Специфика индивидуально-авторского стиля создания цветовой сенсорной образности в поэтическом тексте: лингвокультурологический анализ

Sensory perception of the world is the ontological basis of human existence that helps an individual to be oriented in the world. It also helps one to find the path in the most difficult circumstances of social communication. This makes it relevant to pay attention to sensory mechanisms and their functions in various fields of knowledge, from psychology to linguacultural studies. In modern linguistics, the category of sensory imagery is one of the complex phenomena, based on the author’s individual sociocultural experience. This experience is especially vividly realized in a poetic text, which is the highest form of sensory expression. In a poetic text, one can single out an independent block of color information, deliberately embedded in the content by its creators as an additional visual means. At the same time, this functionality of color is determined primarily by the peculiarities of individual author’s style in the creation of sensory visual color imagery.Sensory perception of the world is the ontological basis of human existence that helps an individual to be oriented in the world. It also helps one to find the path in the most difficult circumstances of social communication. This makes it relevant to pay attention to sensory mechanisms and their functions in various fields of knowledge, from psychology to linguacultural studies. In modern linguistics, the category of sensory imagery is one of the complex phenomena, based on the author’s individual sociocultural experience. This experience is especially vividly realized in a poetic text, which is the highest form of sensory expression. In a poetic text, one can single out an independent block of color information, deliberately embedded in the content by its creators as an additional visual means. At the same time, this functionality of color is determined primarily by the peculiarities of individual author’s style in the creation of sensory visual color imagery.Чувственное мировосприятие есть онтологическая основа существования человека, помогающая ему ориентироваться в природном мире. Она же помогает ему ориентироваться и в более сложных обстоятельствах социальной коммуникации. Все это делает актуальным внимание к сенсорным механизмам и их функционированию в самых разных областях знания, от психологии до лингвокультурологии. В современной лингвистике категория сенсорной образности выступает одним из сложных феноменов, в основе своей опирающийся на индивидуальный социокультурный опыт автора. Особенно ярко данный опыт реализуется в поэтическом тексте, представляющим собой наивысшую форму чувственной экспрессии. В таком тексте можно выделить самостоятельный блок информации, передающейся с помощью цвета, сознательно вложенный в содержание его создателями в качестве дополнительного изобразительного средства. При этом подобное функционирование цвета определяется, в первую очередь индивидуально-авторскими особенностями в создании сенсорной зрительно-цветовой образности

Personally-oriented approach in the system of education in the humanities: From monologism to dialogical model of teaching

