synthesis of copper ion incorporated uricase-based hybrid nanoflowers and their enhanced cataltic properties

Enzymehas been unique properties due to eco-friendly nature and superior catalyticactivity, high reaction specificity and low toxicity [1]. However, theirefficient use is limited due to some connatural disadvantages due to beingwithout stability, difficulty in recovery and reusability, loss of catalyticactivity after administration into the reaction and high cost. In order toovercome these disadvantages, several immobilization approaches have beendeveloped. The expectancy with enzyme immobilization is to improve bothcatalytic activity and stability [2]. Recently, hybrid materials, combiningwith the advantages of organic and inorganic components have been widelyapplied for enzyme immobilization because of their unique properties. Herein,we present a study on the formation, catalytic activity and stability of hybridnanoflowers (hNFs) containing uricase and copper ions.</p

preparation of maltase-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers and investigation of inflence on enzymatic activity of synthesis conditions

Enzymes have found widespread in variousscientific and technical fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, medicine,pharmaceutical science and industry [1]. Although enzymes have uniqueproperties, such as high catalytic activity, reaction specificity, stability,selectivity, low toxicity and water solubility, their efficient use isvery limited due to their innate disadvantages associated with instabilityduring storage, loss of catalytic activity after &nbsp;implementationinto the reaction, high production cost and lack of recovery from reactionmedium, substrate- and product-inhibitions [2]. &nbsp;In order to overcome these limitations,several immobilization approaches have been developed.Inthis study, &nbsp;maltase-copper phosphate hybrid nanoflowers(HNFs) synthesized and at the same time formation mecanism, catalytic activityand stability under different experimantal parameters (pHs, temperatures) wasinvestigated. ThehNFs were characterized using SEM, EDX analysis, Bradford assay, UV-Visspectrometry and XRD. The effect of reaction temperatures on the morphology ofthe hNFs was demonstrated with SEM images (Fig. 1).&nbsp;</p

Effect of a Synthesized Compound against Cancerous Cell Line and Synthesis of Copper Ion Incorporated 1-(3,4-Diaminophenyl) Ethanone-Based Hybrid Nanoflowers

Cancer is a very common disease between men and women in worldwide. Although manystudies have been conducted to find effective anticancer drugs by researchers, this disease is notcompletely exterminated. 2-Nitrilebenzyl substituted benzimidazolium salt was obtained inmoderate yield (Scheme 1). The cytotoxic effect of the synthesized ligand were tested against twohuman cancer cell lines and one non-cancerous cell line. According to obtained results; compound 2have anticancer effect. Furthermore; we conducted a study on the formation; catalytic activity andstability of hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) containing benzimidazolium salt and copper ions. Thesynthesis of hNFs was accomplished using a modified method. In all activity measurementexperiments; the hNFs and an identical concentration of free benzimidazolium salt was used. Theactivities of hNFs were determined by colorimetric and spectroscopic methods using guaiacol as achromogenic substrate.The hNFs were characterized using SEM, EDX, FT-IR analysis, Bradfordassay, UV-Vis spectrometry and XRD. The effect of reaction temperatures on the morphology of thehNFs is demonstrated with SEM images (Figure 1).&nbsp;</p

Synthesis of Copper Ion Incorporated Aminoguanidine Derivatives-Based Hybrid Nanoflowers

Aminoguanidine (AG) was presented more than 100 years ago. During the last 30 yearsimportant effects of AG have been discovered which have made this molecule attract a lot of interest.AG has anticancer effect on gastric cancer, and it has positive synergistic effect withhemotherapeutic drugs. It may play important inhibitory roles in angiogenesis of gastric cancer. Theanticancer effect of iNOS inhibitors may include inducing cell apoptosis, suppressing cellproliferation and reducing angiogenesis. Furthermore; we conducted a study on the formation,catalytic activity and stability of hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) containing AG and copper ions. Thesynthesis of hNFs was accomplished using a modified method. The activities of hNFs weredetermined by colorimetric and spectroscopic methods using guaiacol as a chromogenic substrate.The hNFs were characterized using SEM, EDX, FT-IR analysis, UV-Vis spectrometry and XRD.&nbsp;</p

Synthesis of Copper Ion Incorporated Aminoguanidine Derivatives-Based Hybrid Nanoflowers

Aminoguanidine (AG) was presented more than 100 years ago. During the last 30 years important effects of AG have been discovered which have made this molecule attract a lot of interest. AG has anticancer effect on gastric cancer, and it has positive synergistic effect with hemotherapeutic drugs. It may play important inhibitory roles in angiogenesis of gastric cancer. The anticancer effect of iNOS inhibitors may include inducing cell apoptosis, suppressing cell proliferation and reducing angiogenesis. Furthermore; we conducted a study on the formation, catalytic activity and stability of hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) containing AG and copper ions. The synthesis of hNFs was accomplished using a modified method. The activities of hNFs were determined by colorimetric and spectroscopic methods using guaiacol as a chromogenic substrate. The hNFs were characterized using SEM, EDX, FT-IR analysis, UV-Vis spectrometry and XRD

Determination of anticancer activity and biosynthesis of Cu, Zn, and Co hybrid nanoflowers with Tribulus terrestris L. extract

In this work, a green process for the synthesis and characterization of hybrid nanoflowers was proposed, wherein&nbsp;Tribulus terrestris&nbsp;L. extract functioned as the organic component and Cu (II), Zn (II) and Co (II) metal ions as the inorganic element during the formation of the nanoflowers. To characterize the synthesized hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs), the morphologies were investigated using SEM, EDX, FT-IR analysis, elemental mapping, and XRD spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effect of hNFs was investigated to test biological activity. A549 cell lines and the MTT staining method were used for the anticancer activity of&nbsp;T. terrestris&nbsp;L. extract and hNFs. Differences in SEM images were observed as the metal content changed. Cytotoxic evaluations have shown that Co nanoflower may be a safer therapeutic alternative than plant extracts and other nanoflowers. It was observed that Zn and Cu hybrid nanoflowers were influential on the cell line up to a specific concentration, but as the concentration increased, they increased cell viability. It was observed that metal hybrid nanoflowers increased the anticancer activity compared to&nbsp;T. terrestris&nbsp;L. extract. These results can contribute to developing adequate new-generation preparations for A549 (lung cancer) problems of nanoflowers synthesized using&nbsp;T. terrestris&nbsp;L. extract. In summary, this study has been conducted for the first time.</p