Proliferation of SDDS Support for Various Platforms and Languages

Since Self-Describing Data Sets (SDDS) were first introduced, the source code has been ported to many different operating systems and various languages. SDDS is now available in C, Tcl, Java, Fortran, and Python. All of these versions are supported on Solaris, Linux, and Windows. The C version of SDDS is also supported on VxWorks. With the recent addition of the Java port, SDDS can now be deployed on virtually any operating system. Due to this proliferation, SDDS files serve to link not only a collection of C programs, but programs and scripts in many languages on different operating systems. The platform independent binary feature of SDDS also facilitates portability among operating systems. This paper presents an overview of various benefits of SDDS platform interoperability.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ICALEPCS 200

Interviews with Anna Erskine and Martha Soliday

Interviews with Anna Erskine and Martha E. Soliday regarding their experiences homesteading in Kansas in the late 1800s. 00:00:31 - Personal history and move to Kansas 00:03:03 - Living in a dugout 00:04:52 - Watering cattle 00:06:51 - Cool house 00:07:15 - Farming and types of trees 00:09:10 - Moving to Kansas from Illinois 00:10:40 - Trouble with Cattlmen 00:11:35 - Move to Gray County from Greenwood County 00:12:39 - Prairie fires caused by trains 00:18:49 - Early Cimarron and feud between two hotels 00:22:45 - County seat fight 00:23:47 - Employment opportunities for women and pay 00:25:30 - Teachers and schools 00:26:51 - Women homesteaders and teaching in rural schools 00:31:31 - Other jobs and education 00:33:34 - Contested claim 00:34:04 - Working at the bank in Cimarron in 1906 00:38:35 - Her only vacation 00:39:40 - Pioneer diet 00:41:23 - Treatment for colds 00:42:25 - Clothing 00:43:20 - Moving a house from Cimarron 00:46:35 - Irrigation. Recording becomes difficult to hear 00:48:28 - School entertainment 00:51:03 - Games played at school 00:55:00 - Games, Miller Boy, Needle\u27s Eye, and Post Office 00:59:34 - Prairie fires and tubmleweeds 01:00:28 - Snowstorms and teacher\u27s duties 01:03:42 - Family\u27s religious experiences. Recording quality improves. 01:08:07 - Singing school and music in the community 01:11:26 - Runaway buggy 01:13:55 - July 4, 1887 01:15:25 - Grasshopper swarms 01:16:19 - Pink lemonade 01:18:03 - Introduction to interview with Martha E. Soliday, July 9, 1961 01:18:36 - Family history and move from Tennessee 01:19:31 - Blizzard of 1886 01:21:00 - Moving from a dugout to a sod house then to Hutchinson 01:21:46 - First job 01:22:15 - Move back to Stafford County 01:22:41 - Indigenous Americans in Stafford County 01:24:15 - Romani people and Italian migrant workers 01:26:00 - Entertainment 01:27:39 - Song, Man in the moon making cheese. 01:28:06 - Grandparents and parents 01:29:05 - Her wedding in 1910 The remainder of the recording is missinghttps://scholars.fhsu.edu/sackett/1056/thumbnail.jp

Effects of prolonged standing on ground reaction force control and core muscle activation

