Options for Energy Efficiency in India and Barriers to Their Adoption: A Scoping Study

We review the economics literature on energy efficiency in India, as a guide for further research in the area. The empirical literature has focused on four questions: How does energy efficiency in India compare with energy efficiency in other countries? What would be the energy savings (and cost savings) from adopting certain energy-efficient technologies? Why are these technologies being -- or not being -- adopted? What policies should be implemented to encourage their adoption? Most of the literature focuses on answers to the first two questions. Studies are needed that quantify factors affecting the rate of diffusion of energy-efficient technologies and rigorously evaluate reforms implemented by the Government of India, beginning in the 1990s, that could affect energy efficiency.energy efficiency, energy use, India

On Shimura's decomposition

Let $k$ be an odd integer $\ge 3$ and $N$ a positive integer such that $4 \mid N$. Let $\chi$ be an even Dirichlet character modulo $N$. Shimura decomposes the space of half-integral weight cusp forms $S_{k/2}(N,\chi)$ as a direct sum of $S_0(N,\chi)$ (the subspace spanned by 1-variable theta- series) and $S_{k/2}(N,\chi,\phi)$ where $\phi$ runs through a certain family of integral weight newforms. The explicit computation of this decomposition is important for practical applications of a theorem of Waldspurger relating critical values of $L$-functions of quadratic twists of newforms of even weight to coefficients of modular forms of half-integral weight.Comment: 12 pages, to appear in the International Journal of Number Theor

The Value of Mortality Risk Reductions in Delhi, India

We interviewed commuters in Delhi, India, to estimate their willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce their risk of dying in road traffic accidents in three scenarios that mirror the circumstances under which traffic fatalities occur in Delhi. The WTP responses are internally valid: WTP increases with the size of the risk reduction, income, and exposure to road traffic risks, as measured by length of commute and whether the respondent drives a motorcycle. As a result, the value of a statistical life (VSL) varies across groups of beneficiaries. For the most highly exposed individuals, the VSL is about 150,000 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) dollars.Health and Safety

The value of mortality risk reductions in Delhi, India

The authors interviewed commuters in Delhi, India, asking them to report their willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce their risk of dying in road traffic accidents in each of three scenarios that mirror the circumstances under which the majority of the road fatalities in Delhi occur. The WTP responses are internally valid, in the sense that WTP increases with the size of the risk reduction, income, and exposure to road traffic risks, as measured by length of commute and whether the respondent drives a two-wheeler. As a result, the"value of a statistical life"(VSL) is individuated-that is, it varies across groups of beneficiaries. For the most likely beneficiaries of road safety programs-the most highly exposed individuals-the VSL is about 150,000 PPP$.Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Roads&Highways,Airports and Air Services,Road Safety,Insurance&Risk Mitigation

Sustaining supercooled mixed phase via resonant oscillations of the order parameter

We investigate the dynamics of a first order transition when the order parameter field undergoes resonant oscillations, driven by a periodically varying parameter of the free energy. This parameter could be a background oscillating field as in models of pre-heating after inflation. In the context of condensed matter systems, it could be temperature $T$, or pressure, external electric/magnetic field etc. We show that with suitable driving frequency and amplitude, the system remains in a type of mixed phase, without ever completing transition to the stable phase, even when the oscillating parameter of the free energy remains below the corresponding critical value (for example, with oscillating temperature, $T$ always remains below the critical temperature $T_c$). This phenomenon may have important implications. In cosmology, it will imply prolonged mixed phase in a first order transition due to coupling with background oscillating fields. In condensed matter systems, it will imply that using oscillating temperature (or, more appropriately, pressure waves) one may be able to sustain liquids in a mixed phase indefinitely at low temperatures, without making transition to the frozen phase.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, Expanded version with more detail

In medium T-matrix for nuclear matter with three-body forces - binding energy and single particle properties

We present spectral calculations of nuclear matter properties including three-body forces. Within the in-medium T-matrix approach, implemented with the CD-Bonn and Nijmegen potentials plus the three-nucleon Urbana interaction, we compute the energy per particle in symmetric and neutron matter. The three-body forces are included via an effective density dependent two-body force in the in-medium T-matrix equations. After fine tuning the parameters of the three-body force to reproduce the phenomenological saturation point in symmetric nuclear matter, we calculate the incompressibility and the energy per particle in neutron matter. We find a soft equation of state in symmetric nuclear matter but a relatively large value of the symmetry energy. We study the the influence of the three-body forces on the single-particle properties. For symmetric matter the spectral function is broadened at all momenta and all densities, while an opposite effect is found for the case of neutrons only. Noticeable modification of the spectral functions are realized only for densities above the saturation density. The modifications of the self-energy and the effective mass are not very large and appear to be strongly suppressed above the Fermi momentum.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure

Trends in maternal mortality in a tertiary hospital in West Delhi

Background: Aim of current study was to find out incidence, causes and complications leading to maternal deaths in a tertiary care hospital and possible prevention of maternal deaths. Methods: Individual records of all maternal deaths over a period of five years from January 2006 to December 2010 were studied and causes of death and avoidable factors in each case were studied. Results: Major causes of maternal deaths were same throughout the study. The causes of maternal deaths were Hemorrhage (19.21%), Sepsis (15.76%), PIH (12.80%), Jaundice (8.37%). Direct obstetric causes contributed to 65.51% of cases. Indirect causes of maternal death contributed to 45.81%. Anemia alone accounted for 26.1% deaths.  Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was 362.57/100000 live births. There were 31.03% referred cases and 44.8% cases were admitted to ICU. Unbooked cases accounted for 84.72% of maternal deaths and these were mostly uneducated. Conclusions: Interventions for reduction of MMR are regular antenatal care, risk screening, skilled personnel at childbirth, good transport facilities, family planning services and safe abortion services. These facilities not only reduce burden on tertiary hospitals but also help in improving maternal prognosis

Phosphate Tether-Mediated Ring-Closing Metathesis Studies to Complex 1,3-anti-Diol-Containing Subunits

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Chegondi, R., Maitra, S., Markley, J. L., & Hanson, P. R. (2013). Phosphate Tether-Mediated Ring-Closing Metathesis Studies to Complex 1,3-anti-Diol-Containing Subunits. Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany), 19(25), 10.1002/chem.201300913. http://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201300913, which has been published in final form at doi.org/10.1002/chem.201300913. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.An array of examples of diastereoselective, phosphate tether-mediated ring-closing metathesis reactions, which highlight the importance of product ring size and substrate stereochemical compatibility, as well as complexity, is reported. Studies focus primarily on the formation of bicyclo[n.3.1]phosphates, involving the coupling of C2-symmetric dienediol subunits with a variety of simple, as well as complex alcohol cross-partners