Study on the effects of carbohydrate-protein-coconut oil on the viability of lactobacillus bulgaricus during spray drying, simulated gastrointestinal conditions and unrefrigerated storage by simplex-lattice mixture design

Ideally, probiotics bacteria should be metabolically stable during processing, storage under unrefrigerated condition, survive passage through the upper digestive tract in large numbers for colonisation and proliferation in the large intestine, and have beneficial effects when in the intestine host. This study helps to understand the effect of feed composition towards viability of L. bulgaricus by using carbohydrate-protein-coconut oil mixtures. The encapsulation work was focused on the performance of carbohydrate-protein-coconut oil as the protective barrier. A simplex-lattice design was employed to study the effect of different feed formulation of the carbohydrate-protein-coconut oil mixtures on three response variables; the viability of L. bulgaricus after spray drying, under simulated gastrointestinal condition, and after 6 weeks storage in unrefrigerated environment. Analysis of variance and mixture design techniques were applied to identify the optimal feed composition. The optimal feed composition that results in the viability beyond the therapeutic minimum dose consisted of 30 % gum Arabic, 16.95 % gelatine and 53.05 % coconut oil. The percent of viability after spray drying, under simulated gastrointestinal condition, and after 6 weeks of storage were 4.24 %, 11.43 % and 77.36 % respectively. In conclusion, the mixture of gum Arabic - gelatine - coconut oil shows more protecting to protect against damaging of oxidative stress during storage under unrefrigerated condition

New formulation of production media for submerged cultivation of aspergillus niger for production of pectinase

Pectinase is a generic term that used from derivation of the pectin. Pectin is a complex class of carbohydrates polymer which composed of members galacturonic acid that linked through the a-1-4 glycosidic linkage and it is widely found in the primary cell walls or at the middle lamella of higher plants . Furthermore, Among different biofactories of pectinases, the filamentous fungi provide a potentially high yielding and relatively cheap option and the genus of Aspergillus has been used with a success as a production host . Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop industrial production media and a cultivation strategy for the production and secretion of pectinases in a semi-industrial scale by A. niger. In this study, the submerged cultivation was chose as a cultivation strategy for the production and secretion of pectinase in a semi-industrial scale by A. niger

Production of erythromycin antibiotic by saccharoplyspora erythraea fermentation in shake flasks and bioreactor

Recently success of erythromycin in antibiotic market over the other antibiotics was due to that erythromycin has high quality and it is cheap in price. Erythromycin received much attention because of the increasing applications of its semi-synthetic modified derivatives to infection diseases, such as azithromycin, roxithromycin and clarithromycin. It is produced by the strain Saccharoplyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraea). In this research, the aims were to optimize medium components for high erythromycin antibiotic production by the strain S. erythae via submerged fermentation using statistical technique known as response surface methodology. Glucose and yeast extract were found to have significant effect to erythromycin production using Placket-Burman experimental design for media screening. The Box-Benkhen experimental design was adopted for optimization studied. Finally, the optimal concentration of glucose, yeast extract, sodium nitrate, dipotasium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and magnesium sulphate obtained using statistical media optimization is approximately 45;8; 4; 2.5;1.0; 0.5 (g L-1), respectively. Result showed that the maximal erythromycin concentration and CDW obtained in shake flasks of optimize medium were 412.5 mg L-1 and 4.9 g L-1, respectively. Production of erythromycin antibiotic reached 30.43% under the optimize medium. Furthermore, the batch culture using new medium formulation for erythromycin production was implemented using controlled and un-controlled pH conditions. Compared with the un-controlled pH bioreactor, the controlled bioreactor was increased erythromycin concentration by 12.9 % up to 567.5 mg L-1. This present work demonstrated that great potential production of erythromycin antibiotic at industrial scale

Production of extracellular thermostable recombinant phytase by Escherichia Coli B121 (DE3) when glycerol as carbon source and induced with lactose

Phosphorus content in plants in the form of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) is also known as phytate. It serves as a primary depository form of high-energy hosphoryl groups and several divalent cations, Phytase is a type of phosphatase enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of phytic acid and undigested organic phosphorus to be released as useable form of inorganic phosphorus. In this study, a recombinant Escherichia colt BL21 (DE3) which harbouringthermostablephytase gene from Bacillus sp.MD2. It's known that IPTG as inducer is toxic to the cells and costly.Therefore, lactose has been used as an alternativeinducer in fermentation of recombinant E.coli. Unfortunately, lactose can be metabolized as carbon source and contribute to increase the metabolic overflow due to excess carbon sources during induction period which lead s to acetic acid accumulation an d lost of plasmid stability .To overcome this problem, the new synthetic glycerol minimal medium was optimized and formulated which enchanced leakage of phytase from periplasmic space to the extracellular medium. The extracellular phytase activity increased almost BB22 % approximately 1.8-fold in optimized medium when compared to un-optimized medium with the total phytase productivity o f 670j0 and 340.0 U L1 h r1, respectively after 10 hours of post-induction phase.The used of glycerol as the carbon source for the cell growth increased excretion of phytase outside the cell membrane and expression of the phytase is the highest among other types of carbon source.The yield coefficient of total phytase activity was in creased up to 102.92% which was 13,076.92 U g 'w hen statistically optimized induction strategy supplemented with glycine when compared with only lactose and CaCl3. Inconclusion, the increment of extracellular an d total phytase activity was not showing drastically improved but the productivity of the total phytase production and extra cellular phytase activity was increased up to 146.15 % and 119.9 %, respectively within 6 hours of post-induction phase