Includes bibliographical references.2015 Summer.Prolonged standing (PS) is a common activity that is becoming more recommended in the work place. However, there’s a strong association between PS and low back pain (LBP) with up to 81% of individuals reporting LBP after 2 hours or less on their feet. There is also a noted sex difference with this LBP development during PS, with women experiencing LBP with a higher frequency than men, while men report higher pain levels of LBP than women. The specific factors involved, and sex related differences are not fully understood. One potential factor may be bilateral asymmetries in posture. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of PS on bilateral weight-bearing, ground reaction force (GRF) control (i.e., center of pressure (CoP)) and core muscle activation within healthy young adult men and women during quiet stance (QS). Twenty-four healthy, pain-free subjects (12 men, 12 women) voluntarily participated in the study (age = 22.3 ± 2.4 years, height = 1.70 ± 0.09 m, mass = 69.89 ± 11.31 kg, BMI = 24.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2 [mean ± SD]). Subjects performed two 60 second QS trials (pre-PS & post-PS) separated by one 30 minute free standing trial while bilateral GRFs under each foot and surface electromyography (sEMG) of each lumbar erector spinae (ES), gluteus medius (GM), internal obliquus (IO), and external obliquus (EO) were measured. Muscle activity was normalized to a submaximal reference contraction (%ref). Sway, maximum velocity (maxV), and path length (PL) were calculated from the CoP for both the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) foot, as well as net combined values. All CoPs were calculated in both the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, and were normalized to standing height (%height). Weight-bearing (WBAs), muscle activation (MAAs), and CoP asymmetries (CoPAs) were calculated by subtracting the ND limb from their D limb using the symmetry index (%SI) equation. There were no differences in WBAs, MAAs, or CoPAs between the pre-PS and post-PS trials, nor between the men and the women (p≥0.058). However, there was an increase in the net PL (both AP and ML), AP sway, and ML maxV after PS exposure (p≤0.003). With CoP movements, generally the ND limb was a greater contributor than the D limb for both of the QS trials. For the pre-PS trial, the ND limb had greater ML PL, AP PL, ML maxV, and AP maxV (p≤0.032), while sway did not show significant difference between the two limbs in either the ML or AP directions (p≥0.585). ML PL, AP PL, and AP maxV was greater for the ND limb (p≤0.001), while ML sway, AP sway, and ML maxV did not significantly differ between the limbs for the post-PS trial (p≥0.084). During the pre-PS trial, there was a significant correlation between the WBAs and the GM asymmetry for the women (p=0.044, r=0.615) but not the men (p=0.259, r=0.354). This correlation was not significant during the post-PS trial for either sex (p≥0.176, r≤0.418). Significant negative correlations were found between WBAs and CoPAs during the pre-PS trial for the ML sway and ML PL variables for the women (p≤0.019, r≤-0.660), and ML PL and ML maxV variables for the men (p≤0.018, r≤-0.666). During the post-PS trial, these significant correlations (also negative) were present for the ML sway, ML PL, AP PL, and AP maxV variables for the women (p≤0.024, r≤-0.644), and ML PL, AP maxV, and ML maxV variables for the men (p≤0.029, r≤-0.628). There were no significant correlations found between the absolute WBAs and net CoP movements for both of the QS trials, as well as for both sexes (p≥0.082, -0.521≤r≤0.461) The women had overall higher GM activity than the men (women = 7.6 ± 3.4 %ref, men = 4.8 ± 2.9 %ref; p=0.041). Overall ES activity decreased from the pre-PS to the post-PS trial for the men, but not the women (women = 2.1 ± 1.0 %ref, pre-PS men = 2.6 ± 1.8 %ref, post-PS men 1.8 ± 1.5 %ref; p=0.002). While these results suggest that 30 minutes of PS does not have an effect on WBAs, MAAs, or CoPAs during QS in healthy young adults, there appears to be an effect on net CoP movements, as well as sex related differences in both muscle activity and change in muscle use. Previous studies have indicated fatigue causing increased CoP movements, which suggests that PS may also be inducing low levels of fatigue. There has also been indication that men and women have differences in hip muscle activation strategies, which could be reflected in the GM activity findings. The decrease in ES activity from pre-PS to post-PS that was recorded in men and not women is possibly related to men having higher relative percentages of the more fatigable type II muscle fibers in the ES. These findings shed light on why men and women may respond differently to PS

Cultural Bias in the Assessment of Phonological Processes in Conjunction with the APP-R

Normal phonological development is characterized by phonological processes in preschool children. These processes are sound error patterns, in relation to the adult target, that are expected within the speech of normally developing children. As children grow older, they outgrow these developmental errors. Within the black English dialect, speakers may use a combination of these processes and not be considered phonologically impaired within their linguistic community. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare phonological process usage in the speech of lower socioeconomic black and white preschoolers. The APP-R in conjunction with the CAPP was administered to two groups of 15 children to determine if significant differences exist in the usage of phonological processes between the two groups. Group 1 was comprised of 15 black preschoolers from an inner-city preschool program. Group 2 was comprised of 15 white preschoolers from a Headstart program. All children were identified by their respective speech-language pathologist as having normally developing speech for their linguistic community. Data analysis revealed black preschoolers used phonological processes with a higher frequency than white preschoolers. The phonological process usage mean for the black preschoolers was 4.26% (SD = 1.94) and the mean for the white preschoolers was 1.71% (SD = 2.86). Three of the ten basic processes were determined to be significantly different between the two groups, including: consonant sequence omission, strident deviation, and velar deviation. The results were further examined to determine if either group of preschoolers was identified as needing phonological remediation based on their performance on the APP-R. None of the subjects in either group was identified as needing phonological remediation. In conclusion, results indicated black English speaking preschoolers did use significantly more phonological processes in their speech, however, the APP-R did not identify these children as needing phonological remediation. These results demonstrate the APP-R to be an appropriate assessment tool when evaluating the speech of this Portland black English speaking sample

A review and comparison of vegetation indices: An application of landsat spectral reflectance digital data to the northern range, Yellowstone National Park.

The last two decades have seen vast progress in the utilization of spectral reflectance digital data for vegetation assessment purposes. The development of over fifty vegetation indices have been documented in the literature. Although the amount of variability between these indices has been studied, no comprehensive review of indice development efforts and theories exists. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to; 1) review the history and theories behind the development of the vegetation indices that have been applied in previous research, with particular emphasis on their spectral characteristics and use in grassland environments, and; 2) compare and evaluate the vegetation indices through correlation techniques. Through these correlation techniques, it was determined that a number of the proposed indices provide transformed digital data that are highly redundant. This study identified three separate groups, with three indices each in two groups and two indices in the other, and two groups, each with only a single index. The indices within each group were equivalent in terms of the image data and the statistical analysis. The use of spectral reflectance digital data provides a unique opportunity for resource managers and other interested parties. The use of remotely acquired digital information in rangeland management applications will surely increase as its benefits and capabilities are further uncovered and incorporated into various natural resource management plans