Lattice Dynamics and Normal Coordinate Analysis of HTSC TlCa3Ba2Cu4O11

For the Basic understanding of physical properties such as thermal, Elastic infrared etc., it is indispensable to have the knowledge of phonon frequency spectrum which can be achieved by means of theoretical model of Lattice dynamics and Normal Coordinate analysis.    The lattice dynamics of the high temperature superconductors TlCa3Ba2Cu4O11 has been investigated on the basis of the three body force shell model (TSM).  The various interactions between ions are treated on a general way without making them numerically equal.  The phonon frequency at the zone centre of Brillouin  zone are presented and the vibrational assignments are discussed.  Further the normal coordinate calculation has also been employed to study the vibrational analysis of this compound.  The normal coordinate analysis of the superconductor TlCa3Ba2Cu4O11 has been calculated by using Wilson’s F-G matrix method which is useful for the confirmation of our present investigation.  The vibrational frequencies and the potential energy distribution (PED) of the optically active phonon modes are also presented. Keywords: Lattice dynamics , Normal coordinate analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Zero wave vector, High temperature superconductor TlCa3Ba2Cu4O11

Phonon Frequency Spectrum through Lattice Dynamics and Normal Coordinate Analysis of HTSC Tl2Ca3Ba2Cu4O12

The lattice dynamics of the high temperature superconductors Tl2Ca3Ba2Cu4O12 has been investigated on the basis of the three body force shell model (TSM).  The various interactions between ions are treated on a general way without making them numerically equal.  The phonon frequency at the zone centre of Brillouin  zone are presented and the vibrational assignments are discussed.  Further the normal coordinate calculation has also been employed to study the vibrational analysis of this compound.  The normal coordinate analysis of the superconductor Brillouin  zone has been calculated by using Wilson’s F-G matrix method which is useful for the confirmation of our present investigation.  The vibrational frequencies and the potential energy distribution (PED) of the optically active phonon modes are also presented. Keywords: Lattice dynamics, Normal Coordinate, Brillouin zone, Three shell Force shell Model, Tl2Ca3Ba2Cu4O12, Zero Wave Vector, high-temperature superconductors, Raman, infrared. Phonon Frequency ,etc

Applications of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems

Every so often, a new term comes along that represents an emerging scientific trend. Biotechnology, genetic engineering, tissue engineering, gene therapy, combinatorial chemistry, high throughput screening, and stem cells are some examples of past terms. Recently, nanotechnology has become a popular term representing the main efforts of the current science and technology. Nanotechnology, which is still not a mature technology and thus, more appropriately called nanoscience, usually refers to research at the scale of 100 nm or less. Nanotechnology is unique in that it represents not just one specific area, but a vast variety of disciplines ranging from basic material science to personal care applications. Thus this technology is very advanced and various researches are a heading in this field very quickly One of the important areas of nanotechnology is “nanomedicine,” which, refers to highly specific medical intervention at the molecular scale for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases The nanoparticles are available in various shapes and sizes and these are  become very important elements in novel drug delivery systems called nanomedicine. These nanoparticles are developed in appropriate sizes and used such that they target at the targeted places in the body. This development of nanoparticles had  brought a revolutionary change in the field of  drug delivery systems.. In drug delivery, nanotechnology is just beginning to make an impact. Many of the current “nano” drug delivery systems, however, are remnants of conventional drug delivery systems that happen to be in the nanometer range, such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals. Liposomes and polymer micelles were first prepared in 1960’s, and nanoparticles and dendrimers in 1970’s. Colloidal gold particles in nanometer sizes were first prepared by Michael Faraday more than 150 years ago, but were never referred to or associated with nanoparticles or nanotechnology until recently. About three decades ago, colloidal gold particles were conjugated with antibody for target specific staining, known as immunogold staining. Such an application may be considered as a precursor of recent explosive applications of gold particles in nanotechnology. The importance of nanotechnology in drug delivery is in the concept and ability to manipulate molecules and supramolecular structures for producing devices with programmed functions. Conventional liposomes, polymeric micelles, and nanoparticles are now called “nanovehicles,”. Those conventional drug delivery systems would have evolved to the present state regardless of the current nanotechnology revolution. Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases today, and brain cancer is one of the most difficult malignancies to detect and treat mainly because of the difficulty in getting imaging and therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier and into the brain. Many investigators have found that nanoparticles hold promise for ferrying such agents into the brain . Apolipoprotein E was suggested to mediate drug transport across the blood-brain barrier . Loperamide, which does not cross the blood-brain barrier but exerts antinociceptive effects after direct injection into the brain, was loaded into human serum albumin nanoparticles and linked to apolipoprotein E. Robust angiogenesis underlies aggressive growth of tumors. Therefore, one of the mechanisms to inhibit angiogenesis is to starve tumor cells. Angiogenesis is regulated through a complex set of mediators and recent evidence shows that integrin αvβ3 and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) play important regulator roles. The cell adhesion molecules are glycoproteins found on the cell surface that act as receptors for cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix adhesion . Recent advancements of the understanding of the cell adhesion molecules has impacted the design and development of drugs (i.e. peptide, proteins) for the potential treatment of cancer, heart and autoimmune diseases. These molecules have important roles in diseases such as cancer, thrombosis and autoimmune diseases such as type-1 diabetes. There also is an exciting possibility to overcome problems of drug resistance in target cells and to facilitating movement of drugs across barriers such as those in the brain. The challenge, however, remains the precise characterization of molecular targets and to ensure that these molecules are expressed only in the targeted organs to prevent effects on healthy tissues. Secondly, it is important to understand the fate of the drugs once delivered to the nucleus and other sensitive cells organelles. Furthermore, because nanosystems increase efficiency of drug delivery, the doses may need recalibration. Nevertheless, the future remains exciting and wide open. Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals. Liposomes and polymer micelles, DOI: 10.7176/APTA/80-02 Publication date:October 31st 201

