest development and organogenesis. Thus, our comparative analysis of maternal versus zygotic function of Satb2 underscores how these antithetical activities are temporally coordinated and functionally implemented highlighting the evolutionary implications of the biphasic and bimodal regulation of landmark developmental transitions by a single determinant

Silicon alleviates PEG-induced osmotic stress in finger millet by regulating membrane damage, osmolytes, and antioxidant defense

Drought restricts plant growth and productivity. Silicon has beneficial effects on imparting drought tolerance in plants. Present work was intended to evaluate the effect of Si on polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) induced osmotic stress in local landraces of finger millet. The seeds of stress-tolerant and stress-sensitive landraces of finger millet were treated with distilled water, 15% PEG, and PEG+Si (5-25 ppm). The ameliorative effect of Si was evaluated in terms of percentage seed germination, seedling growth, accumulation of osmolyte and activity of antioxidative enzymes. PEG-induced osmotic stress reduced seed germination, seedling growth, and augmented osmolyte accumulation. It also elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. The exogenous supplementation of silicon significantly improved seed germination as well as early seeding growth. Positive effects of Si were reflected in decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and improved glycine betaine content and antioxidant enzymes in PEG-induced stress tolerant as well as susceptible landraces. The Si-induced ameliorated effects on all the parameters studied were more pronounced in the stress-tolerant landrace (FM/ST/01) than the stress-sensitive landrace (FM/RT/01). These results clearly indicate advantageous effects of Si in relieving PEG-induced stress during seed germination and early seeding growth and suggest a possibility of better stand establishment by application of silicon containing fertilizer during seed sowing

Lgl2 Executes Its Function as a Tumor Suppressor by Regulating ErbB Signaling in the Zebrafish Epidermis

Changes in tissue homeostasis, acquisition of invasive cell characteristics, and tumor formation can often be linked to the loss of epithelial cell polarity. In carcinogenesis, the grade of neoplasia correlates with impaired cell polarity. In Drosophila, lethal giant larvae (lgl), discs large (dlg), and scribble, which are components of the epithelial apico-basal cell polarity machinery, act as tumor suppressors, and orthologs of this evolutionary conserved pathway are lost in human carcinoma with high frequency. However, a mechanistic link between neoplasia and vertebrate orthologs of these tumor-suppressor genes remains to be fully explored at the organismal level. Here, we show that the pen/lgl2 mutant phenotype shares two key cellular and molecular features of mammalian malignancy: cell autonomous epidermal neoplasia and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) of basal epidermal cells including the differential expression of several regulators of EMT. Further, we found that epidermal neoplasia and EMT in pen/lgl2 mutant epidermal cells is promoted by ErbB signalling, a pathway of high significance in human carcinomas. Intriguingly, EMT in the pen/lgl2 mutant is facilitated specifically by ErbB2 mediated E-cadherin mislocalization and not via canonical snail–dependent down-regulation of E-cadherin expression. Our data reveal that pen/lgl2 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in vertebrates, establishing zebrafish pen/lgl2 mutants as a valuable cancer model