Extractive Fermentation as A Novel Strategy for High Cell Mass Production of Hetero-Fermentative Probiotic Strain Limosilactobacillus reuteri

This study reports on a novel technique to enhance the high cell mass and viable cell counts of the heterofermentative probiotic strain, Limosilactobacillus reuteri. This is the first report on the cultivation of L. reuteri, which was incorporated with weak base anion-exchange resins to remove the accumulating lactic acid in the fermentation broth. Two anion-exchange resins—Amberlite IRA 67 and IRA 96—were found to have a high adsorption capacity with lactic acid. Batch fermentation and fed-batch cultivation were further analyzed using IRA 67 resins, as this application resulted in a higher maximum number of viable cells. The in situ application of anion-exchange resins was found to create shear stress, and thus, it does not promote growth of L. reuteri; therefore, an external and integrated resin column system was proposed. The viable cell count from batch fermentation, when incorporated with the integrated resin column, was improved by 71 times (3.89 × 1011 ± 0.07 CFU mL−1) compared with control batch fermentation (5.35 × 109 ± 0.32 CFU mL−1), without the addition of resins. The growth improvement was achieved due to the high adsorption rate of lactic acid, which was recorded by the integrated IRA 67 resin system, and coupled with the stirred tank bioreactor batch fermentation process

Biosynthesis, production and application of Kefiran in food industry: A review

Kefiran is a water soluble exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria and mostly synthesized during bacterial growth. Although the information regarding the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria is still insufficient, nonetheless, the mechanism suggested for capsular polysaccharides and exopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria probable can also be accepted for gram-positive kefiran producer as they come from the same Lactobacilli sp. The production of kefiran by Lactobacilli sp. is significantly affected by the medium formulation where different types of nutrient (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous) gave different results towards the ability of the cells to produced kefiran. Moreover, the pH of medium and incubation temperature also give great impact on kerafin production. The used of kefiran has received intense attention recently in food industries besides pharmaceutical industries due to its ability to provide the desired rheological properties for the dairy products. It can be used as gelling agent, water binding agent, food packaging, thickener as well as improve self-supporting gels in food industries. The present review discusses the literature on biosynthesis, production and applications of kefiran in food industry

Growth and metabolism of lactobacillus salivarius and lactobacillus delbruekii bulgaricus isolated from mothers milk in diffrent types of probiotic

Due to health promoting effects reported for probiotics, these strains are increasingly incorporated into functional food and pharmaceutical markets. This study investigates the growth and metabolism of probiotic strains isolated from mother's mi I k in different types of prebiotic as a carbon source focusing on the production of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAJ such as lactic acid, butyric acid, propioric acid and succinic acid, Two probiotic bacteria I strains namely Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus delbreuckii bulgaricus, which were isolated from mother's milk, were evaluated both in pure and mixed cultures. The growth kinetics and metabolite profiling of SCFA were studied in different types of carbon sources such as inulin, FQ5 and Arabic gum where growth in glucose acted as control, The best growth profile was obtained using inulin in mixed cultures with maximum cell mass production of 8.23 g L', followed by FOS and glucose with values of 7.67 g L ' and 6.43 g L ' respectively, whereas specific growth rate for this culture was 0.33 h 1. Furthermore, growth of L salivarius in glucose gave the highest succinic acid production (3.99 g L_l) compared to other types of prebiotics and SCFA. Lbulgaricus produced! highest amount of lactic acid (2.39 g L 1) after 24 h of cultivation when glucose was used as the carbon source. On the other hand, growth of mixed culture of Lbulgaricus and Lsdlivarhs gave high succinic acid production (around 2.62 g L ') in F05 after 24 h cultivation. Mixed cultures of L. bulgaricus andl L salivarius in F05 gave the highest amount of total SCFA (6.47 g L 1}. As a condusion, the coneladon of the response would help to determine tfie choice of a good prebiotics for t h e probiotic's strains in order to enhance the beneficial effect to human health

Large scale production of succinic acid by fermentation of sequential inorganic salt pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch

The abundance of accumulated oil palm wastes has led to their usage as substrate in the production of organic acid such as succinic acid (SA). For the first time, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) which was pretreated using inorganic salts was utilized for SA production in a large-scale fermenter. OPEFB was pretreated sequentially using 15% (w/v) Na3PO4.12H2O and 5% (w/v) ZnCl2 solution before undergoing fermentation process in a 16 L bioreactor in the presence of Actinobacillus succinogenes ATCC 55618. The optimum fermentation conditions were adopted from small-scale setting and implemented in the large-scale setting. Two different fermentation approaches were studied; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and modified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (mSSF). This research revealed that mSSF produced higher concentration of total reducing sugars (TRS) yield and SA compared to the SSF method. SSF of inorganic salts pretreated OPEFB produced maximum SA concentration (38.85 gL-1) and yield (0.39 gg-1). Meanwhile highest TRS yield obtained from pre-hydrolysis was 0.79 gg-1 at 72 h and SA (50.5 gL-1) was acquired under the mSSF at 132 h. Therefore, mSSF is a novel process that has propitious potential for SA production in a large-scale setting which can be further executed in the industrial scale