Introduction. The formation of information society is followed, on the one hand, by unprecedented acceleration of rates of scientific and technological progress, and on the other – by activisation of sociocultural communications, which have to be focused on the ideas of respect for an individual and his or her rights, cooperation and assistance, tolerance and mutual understanding based on dialogical relations between subjects of communication (both between specific individuals and social groups). In the light of the contemporary realities, such an important component of socialisation of an individual as education in its traditional form, formed within the framework of the monological type of communications, ceases to meet the requirements of the present day. There many changes. In particular, the ideas of directive presentation of disciplines, domination of a teacher at classes, the understanding of professionalism of a specialist as having mastered a fixed amount of knowledge fall into the background.The aim of the paper was to justify the need for a gradual transition to personally-oriented teaching by introducing a dialogical teaching model into the higher education system. Methodology and research methods. The work on the article was carried out on the basis of comparative analysis and generalisation of modern scientific literature on the problems and specifics of theoretical justification and practical application of the dialogical model of education in the educational process; as well as comparison of the already established monological educational paradigm with a conceptually new approach to the learning process. Results and scientific novelty. Today, education is increasingly beginning to be recognised as a priority area of investment in people. It is stated that an urgent task at the nowadays period of the reforming of Russian education and our society in whole is the education of a creative and responsible person with communicative culture. This means that the educational process must be reoriented from the formal reproduction of concepts, techniques and ways of thinking to development of creative thinking of students. The wide application of such productive forms of pedagogical communication as educational dialogue and educational discussion will contribute to the problem solution. The most researchers who addressed this issue repeatedly pointed out that no new information and communication technologies can replace the teacher’s lively dialogue with students. Only by acquiring a real experience in the introduction of dialogue, students will be able to get professional skills and the ability to constantly self-education. The practice of dialogue promotes the development of a critical attitude to what others have said and the transformation of one’s own criticism into self-reflection.The problematic nature of the concept of “dialogue” is considered. The concept is not reduced to any one educational paradigm, and its content is generated directly in the course of pedagogical communication. Thus, in order to not get a mass consumer form a “mosaic” culture but to educate a competent specialist and a socially responsible person (the author of the act, according to Mikhail M. Bakhtin), it is necessary to shift the emphasis in the educational process from the monologic type of communication to the dialogical one, intelligently combining both approaches and avoiding absolutisation on the latter, which threatens to slide towards a thoughtless pseudo-dialogue. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used as a methodological basis for the development and practical implementation of the dialogical model of education in the system of higher education.Введение. Формирование информационного общества сопровождается, с одной стороны, беспрецедентным ускорением темпов научного и технологического прогресса, а с другой – активизацией социокультурных коммуникаций, которые ради их успешности должны быть ориентированы на идеи кооперации и содействия, толерантности и взаимопонимания, уважения личности и ее прав, что предполагает диалогические отношения между субъектами общения (как между конкретными людьми, так и социальными группами). В новых реалиях такой важный институт социализации, как образование, в его традиционной форме, сложившейся в рамках монологического типа коммуникаций, перестает отвечать вызовам времени. Глобальные социально-экономические трансформации требуют кардинального пересмотра организации  обучения  в высшей  школе.  И многое  уже  изменяется. В частности, уходят в прошлое директивный стиль изложения дисциплин, доминирование преподавателя в аудитории, представление о профессионале как носителе фиксированного объема знаний. Цель статьи – обосновать необходимость постепенного перехода системы высшего образования к личностно ориентированному обучению посредством внедрения в нее диалогической модели преподавания. Методология и методики. Работа осуществлялась с опорой на методы компаративного анализа и обобщения содержания научных публикаций, в которых отражаются аспекты теоретического обоснования и специфика практического применения диалогической модели в учебном процессе; а также на метод сопоставления устоявшейся монологической образовательной парадигмы с концептуально новым подходом к обучению. Результаты и научная новизна. Образование сегодня начинает осознаваться как приоритетная сфера инвестиций в человека. Констатируется, что главной задачей модернизации российского образования и общества в целом является воспитание творческой и ответственной личности, владеющей коммуникативной культурой. Для этого вузовская подготовка должна быть перенацелена с механического зазубривания студентами набора часто бессвязных научных фактов и формального их воспроизведения на развитие у обучающихся созидательного нестандартного мышления. Решению данной задачи будет способствовать широкое применение таких продуктивных форм педагогического общения, как учебный диалог и учебная дискуссия. Обзор трудов классиков и современных исследований показывает, что никакие новейшие информационно-коммуникативные технологии не смогут заменить живых контактов учителя с учениками. Только получив реальный опыт ведения конструктивного диалога, усвоив умения и навыки, способы и приемы его построения, студенты смогут выработать самостоятельное критическое отношение к профессиональным проблемам, обретут способность к саморефлексии и постоянному самообразованию. Рассмотрен проблемный характер понятия «диалог». Он, как и большинство гуманитарных практик, не сводится к какой-либо одной образовательной парадигме, и его содержание генерируется непосредственно в процессе педагогического общения. Чтобы получить на выходе из вуза не массового потребителя «мозаичной» культуры, а грамотного, социально ответственного специалиста (автора поступка, по М. М. Бахтину), следует сместить акцент в преподавании с монологического типа коммуникаций на диалогический, разумно сочетая их и избегая абсолютизации последнего, угрожающей скатыванием к бездумному псевдодиалогу. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в качестве методологической основы для разработки и практического внедрения диалогической модели обучения на высшей ступени образования

