A flexible module for staff development in nonformal education in Thailand.

EducationDoctor of Education (EdD

Expanding the scope of catalytic asymmetric addition of Grignard reagents and validating the reaction mechanism

The catalytic asymmetric addition of Grignard reagents to various organic electrophiles has a privileged position as a reliable methodology for synthetic chemists to exploit for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds and the creation of chirality in a single step. It constitutes a fundamental component of contemporary organic synthesis. These significant transformations have been extensively developed in recent decades and are widely employed in the synthesis of chiral natural products and bioactive molecules, including proteins and pharmaceuticals. The aim of this thesis is the design and development of novel sustainable catalytic processes based on stereoselective homogeneous catalysis complemented with mechanistic studies. We focus on asymmetric dearomatisation reactions involving Grignard reagents and pyridine derivatives, such as methoxypyridines and pyridinium salts, which are catalysed by chiral copper complexes. The combination of 13C kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations was used to investigate catalytic reaction mechanism

Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed electrochemical reductive conjugate alkenylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones

Catalytic electrochemical asymmetric catalysis is emerging as a promising strategy for the synthesis of chiral compounds. Herein, we report an asymmetric electrochemical nickel-catalysed reductive conjugate addition of alkenyl bromides/aryl iodides to α,β-unsaturated ketones in an undivided cell, leading to addition products with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% yield and 96% ee).</p

Catalytic Access to Chiral δ-Lactams via Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridine Derivatives

Nitrogen-bearing rings are common features in the molecular structures of modern drugs, with chiral δ-lactams being an important subclass due to their known pharmacological properties. Catalytic dearomatization of preactivated pyridinium ion derivatives emerged as a powerful method for the rapid construction of chiral N-heterocycles. However, direct catalytic dearomatization of simple pyridine derivatives are scarce and methodologies yielding chiral δ-lactams are yet to be developed. Herein, we describe an enantioselective C4-dearomatization of methoxypyridine derivatives for the preparation of functionalised enantioenriched δ-lactams using chiral copper catalysis. Experimental 13C kinetic isotope effects and density functional theory calculations shed light on the reaction mechanism and the origin of enantioselectivity.</p

Grignard Reagent Addition to Pyridinium Salts:A Catalytic Approach to Chiral 1,4-Dihydropyridines

Catalytic dearomatization of pyridinium salts is a powerful technique for constructing chiral N-heterocycles, which are crucial in alkaloid natural products and drugs. Despite its potential, progress in metal-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization of pyridinium derivatives has been limited. Here, we present the enantioselective 1,4-dearomatization of pyridinium salts using Grignard reagents and chiral copper catalysis. This approach yields enantioenriched functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines. Experimental kinetic isotope effects and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanism, regio- and enantioselectivity, and the rate-limiting step.</p

Comparison of total phenolic content and composition of individual phenolic acids in testae and testa-removed kernels of 15 Valencia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes

A successful peanut breeding to obtain genotypes with greater phenolic content requires information on type and content of phenolic compounds in parental peanut genotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolic contents and phenolic acid profiles of 15 Valencia-type peanut genotypes both in peanut testae and testa-removed kernels (cotyledons and embryonic axes). Total phenolic content and phenolic acid profiles were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu method and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),  respectively. The total phenolic contents of testae and testa-removed kernels varied from 2.47 ± 0.96 to 84.53 ± 5.57 and 0.07 ± 0.01 to 0.12 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight, respectively. Testae of  KK4 and ICG14710 genotypes had the greatest and least total phenolic content, respectively. The peanut  testae with pink color (NM044, NM071, ICG15042 and KK4) had significantly greater phenolic content than those with gray (ICG397 and ICG14710) and yellow (NM001) colors. The present study demonstrates that  p-coumaric and vanillic acids were the two predominant phenolic acids in the testae of nearly all peanut  genotypes tested, except for KK4 genotype whose predominant phenolic acid in its testa was  p-hydroxybenzoic acid. All the testa-removed kernels tested contained significantly greater amount of  p-coumaric acid than other identified phenolic acids. These results would be useful for peanut breeding to  obtain peanut genotypes with greater phenolic acid and other favorable traits.Key words: Valencia peanuts, peanut testae, phenolic acids, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid

The Development for Product of Local Folk-weaving Material by the Weaving Group of Paihoochang Banglen, District, Nakhon Pathom Province

Thai local folk-weaving, there are all regions in Thailand, is one of the essential factors for life in progress with Human civilization. Patterns which are present on fabric, show that the individual and culture. Changing period comes to be a part of economy and social, was affect to lifestyle, cultural and folk’s belief of man. The effect of changing is the way of folk handiwork that have to adjust become modernization.The objective of the study was to examine the opinions toward 5 products made of local folk material, Paihoochang Banglen district, Nakhon Pathom Province which were facial tissue boxes, hanging hand towels, bolster cushions, bags, tablecloths and to study the basic background of the customers who appreciated with handicraft. The research considered the styles, sizes, practical uses and attractiveness on different products. The 200 evaluators were accidentally sample from those interested in model handicraft presented in 4 department stores of Nakhon Pathom. The statistic analysis was done by using the computer program. The finding indicated that most of the evaluators were female who were about 31 – 40 years of age, single and graduated in Bachelor degree level. Their occupations were running private business with over 20,000 baht income per month. The purpose for buying products was the souvenirs. The motivation for buying was the practical use. The result of customer satisfaction affected handicraft product from local folk weaving showed that the average highest satisfaction in styles of product was the hanging hand towels B. The satisfaction of sizes of product showed the average highest were the hanging hand towels A, B. The satisfaction of practical use of product showed the average highest was the hanging hand towels A