Meniere's disease: A surgeon's tactics

Surgical procedures for treating Meniere's disease are discussed. Based on the results of 250 operations, it is concluded that interventions are sufficiently effective not only with vestibular dysfunction, but also with hearing disorders. In surgical treatment of Meniere's disease, it is expedient to adhere to by-stage tactics: to start with the simplest and least traumatic interventions - operations on the nerves of the tympanic cavity, and if these are ineffective to use more complex methods, including drainage or shunting of the endolymphatic sac

Review of book-Ultrasound in Otorhinolaryngology

Ultrasonic therapy for certain diseases is discussed. Success is reported in the treatment of chronic tonsilitis, sinusitis, and Meniere's disease

Restoration of physical performance capacity of athletes after prolonged restriction of their motor activity

The effects of different regimens of treatment following prolonged hypokinesia were studied in order to determine the most effective program. The types of programs considered were passive means, consisting of physical therapy; active means, consisting of athletic training; and a combined program. In the first stage of the experiment, the effects of a 10 day period of hypokinesia were studied. It was determined that the restoration programs must address the problems of: (1) increasing defense function and general tone of the body; (2) restore orthostatic stability; and (3) increase general endurance. In later stages, groups of athletes and nonathletes underwent 30 day periods of hypokinesia. Restoration was carefully monitored for groups treated with the various regimens. It was determined that the most effective treatment was a comprehensive program of passive and active therapy

Avalanche caused catastrophes on the mountainous rivers

Alongside with the danger of snow avalanching for the objects and population, the subsequent phenomena caused by the avalanching are not less serious. One of such reasons can be the choked lakes and outflash floods on the mountainous rivers. The investigation of this matter has revealed the following. : 1. The spreading of this phenomena is typical for all mountainous regions of the world with the water courses and snow avalanches available. 2. Its danger is in the unexpected occurrence and catastrophic nature of the flood. 3. With the great number of the avalanche slides blocking in the mountainous river beds the occurrence of the outflash floods is not observed in all cases. Using the real data collected in the Western Tien Shan mountains the numerical models were elaborated which allowed to calculate the volumes of the checked lakes, the time of their outbreak, the maximum levels of the outflashing floods and the length of their spreading. The elements of the river bed morphometry, of the avalanche centers, the water and snow conditions are used in the calculations. The comparison between the real and calculated data proves the satisfactory convergence and makes it possible to begin the forecasting of such dangerous phenomena on the basis of the standard hydrometeorological data

Fabrication of metastable crystalline nanocomposites by flash annealing of Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 metallic glass using joule heating

Flash Joule-heating was applied to the Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 metallic glass for designing fully crystalline metastable nanocomposites consisting of the metastable B2 CuZr and low-temperature equilibrium Cu10Zr7 phases. The onset of crystallization was in situ controlled by monitoring resistivity changes in the samples. The effect of heating rate and annealing time on the volume fraction of the crystalline phases and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was studied in detail. Particularly, an increase of the heating rate and a decrease of the annealing time lead to a lower number of equilibrium Cu10Zr7 precipitates and an increase of tensile ductility. Tailoring of these non-equilibrium microstructures and mechanical properties may not be possible unless one starts with a fully glassy material that opens new perspectives for designing metastable nanomaterials with unique physical properties