Phonon Frequency Spectrum and Lattice Dynamics and Normal Coordinate Analysis of HTSC Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10

The lattice dynamics of the high temperature superconductors Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10 has been investigated on the basis of the three body force shell model (TSM).  The various interactions between ions are treated on a general way without making them numerically equal.  The phonon frequency at the zone centre of Brillouin  zone are presented and the vibrational assignments are discussed.  Further the normal coordinate calculation has also been employed to study the vibrational analysis of this compound.  The normal coordinate analysis of the superconductor Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8 has been calculated by using Wilson’s F-G matrix method which is useful for the confirmation of our present investigation.  The vibrational frequencies and the potential energy distribution (PED) of the optically active phonon modes are also presented. DOI: 10.7176/APTA/80-04 Publication date:October 31st 201

Applications of Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Heart Attack and Cancer

Nanotechnology is unique in that it represents not just one specific area, but a vast variety of disciplines ranging from basic material science to personal care applications. Thus this technology is very advanced and various researches are a heading in this field very quickly One of the important areas of nanotechnology is “nanomedicine,” which, refers to highly specific medical intervention at the molecular scale for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. The importance of nanotechnology in drug delivery is in the concept and ability to manipulate molecules and super molecular structures for producing devices with programmed functions. Conventional liposomes, polymeric micelles, and nanoparticles are now called “nanovehicles,”. Those conventional drug delivery systems would have evolved to the present state regardless of the current nanotechnology revolution. To achieve efficient drug delivery it is important to understand the interactions of nanomaterials with the biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, and molecular mechanisms of cell signalling involved in pathobiology of the disease under consideration. Several anti-cancer drugs including paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil and dexamethasone have been successfully formulated using nanomaterials. The nano drug delivery systems hold great potential to overcome some of the barriers of cells and molecules in heart attack and cancer. Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanocrystals. Liposomes and polymer micelles, PLGA, etc,. DOI: 10.7176/APTA/80-03 Publication date:October 31st 201

Textbook of high temperature superconductors

205 hlm.; 22 c

Optical fiber and solitons

154p.: illustrations ; 22 c

Combination of bendamustine-azacitidine against Syk target of breast cancer: an <i>in silico</i> study

Breast cancer (BC) is the most serious and second leading cause of death in women worldwide. When breast cancer is diagnosed and treated early, the chance of long-term survival is up to 90%. On the other hand, 90% of BC patient deaths are due to metastasis and a lack of effective early diagnosis. The existing conventional chemotherapy provides negative feedback due to transportation barriers towards the action sites, multidrug resistance, poor bio-availability, non-specific delivery and systemic side effects on the healthy tissue. Syk protein Kinase has been reported in BC, as a tumor modulator, providing a pro-survival signal and also by restricting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, enhancing cell-cell interactions and inhibiting migration. In the present study, we explored the possibility of targeting BC by attenuating Syk protein Kinase. Hence, we have conjugated the hydrophobic Bendamustine (BEN) and hydrophilic Azacitidine (AZA) anticancer drugs to evaluate their efficacy against BC. The native drugs (BEN and AZA) and designed drug-drug conjugate (BEN-AZA) were docked with Syk protein. Then, the docked complex was performed for Binding Free Energy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Furthermore, DFT and ADME properties were carried out. The results revealed that the designed drug-drug conjugate has a better docking score, ΔGbind and admirable stability throughout the simulation when compared with native drugs. In DFT and ADME analyses, the designed drug-drug conjugate has shown good stereo electronic features and pharmaceutical relevant parameters than that of native drugs. The overall results suggested that the designed drug-drug conjugate may be a suitable candidate for BC treatment. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p