Bakhtin’s Dialogue as Supply Chain Value of the Contemporary Humanities

Abstract The article gives a short review on fundamentally new ideas, which were advanced by Mikhail Bakhtin in different spheres of socially humanitarian cognition based on the supply chain strategy. It is about the supply chain strategy in philosophical anthropology and ethics. The idea of the integrated approach to the study of human; in social philosophy and axiology – the priority of universal humanistic values. In cultural studies – the unity and diversity of world culture and the importance of a constructive dialogue between nations; the theoretical foundations of the “laughter and carnival culture”; in literary criticism – a dialogic understanding of an author and a hero of a narration; in stylistics – the problems of modern speech genres and the meta-language of texts. In the given article we consider the principle of “dialogic thinking” as the main methodological discovery made by M. Bahtin. Based on the method of logical extrapolation, the authors put forward the provisions on the further development of Bakhtin’s principle of “dialogical thinking” in its relation to the current humanitarian problems

Особенности современной семьи: модель взаимоотношений в России и мире

Modern society is currently undergoing the stage of transition. Such a change has an impact on all social institutions, including the family and family-marital relations. People are becoming increasingly liberated and independent. This affects marital relations, which are currently being built according to new paradigms associated with greater responsibility for oneself and less for the partner. All these are new phenomena of our social reality, requiring a new understanding and development of new social practice. To validly disclose the features of the modern model of family relations, we will build our considerations in line with evolutionary, functional, empirical and interactionist approaches, based on the assertion that the family is, first of all, a small social group, where each partner has their own, often opposing, interests, and which at the same time acts as an integral social system.Современное общество в настоящее время переживает переходный этап. Такое изменение оказывает влияние на все социальные институты, включая семью и семейно-брачные отношения. Люди становятся все более раскрепощенными и независимыми. Это сказывается на супружеских отношениях, которые в настоящее время строятся в соответствии с новыми парадигмами, связанными с большей ответственностью за себя и меньшей степени за партнера. Все это - новые явления нашей социальной реальности, требующие нового понимания и развития новой социальной практики. Чтобы достоверно раскрыть особенности современной модели семейных отношений, мы строим наши рассуждения в русле эволюционного, функционального, эмпирического и интеракционистского подходов, основанных на утверждении, что семья — это прежде всего небольшая социальная группа, где каждый партнер имеет свои, часто противоположные, интересы и которая в то же время выступает как целостная социальная система

Patients’ attitudes about the use of placebo treatments: telephone survey

Objective To examine the attitudes of US patients about the use of placebo treatments in medical care. Design: One time telephone surveys. Setting: Northern California. Participants 853 members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, aged 18-75, who had been seen by a primary care provider for a chronic health problem at least once in the prior six months. Results The response rate was 53.4% (853/1598) of all members who were eligible to participate, and 73.2% (853/1165) of all who could be reached by telephone. Most respondents (50-84%) judged it acceptable for doctors to recommend placebo treatments under conditions that varied according to doctors’ level of certainty about the benefits and safety of the treatment, the purpose of the treatment, and the transparency with which the treatment was described to patients. Only 21.9% of respondents judged that it was never acceptable for doctors to recommend placebo treatments. Respondents valued honesty by physicians regarding the use of placebos and believed that non-transparent use could undermine the relationship between patients and physicians. Conclusions: Most patients in this survey seemed favorable to the idea of placebo treatments and valued honesty and transparency in this context, suggesting that physicians should consider engaging with patients to discuss their values and attitudes about the appropriateness of using treatments aimed at promoting placebo responses in the context of clinical decision making

Factors influencing the participation of gastroenterologists and hepatologists in clinical research

