Estudio de la comunidad de crustáceos asociados al alga invasora Aspa- ragopsis armata Harvey, 1855 del litoral de la Península Ibérica.

We studied the community of crustaceans associated to the seaweed Asparagopsis armata along the coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Nineteen stations were selected along the Cantabrian, Atlantic and Mediterranean coast. In the intertidal, five physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH and turbidity) were measured at each station; algae samples were collected (three replicates of 20x20 cm), and its coverage was estimated (five grids of 50x50 cm). Crustaceans were the dominant group (over 80% in number of specimens) followed by annelids, molluscs and echinoderms. We identified a total of 60 crustacean species (38 gammarids, seven caprellids, nine isopods, four decapods and two tanaids). The caprellids and gammarids were dominant in number. Although univariate analysis showed no significant differences regarding the number of species, abundance, diversity and evenness of Pielou among stations, the multivariate analysis showed different species composition. According to the canonical correspondence analysis, the biomass of algae, as well as the oxygen concentration, pH and salinity were the variables that best explained the distribution of species. The number of crustacean species found on A. armata in this study is similar to that recorded in the literature for other native algae.Se estudió la comunidad de crustáceos asociados al alga Asparagopsis armata en el litoral de la península Ibérica. Se seleccionaron un total de 19 estaciones situadas a lo largo de toda la costa cantábrica, atlántica y mediterránea En cada estación se midieron cinco parámetros fisicoquímicos (temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, salinidad, pH y turbidez), se recolectaron muestras del alga (tres réplicas de 20x20 cm), y se estimó su cobertura (cinco cuadrículas de 50x50 cm) en el intermareal. Los crustáceos fueron el grupo dominante (más del 80% en número de individuos), seguido de anélidos, moluscos y equinodermos. Se identificaron 60 especies de crustáceos (38 gammáridos, siete caprélidos, nueve isópodos, cuatro decápodos y dos tanaidáceos). Los gammáridos y los caprélidos fueron dominantes en número. Aunque los análisis univariantes no reflejaron diferencias significativas en el número de especies, abundancia, diversidad de Shannon y equitatividad de Pielou entre las distintas estaciones, los multivariantes mostraron diferencias en la composición de especies. Según el análisis canónico de correspondencias, la biomasa de alga, la concentración de oxígeno, el pH y la salinidad fueron las variables que mejor explicaron la distribución de las especies. El número de especies de crustáceos encontrado sobre A. armata en este estudio es similar a los registrados en la literatura para otras algas autóctonas

The caprellid Aciconula acanthosoma (Crustacea: Amphipoda) associated with gorgonians from Ecuador, Eastern Pacific

During a sampling programme focused on Anthozoa from Ecuador, the caprellid Aciconula acanthosoma was found attached to gorgonians of the genus Leptogorgia collected in Machalilla National Park in November 2012 and June 2013 between 15-20 meters depth. The present study represents the first record of A. acanthosoma for Ecuador, increasing its distribution range 3000 km southward

Patrones de abundancia de la macrofauna asociada a macroalgas marinas a largo de la Península Ibérica

macroalgae were studied on a spatial scale along the Iberian Peninsula. Nineteen stations and four dominant algae were selected (intertidal zone: Corallina elongata and Asparagopsis armata; subtidal zone: Stypocaulon scoparium and Cladostephus spongiosus). Five environmental factors were also considered (seawater temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and pH). The Atlantic coast was characterized by lower temperature and conductivity as well as higher values of oxygen and turbidity than the Mediterranean coast. A total of 106274 macrofaunal specimens were sorted and examined (68% arthropods, 27% molluscs, 4% annelids and 1% echinoderms). Crustaceans were the dominant group in all the macroalgae (ca. 80% in C. elongata and A. armata, ca. 50% in S. scoparium and C. spongiosus) followed by molluscs, which were more abundant in the subtidal algae (ca. 40%) than in intertidal ones (ca.10%). Abundance patterns of macrofauna along the Iberian Peninsula were similar in the four studied algae. Most of crustaceans belonged to the order Amphipoda, which showed high densities (>1000 ind/1000 ml algae) along the whole Peninsula; isopods showed the highest abundances in the Atlantic, while tanaids, cumaceans and decapods were more abundant in the Mediterranean. Among molluscs, gasteropods showed highest abundances along the Atlantic coasts, whereas bivalves showed higher densities along the MediterraneanSe llevó a cabo un estudio espacial de los patrones de abundancia y distribución de la macrofauna asociada a macroalgas a lo largo de la Península Ibérica. Se seleccionaron 19 estaciones y 4 algas dominantes (zona intermareal: Corallina elongata y Asparagopsis armata; zona submareal: Stypocaulon scoparium y Cladostephus spongiosus). Se consideraron también cinco variables ambientales (temperatura del agua, conductividad, oxígeno disuelto, turbidez y pH). La costa atlántica se caracterizó por valores más bajos de temperatura y conductividad, y más altos de oxígeno y turbidez. Se examinaron 106274 individuos de la macrofauna (68% artrópodos, 27% moluscos, 4% anélidos y 1% equinodermos). Los crustáceos fueron dominantes en todas las macroalgas (alrededor del 80% en C. elongata y A. armata, y en torno al 50% en S. scoparium y C. spongiosus), seguidos por los moluscos, que fueron más abundantes en el submareal (40%) que en el intermareal (10%). Los patrones de abundancia de la macrofauna a lo largo de la Península Ibérica fueron similares en las cuatro algas estudiadas. La mayoría de los crustáceos pertenecieron al orden Amphipoda, que mostró densidades muy altas (>1000 ind/1000 ml alga) en toda la Península; los isópodos mostraron las mayores densidades en el Atlántico, mientras que los tanaidáceos, cumáceos y decápodos fueron más abundantes en el Mediterráneo. Entre los moluscos, los gasterópodos mostraron abundancias mayores en el Atlántico, mientras que los bivalvos dominaron en el Mediterráneo. Teniendo en cuenta que todas las estaciones seleccionadas no tenían influencia antrópica importante, los patrones de abundancia obtenidos podrían explicarse en base a diferencias naturales en la temperatura del agua, oxígeno, conductividad y turbidez, existiendo un gradiente transicional entre taxones de aguas más cálidas (del norte de Africa y del Mediterráneo) y taxones de aguas más frías (del Mar del Norte y el Ártico)

Jornadas de Formación del Profesorado en la Enseñanza de L2-ELE : actas

Las actas de las Jornadas de Formación del Profesorado en la enseñanza de L2-ELE y la Literatura Española Contemporánea recopilan las ponencias, mesas redondas, comunicaciones y talleres que tuvieron lugar en la Universidad de Sofía 'San Clemente de Ojrid' del 10 al 12 de abril de 2008. Estas Jornadas forman parte del Plan de Formación del Profesorado de la Consejería de Educación de la Embajada de España en Bulgaria y están dirigidas al profesorado de español de enseñanza reglada y no reglada de primaria, secundaria, universidades, Instituto Cervantes y estudiantes universitarios de estudios hispánicos.Ministerio Educación CIDEES

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)