DESIGN OF DERMA STICKS OF ANDROGAPHIS PANICULATA FOR THE TREATMENT OF GYNAECOLOGICAL SKIN DISORDERS

Objective: Vaginal candidiasis are often painful and uncomfortable and can include intense itching, irritation, vaginal discharge and dysuria. Gynaecological skin disorders referring to inflammatory and infectious conditions affecting the vaginal mucosa and vulvitis often accompanies vagina pain, itching and burning sensation. Herbal therapy is gaining popularity of women on account of it's reduced side effect and restoration of the normal vaginal flora. Plants reported to possess activity or used in traditional systems of medicine for prevention and treatment of vaginitis. Therefore, it was found essential to find an alternative to counter all the above disadvantages effectively and hence in the present work, formulation and development of medicated sticks has been planned with the herbal drug Androgaphis Paniculata which is very well known for the anti bacterial and anti fungal activity.Methods: The preparation and characterization of medicated sticks was carried out in four phases. Phase I studies includes preparation of medicated derma sticks using the ointment bases with varied concentrations of waxes. Phase II studies involves characterization of prepared medicated derma sticks like weight, thickness and length. Phase III studies involves stability studies of prepared formulations. Phase IV Studies involves anti microbial studies by zone inhibition method. .Phase V: Primary skin irritation studies carried out on rabbits and guinea pigs and in healthy human volunteers showed no sensitization and edema on skin after 72 h of application.Results: The results of present study revealed that the prepared medicated sticks of Androgaphis Paniculata are convenient, equally effective, without any contamination chances on application and free from skin irritation.Conclusion:The present work is a unique piece of contribution to the drug industry. The results will be useful to industry RandD for further investigations. The continuation of these work clinical studies is in progress.Objective: Vaginal candidiasis are often painful and uncomfortable and can include intense itching, irritation, vaginal discharge and dysuria. Gynaecological skin disorders referring to inflammatory and infectious conditions affecting the vaginal mucosa and vulvitis often accompanies vagina pain, itching and burning sensation. Herbal therapy is gaining popularity of women on account of its reduced side effect and restoration of the normal vaginal flora. Plants reported to possess activity or used in traditional systems of medicine for prevention and treatment of vaginitis. Therefore, it was found essential to find an alternative to counter all the above disadvantages effectively and hence in the present work, formulation and development of medicated sticks have been planned with the herbal drug Androgaphis Paniculata which is very well known for the antibacterial and antifungal activity.Methods: The preparation and characterization of medicated sticks were carried out in four phases. Phase I studies include preparation of medicated derma sticks using the ointment bases with varied concentrations of waxes. Phase II studies involve characterization of prepared medicated derma sticks like weight, thickness and length. Phase III studies involves stability studies of prepared formulations. Phase IV Studies involves antimicrobial studies by zone inhibition method. .Phase V: Primary skin irritation studies carried out on rabbits and guinea pigs and in healthy human volunteers showed no sensitization and edema on the skin after 72 h of application. Results: The results of present study revealed that the prepared medicated sticks of Androgaphis Paniculata are convenient, equally effective, without any contamination chances on the application and free from skin irritation. Conclusion: The present work is a unique piece of contribution to the drug industry. The results will be useful to industry R&D for further investigations. The continuation of these work clinical studies is in progress

Comparative study of maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies with and without umbilical cord around foetal neck

Background: Umbilical cord around neck of the foetus is called the nuchal cord. The aims and objectives are to find out the incidence of nuchal cord around foetal neck at delivery, and to compare and evaluate intrapartum and postpartum maternal and foetal outcome in those with or without nuchal cord at delivery.Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at tertiary care hospital for period of 12 months. Of 1380 patients, 934 patients were enrolled in present study after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria of which 150 patients were included in study group who delivered with nuchal cord and 784 patients in control group who delivered without nuchal cord.Results: Present study showed 18.84% incidence of nuchal cord at delivery. Duration of labour was 6.51hrs in study group and 6.15hrs in control group and the difference was statistically significant. Rest of the intrapartum and postpartum events were statistically not significant. Mean length of cord was more in patients delivered with loop of cord around foetal neck as compared to another group and it is statistically significant.Conclusions: Nuchal cord is a common finding at the time of delivery. However, it is per-se not an indication of LSCS and it only increases the operative morbidity

Complete septate uterus with cervical duplication and longitudinal vaginal septum: an uncommon mullerian anomaly