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although clinical research is integral to the advancement of medical knowledge, physicians face a variety of obstacles to their participation as investigators in clinical trials. We examined factors that influence the participation of gastroenterologists and hepatologists in clinical research.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We surveyed 1050 members of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases regarding their participation in clinical research. We compared the survey responses by specialty and level of clinical trial experience.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A majority of the respondents (71.6%) reported involvement in research activities. Factors most influential in clinical trial participation included funding and compensation (88.3%) and intellectual pursuit (87.8%). Barriers to participation were similar between gastroenterologists (n = 160) and hepatologists (n = 189) and between highly experienced (n = 62) and less experienced (n = 159) clinical researchers. These barriers included uncompensated research costs and lack of specialized support. Industry marketing was a greater influence among respondents with less trial experience, compared to those with extensive experience (15.7% vs 1.6%; <it>P </it>< .01). Hepatologists and respondents with extensive clinical trial experience tended to be more interested in phase 1 and 2 studies, whereas gastroenterologists and less experienced investigators were more interested in phase 4 studies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study suggests that the greatest barrier to participation in clinical research is lack of adequate resources. Respondents also favored industry-sponsored research with less complex trial protocols and studies of relatively short duration.</p

Ethical and practical challenges of sharing data from genome-wide association studies: The eMERGE Consortium experience

In 2007, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) established the Electronic MEdical Records and GEnomics (eMERGE) Consortium (www.gwas.net) to develop, disseminate, and apply approaches to research that combine DNA biorepositories with electronic medical record (EMR) systems for large-scale, high-throughput genetic research. One of the major ethical and administrative challenges for the eMERGE Consortium has been complying with existing data-sharing policies. This paper discusses the challenges of sharing genomic data linked to health information in the electronic medical record (EMR) and explores the issues as they relate to sharing both within a large consortium and in compliance with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) data-sharing policy. We use the eMERGE Consortium experience to explore data-sharing challenges from the perspective of multiple stakeholders (i.e., research participants, investigators, and research institutions), provide recommendations for researchers and institutions, and call for clearer guidance from the NIH regarding ethical implementation of its data-sharing policy

A thematic analysis of factors influencing recruitment to maternal and perinatal trials

Background: Recruitment of eligible participants remains one of the biggest challenges to successful completion of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Only one third of trials recruit on time, often requiring a lengthy extension to the recruitment period. We identified factors influencing recruitment success and potentially effective recruitment strategies. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1966 to December Week 2, 2006, the Cochrane Library Methodology Register in December 2006, and hand searched reference lists for studies of any design which focused on recruitment to maternal/perinatal trials, or if no studies of maternal or perinatal research could be identified, other areas of healthcare. Studies of nurses' and midwives' attitudes to research were included as none specifically about trials were located. We synthesised the data narratively, using a basic thematic analysis, with themes derived from the literature and after discussion between the authors. Results: Around half of the included papers (29/53) were specific to maternal and perinatal healthcare. Only one study was identified which focused on factors for maternal and perinatal clinicians and only seven studies considered recruitment strategies specific to perinatal research. Themes included: participant assessment of risk; recruitment process; participant understanding of research; patient characteristics; clinician attitudes to research and trials; protocol issues; and institutional or organisational issues. While no reliable evidence base for strategies to enhance recruitment was identified in any of the review studies, four maternal/perinatal primary studies suggest that specialised recruitment staff, mass mailings, physician referrals and strategies targeting minority women may increase recruitment. However these findings may only be applicable to the particular trials and settings studied. Conclusion: Although factors reported by both participants and clinicians which influence recruitment were quite consistent across the included studies, studies comparing different recruitment strategies were largely missing. Trials of different recruitment strategies could be embedded in large multicentre RCTs, with strategies tailored to the factors specific to the trial and institution.Rebecca L Tooher, Philippa F Middleton and Caroline A Crowthe

The Crazy world of julius vrooder/ Somkin

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