Carotenoid composition and content in products of sea buckthorn and peach as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography

A study was conducted to analyse the carotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using reversed-phase cross linked end-capping and to study the pigment content and composition in sea buckthorn products as well as in freshly harvested fruits from peach thees grown under organic and integrated farming conditions. It was found that carotenoids in fruits of both crops occur mainly esterified with fatty acids in form of mono- and di-esters. The major carotenoids were esters of zeaxanthin, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The major carotenoids showed different response to processing of sea buckthorn being highly sensitive to thermal treatments such as blanching, cooking and drying. Significant differences were found between peach varieties in their carotenoid content, whereas the impact of organic farming on carotenoids formation was found to be variety-dependent. Two of the three varieties examined in this work, when cultivated under organic farming conditions contained lower carotenoid level as compared to that found in the fruits of the same varieties but produced in integrated farms

Carotenoid composition and content in products of sea buckthorn and peach as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography

A study was conducted to analyse the carotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using reversed-phasecross linked end-capping and to study the pigment content and composition in sea buckthorn products as well as in freshly harvested fruitsfrom peach thees grown under organic and integrated farming conditions. It was found that carotenoids in fruits of both crops occur mainlyesterified with fatty acids in form of mono- and di-esters. The major carotenoids were esters of zeaxanthin, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The major carotenoids showed different response to processing of sea buckthorn being highly sensitive to thermal treatments suchas blanching, cooking and drying. Significant differences were found between peach varieties in their carotenoid content, whereas the impactof organic farming on carotenoids formation was found to be variety-dependent. Two of the three varieties examined in this work, whencultivated under organic farming conditions contained lower carotenoid level as compared to that found in the fruits of the same varieties butproduced in integrated farms

Effects of pre-treatments on the corrosion properties of electroless Ni-P layers deposited on AlMg2 alloy

Amorphous Ni-P layers with 8-10 wt.% phosphorus were deposited by sodium hypophosphite onto AlMg2 type aluminium alloy substrates after different pre-treatments. Prior to the electroless nickel-phosphorus (ENP) deposition in an acetate and lactic acid based nickel bath, the widely applied Zn (zincate) or Ni displacement (Ni strike) pre-treatments for aluminium substrates as well as a non-conventional surface conditioning one (soaking in a warm solution containing only hypophosphite and lactic acid) were all tested and their effects evaluated on the corrosion and other properties of the Ni-P layers developed fight afterwards. The surface morphology and structure of the ENP layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Polarization resistances were measured in 0.5 mol dm(-3) Na2SO3 solution at pH 3. Compared to the direct electroless plating on the bare aluminiurn alloy AIMg2, it was found, that the hypophosphite adlayer (hypophosphite immersion pre-treatment) have also increased the corrosion resistance as the displacement pre-coatings, but without decreasing the deposition rate unlike conventional displacement methods. In the studied ENP deposition systems the decrease of corrosion rate could mainly be attributed to the lower microporosity and smoother morphology of the nickel-phosphorus coatings. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Qualitative short-term effect of cyanide and heavy metal pollution on phytoplankton and periphyton in the Rivers Tisza and Szamos (Hungary)

In early spring 2000, two incidents of bursting dams int he mines Baia Mare and Baia Borsa (Romania) produced peak amounts of cyanide (32 mg 1(-1)) and heavy metals (mostly lead [2.9 mg 1(-1) in April], copper [18 mg 1(-1) in February and 0.86 mg 1(-1) in April] and zinc [0.95 mg 1(-1) in February and 2.9 mg 1(-1) in April] – data at the Romanian-Hungarian border section). A major fish kill and severe damage of benthos populations resulted. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the accident on planktonic and periphytic algae. Apart from detailed taxonomic information, diversity, evenness and diatom indices, chlorophyll-a analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF), spectral analysis and SEM were applied. While transient damage of periphyton, especially the sensitive Chladophora glomerata, could be detected in the River Tisza, the phytoplankton did not respond. Flooding may have prevented effects by dilution. The problems related to algae as suitable biota for immediate spill effects are discussed