Indian Journal of Horticulture

Not AvailableThe oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) germplasm of present study namely, Sierra Leone (SLE) and Senegal (SEN) are important genetic resource as their diversity is presumably very high due to their locations in the centre of origin of West Africa. A total of nine accessions each from two sources (SEN and SLE) were evaluated for vegetative growth traits in the nursery viz, seedling height, stem height, collar girth, leaf number, length of leaf, width of leaf, leaf area, petiole thickness and petiole length of the seedlings and their diversity were estimated using Shannon Weaver Index (SWI). The results revealed that accessions namely, SLE14 (66) and SLE13 (349) showed vigorous seedling growth; whereas, SEN02 (191) had shown dwarf vegetative growth. Diversity estimates ranged from 0.00 in SLE12 (186) for number of leaves and 0.954 in SEN01 (38) for collar girth. SLE01 (38) and SLE03 (17) had shown high diversity estimates and lowest diversity estimate was observed in SEN01 (284). Sierra Lone sources of accessions showed higher diversity than those from Senegal. Outcome obtained from the present nursery study can be utilized for advanced breeding evaluation in matured palms

Prevalence of dental caries among school-going children in Namakkal district: A cross-sectional study

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth among 4-6 years old school going children in the Namakkal District. Materials and Methods: The study covered a total of 850 school going children in a total of 26 schools in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. The age group selected for this study ranged from 4 to 6 years of age. Each child was examined in their respective schools by one of the four calibrated examiners and decay, missing and filled teeth (dmft) index was recorded along with demographic details. This study was done in September-October 2013 in a span of 1 month duration. Results: Of 850 children examined, 560 (65.88%) children had dental caries. Mean dmft score was 2.86. Prevalence of dental caries was higher in boys (69.6%) than in girls (61.5%). The untreated decay teeth accounted for 92.4%. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries among 4-6 years old children is high in the Namakkal district. The need for the creation of dental awareness among children and their primary caregivers is crucial and the need for developing immediate oral health promotion strategies including an increase in school dental health programs is recommended

Temozolomide-modulated glioma proteome: Role of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) in chemosensitivity

The current treatment for glioblastoma includes temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, yet the mechanism of action of TMZ is not thoroughly understood. Here, we investigated the TMZ-induced changes in the proteome of the glioma-derived cell line (U251) by 2D DIGE. We found 95 protein spots to be significantly altered in their expression after TMZ treatment. MS identified four upregulated spots: aspartyl tRNA synthetase glutathione synthetase, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4), and breast carcinoma amplified sequence-1 and one downregulated spot: optineurin. TMZ-induced regulation of these five genes was validated by RT-qPCR andWestern blot analysis. RNAi-mediated knockdown of IRAK4, an important mediator of Toll-like receptors signaling and chemoresistance, rendered the glioma cells resistant to TMZ. High levels of IRAK4 induced upon TMZ treatment resulted in IRAK1 downregulation and inhibition of NFkB pathway. Endogenous IRAK4 protein, but not transcript levels in glioma cell lines, correlated with TMZ sensitivity. Thus, we have identified several TMZ-modulated proteins and discovered an important novel role for IRAK4 in determining TMZ sensitivity of glioma cells through its ability to inhibit Toll-like receptor signaling and NFkB pathway

A Novel Hydrogen-Bonded Duplex Made up of Water Molecules and Halide Ions in the Sandwich Inclusion Structures of (C10H8N3S)+ X 2H2O [X=Cl-, Br-].

The X-ray crystal structures of thiabendazolium halide dihydrates (C10H8N3S)(+). X . 2H(2)O [X = Cl-, Br-] 1, 2 reveal a novel hydrogen-bonded duplex consisting of alternate edge-sharing (H2O . X)(2) quadrilaterals and (2H(2)O . X)(2) hexagons; notably these duplexes exist as host lattices and sandwich thiabendazole molecules into two different supramolecular architectures by similar N ... X and N ... O hydrogen bonds

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenolic compounds from Marsilea quadrifolia L. using RSM and ANFIS modelling

Extraction of bioactive compounds, rich in plant secondary metabolites as a form of polyphenolic compounds has gained utmost important in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their antioxidant properties. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was utilized for maximum extraction of bioactive polyphenolic compounds from Marsilea quadrifolia L. with consuming less toxic solvent. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were followed to design and optimize the experimental parameters to get highest yield of bioactive polyphenolic compounds from M. quadrifolia L. The quantitative effects of experimental parameters such as methanol concentration (X1), microwave power (X2), irradiation temperature (X3) and irradiation time (X4) were investigated to obtain the maximum yields of total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidant properties. The optimum conditions were observed at methanol concentration (X1= 87.5 %), microwave power (X2= 25 %), irradiation temperature (X3= 60 ºC) and irradiation time (X4= 15 min). Under these conditions, the highest yields of TPC (y1)= 693.28 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g), TFC (y2)= 84.86 mg rutin equivalents (RU)/g), % DPPHsc (y3)= 81.06 %, %ABTSsc (y4)= 71.34% and FRAP (y5)= 68.09 μg mol (Fe (II)/g) has been attained. Further, the experimental results were highly acknowledged with predicted values of RSM and ANFIS. The analysis of LC-ESI-MS spectrum confirmed 6 major bioactive compounds, namely, Betasitosterol, Tridecyliodide, 2,3,7,8 tetracholorodibenzofuaran, Chlorogenic acid, Pentachlorophenylacetate and Triacontyl hexacosanoate in the optimized extract of M. quadrifolia L. The optimized extract can be used as an alternative of synthetic antioxidants for product manufacturing in food and pharmaceutical industries

Recent advancements in the applications of carbon nanodots:Exploring the rising star of nanotechnology

Nanoparticles possess fascinating properties and applications, and there has been increasing critical consideration of their use. Because carbon is a component with immaterial cytotoxicity and extensive biocompatibility with different components, carbon nanomaterials have a wide scope of potential uses. Carbon nanodots are a type of carbon nanoparticle that is increasingly being researched because of their astounding properties such as extraordinary luminescence, simplicity of amalgamation and surface functionalization, and biocompatibility. Because of these properties, carbon nanodots can be used as material sensors, as indicators in fluorescent tests, and as nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In this review, we report on the ongoing and noteworthy utilization of carbon quantum dots such as bioimaging tests and photocatalytic applications. In addition, the extension and future components of these materials, which can be investigated for new potential applications, are discussed

Identification and selection of elite oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genotypes for utilisation in a breeding program

Oil palm is a vegetable oil yielding, cross-pollinated crop belonging Arecaceae family, having a high potential for increasing oil yield to fulfil the requirement of edible oil in the country. Evaluation of oil palm germplasm was carried out at ICAR-IIOPR, Pedavegi, in 73 genotypes. A correlation study reported that the height of the palm was positively correlated with height increment, rachis length, number of a leaflet, bunch number, and FFB yield. In contrast, the girth of the palm was negatively correlated with the bunch index. Two Dura genotypes viz., IC0610049-40 and IC0610051-71 with high FFB yield (276.2 and 234.6 kg palm-1 year-1, respectively) with more number of bunches palm-1 year-1 (15.3 and 16.7, respectively) and high oil to bunch ratio (20.9% for both) and one Tenera genotype IC0610049-39 with 202.5 kg FFB with 11.7 bunches palm-1 year-1 and 23.0 per cent oil to bunch ratio were selected. One low height increment Dura palm IC0610045-3 with 19.56 cm year-1 and these genotypes can be used in the future breeding program for developing mother palms for production of Tenera hybrid