Synthesis and structural exploration of [2n]thiacalixarenes and thiapillararenes

Calixarenes, a name for chalice or vase shaped meta-substituted molecules, have become an integral part of supramolecular chemistry due to their easy availability, efficient binding abilities and tunable cavities. Due to the multifaceted nature of these macrocycles, the demand for their continual modification and functionalization has become a prime necessity. The unique possibility to modify the upper and lower rim of calixarenes has been a subject of uninterrupted exploration since the last three decades. Along with the functionalization and modification on the annulus of calixarene, efforts were made to modify the core structure of the metacyclophane by introducing a hetero atomic bridge as became evident by the discovery of thiacalixarene.In addition to the extensively explored classical carbon-bridged calixarenes, several other subclasses of the calixarenoid family have been developed. These subclasses are classified according to the bridging atoms and the number of bridging atoms. Heteracalixarenes in general contain one heteroatom bridge (X = N, O, S, Se) e.g. azacalixarenes, oxacalixarenes, thiacalixarenes and selenacalixarenes. On the other hand, homoheteracalixarenes contain three atom bridges, which contain heteroatoms sandwiched between two carbons (-CH2-X-CH2).Synthesis and properties of heteracalixarenes (one atom bridge) and homoheteracalixarenes (three atom bridge) are well studied and documented. However, to our surprise there were no reports about a two atom bridged (CH2-X) calixarenoid framework. We envisioned that two atom bridged [2n] calixarenes would have an intermediate cavity compared to hetera- and homoheteracalixarenes thereby giving rise to entirely new structural and conformational properties. Our previous experience with the chalcogen family (O, S, Se) made sulfur as ourobvious and initial choice of heteroatom to construct a novel [2n]calixarenoid framework. Inspired by our previous background in pyrimidine chemistry (and SNAr reactions on heteroaromatic systems) it was envisaged to prepare functional [24]thiacalix[2]- arene[2]pyrimidines by SNAr reactions on diverse 4,6-dihalopyrimidine building blocks. Efficient one-pot procedures toward thiacalix[4]arenes were developed. Differentiation of both nucleophilic and electrophilic building blocks allowed variation of the substitution pattern of the thiacalix[m]arene[m]pyrimidines (m = 2 4). Through cultivation of single crystals, solid-state structures were obtained and a highly symmetrical 1,3-alternate conformation was observed for the [24]thiacalix[2]arene-[2]pyrimidine cyclooligomer.In the second half of thesis work, we study the unique class of para- substituted molecules known as pillararenes. Pillar[n]arenes are the methylene bridged paracyclophanes discovered by the Japanese group Ogoshi et al. in 2008. These molecules are highly symmetrical with rigid structure functionality. In the last five years, various efficient methods to synthesize pillar[n]arenes (n = 5, 6) have been reported. This new macrocycle with high potential attracted our attention in our pursuit towards the construction of an analogues [2n]macrocycle. Understanding the difficulties in the construction of (Ar-S-CH2) bridge, We contemplated that constructing disulfide bridged pillar[n]arene would be an ideal starting point to explore this new paracyclophane family.An efficient and robust method towards the synthesis of functionalized disulfide (S-S) bridged pillararenes was developed, starting from 1,4-dimethoxy benzene and sulfur monochloride. Taking advantage of the dynamic nature of the disulfide bond, the (S-S) bridges were further converted to (S-CH2) bridges. In the last part of this thesis, we explore the construction of larger pillar[n]arenes in higher yields, and study their structural features.<w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true"  <w:lsdexception="" locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false"  nrpages: 191status: publishe

A deep learning framework for quantitative analysis of actin microridges

Abstract Microridges are evolutionarily conserved actin-rich protrusions present on the apical surface of squamous epithelial cells. In zebrafish epidermal cells, microridges form self-evolving patterns due to the underlying actomyosin network dynamics. However, their morphological and dynamic characteristics have remained poorly understood owing to a lack of computational methods. We achieved ~95% pixel-level accuracy with a deep learning microridge segmentation strategy enabling quantitative insights into their bio-physical-mechanical characteristics. From the segmented images, we estimated an effective microridge persistence length of ~6.1 μm. We discovered the presence of mechanical fluctuations and found relatively greater stresses stored within patterns of yolk than flank, indicating distinct regulation of their actomyosin networks. Furthermore, spontaneous formations and positional fluctuations of actin clusters within microridges were associated with pattern rearrangements over short length/time-scales. Our framework allows large-scale spatiotemporal analysis of microridges during epithelial development and probing of their responses to chemical and genetic perturbations to unravel the underlying patterning mechanisms

Characterization of nickel sulphide thin films prepared by modified chemical method

Semiconducting nickel sulphide (NiS) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates using a new modified chemical bath method (MCBD). The MCBD is the solutions grow technique in which substrates are immersed in cations and anions alternatively and film growth takes place on the substrates. The preparative conditions such as concentration, pH, temperature, immersion time, immersion cycles, etc are optimized to get nanocrystalline NiS films. The characterization of the films was carried out by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption and electrical resistivity. The XRD analysis of the as-grown NiS films showed hexagonal structure. The average grain size is found to be 14 nm. Electrical resistivity measurements showed semiconducting nature with at room temperature resistivity which is found to be of the order of 10 Ωcm for as-deposited NiS films. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) reveal a very dense surface structure with the presence of irregular shaped grain particles of size ~200 nm. The optical absorption studies show that the absorption coefficient of the NiS thin film is high and a direct band gap of ~2.4 eV has been observed