The most commonly reported mullerian duct anomalies are septate, arcuate, didelphys, unicornuate or hypoplastic uteri. Here we describe a presentation of unusual mullerian anomaly. We report a case of 31 year old nulliparous woman with primary infertility married since 5 years with history of excision of longitudinal vaginal septum 2 years back. Clinical examination revealed two cervix. On ultrasound, she was diagnosed with single fundus with 2 uterine cavities and double cervix with complete septum within. Diagnosis was confirmed with hysterosalpingogram and MRI showing no communication between the two uterine cavities. On combined laproscopy and hysteroscopy, the septum was excised above the level of cervix transforming into a single cavity uterus with free bilateral spillage of fallopian tubes, keeping the two cervix intact. This anomaly is inconsistent with generally accepted understanding of mullerian development but fits within alternative hypothesis. Establishing an accurate diagnosis is essential for planning treatment and management strategies

Cp2ZrCl2: AN EFFICIENT CATALYST FOR MULTICOMPONENT SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOID DEHYDROSQUALENE SYNTHASE INHIBITING PYRANO[2,3-d]PYRIMIDINEDIONES

Objectives: The present protocol deals with zirconocene dichloride (Cp2ZrCl2) catalyzed synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones through one-pot multicomponent reactions of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and barbituric acid at ambient temperature. All the synthesized compounds were characterized and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, a molecular docking was carried out to reveal the atomic insights between synthesized compounds and carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase (PDB ID: 3ACX). Methods: All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by diffusion method. Antioxidant activities such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and radical scavenging activity. A mixture of barbituric acid 1 (1 mmol), malononitrile 2 (1 mmol), benzaldehyde 3a (1 mmol), ethanol (5 mL), and Cp2ZrCl2 (5 mol %) was stirred at ambient temperature for specified time. After completion of reaction as indicated by thin-layer chromatography, the obtained crude product was filtered and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (Merck, 60–120 mesh) using ethyl acetate:pet. ether to afford pure product which was then characterized by spectroscopic methods such by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Results: All the synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The results revealed that pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidinediones (4 a-k) displayed the zone of inhibition in the range of 3–13 mm. The most active compound 4b displayed largest zone of inhibition of 13 mm for Escherichia coli (NCIM-2832) and 9 mm for Bacillus subtilis (NCIM-2635). The antifungal and antioxidant activity of all synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones (4a-k) showed moderate to good activity. Molecular docking studies suggest that pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones might inhibit the carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase activity. Conclusion: All the synthesized pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones display moderate to good antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity. This molecular docking studies supported that pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones might inhibit the carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase (PDB ID: 3ACX)

Enhanced AODV Routing Protocol Using Leader Election Algorithm

Failure of communication link in mobile ADHOC network is major issue. For the failure of link the performance of network is degraded. Due to mobility of mobile node brake the communication link and path of routing is failed. For the repairing of routing node used various algorithm such as leader election, distributed and selection algorithm. The failure of link decease the performance of routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc network, for the improvement of quality of service in mobile ad-hoc network various authors proposed a different model and method for prediction of link. The prediction of link decreases the failure rate of mobile node during communication. The leader election algorithm plays a major role in link failure prediction algorithm the process of link failure prediction implied in form of distributed node distribution. Proposed a new link stability prediction method based on current link-related or user-related information in shadowed environments. The modified protocol acquired the process of thresholds priority Oder on the basic of neighbor’s node. The selection of neighbor node deepens on the mode operation in three sections. According to order of state create cluster of priority of group. After creation of group calculate average threshold value and compare each group value with minimum threshold value and pass the control message for communication. Through this process mode of activation state of node is minimized the time of route establishment and maintenance. The selection of proper node in minimum time and other node in sleep mode the consumption of power is reduces. We modified SBRP protocol for selection of node during on demand request node according to sleep and activation mode of communication. Each node locally assigned priority value of node. For the evaluation of performance used network simulator NS-2.35. And simulate two protocol one is AODV-LE protocol, these protocol patch are available for the simulation purpose. And another protocol is AODV-LE-ME. AODV-LE-ME protocol is modified protocol of leader election protocol for the selection of mobile node during the communication. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15016

Biometric Data Security using Recursive Visual Cryptography

Recursive Visual cryptography takes the idea from the basic scheme of Visual cryptography to hide multiple secrets recursively in the single image. This paper proposes a scheme of recursive creation of shares using the basic scheme and embedding secrets into the shares. This results levels of share creation i.e. n- secrets equals n/2 levels. This paper also provides  secured authentication for the user, using the Biometric authentication Thus the proposed paper is implemented in any of the real time applications. Keywords:Recursive Visual Cryptography, Embedding secrets, Biometric authentication, Levels of share

Molecular Characterization of Heat Shock Protein 70-1 Gene of Goat (Capra hircus)

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) plays a vital role by bestowing cytoprotection against diverse kinds of stresses. The ubiquitous HSP 70 proteins are the most abundant and temperature sensitive among all the HSPs. The present paper has characterized HSP70-1 cDNA in goat (Capra hircus). Total RNA isolated from goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells was reverse transcribed to cDNA that was used for amplification of HSP 70-1 gene. PCR product (1926 bp) was cloned in pGEM-T easy vector and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed 1926-bp-long open reading frame of HSP 70-1 gene encoding 641 amino acids in goat, as reported in cattle. At nucleotide level, goat HSP 70-1 was found to be 96–99% similar to that of sheep (partial), cattle, and buffalo whereas the similarity at amino acid level was 95–100%. Nonsynonymous substitutions exceeding synonymous substitutions indicate the evolution of this protein through positive selection among domestic animals. Goat and sheep appear to have diverged from a common ancestor in phylogenetic analysis. Predicted protein structures of goat HSP 70 protein obtained from deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the functional amino acids involved in chaperoning through ATPase hydrolytic cycle and in uncoating of clathrin coated vesicles are highly conserved

Enhanced Distributed File Replication Protocol for Efficient File Sharing in Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks.

File sharing applications in mobile unintended networks (MANETs) have attracted additional and additional attention in recent years. The potency of file querying suffers from the distinctive properties of such networks as well as node quality and restricted communication vary and resource. associate degree intuitive methodology to alleviate this drawback is to form file replicas within the network. However, despite the efforts on file replication, no analysis has targeted on the worldwide optimum duplicate creation with minimum average querying delay. Specifically, current file replication protocols in mobile unintended networks have 2 shortcomings. First, they lack a rule to portion restricted resources to completely different files so as to reduce the typical querying delay. Second, they merely contemplate storage as offered resources for replicas, however neglect the actual fact that the file holders’ frequency of meeting different nodes additionally plays a crucial role in deciding file availableness. Actually, a node that contains a higher meeting frequency with others provides higher availableness to its files. This becomes even additional evident in sparsely distributed MANETs, during which nodes meet disruptively. during this paper, we have a tendency to introduce a replacement conception of resource for file replication, that considers each node storage and meeting frequency. we have a tendency to on paper study the influence of resource allocation on the typical querying delay and derive a resource allocation rule to reduce the typical querying delay. we have a tendency to additional propose a distributed file replication protocol to appreciate the projected rule. intensive trace-driven experiments with synthesized traces and real traces show that our protocol are able to do shorter average querying delay at a lower value than current replication protocols

Location Based Advertising - Android Advertising Application

Advertising is a form of marketing through which various companies communicate with their customers. Earlier forms of mobile advertising were through sms or mms but today it is possible through e-mail, android application & many different ways [3]. This paper conveys our proposed advertising application based on location based services. This paper mainly focuses on detecting the users location through GPS (Global Positioning system) or network provider and sending the position-aware advertisements as notifications on their android devices. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15039

In vivo characterization of key iridoid biosynthesis pathway genes in catnip (Nepeta cataria)

MAIN CONCLUSION: Using virus-induced gene silencing, we demonstrated that the enzymes GES, ISY, and MLPL are responsible for nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta cataria. ABSTRACT: Nepetalactone is the main iridoid that is found in the Nepeta genus and is well-known for its psychoactive effect on house cats. Moreover, there is a burgeoning interest into the effect of nepetalactone on insects. Although the enzymes for nepetalactone biosynthesis have been biochemically assayed in vitro, validation of the role that these enzymes have in planta has not been demonstrated. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a silencing method that relies on transient transformation and is an approach that has been particularly successful when applied to a variety of non-model plants. Here, we use a recently designed visual-marker dependent VIGS system to demonstrate that the nepetalactone biosynthetic enzymes GES, ISY, and MLPL impact nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta cataria. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00425-022-04012-z