ГУСТОТА СЕМЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ОГУРЦА ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ КАПЕЛЬНОГО ОРОШЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ УКРАИНЫ

The results of three-year study of density of cucumber seed-plants when using drop irrigation in condition and planting system 50+90 сm are shown. The optimal plant density for seed production purposes is 70 thousand plants on 1 hectare.Приведены результаты изучения различной густоты стояний растений при выращивании огурца на семенные цели на фоне капельного орошения при схеме размещения 50+90 см, которые свидетельствуют, что оптимальной густотой стояния является 70 тыс. растений на 1 га

Orientation, substructure, and optical properties of rutile films

The orientation, optical properties, and substructure of rutile films prepared by thermal and pulsed photon assisted oxidation of single crystal Ti films were investigated by transmission electron micros copy, optical spectroscopy, and high energy electron diffractionyesBelgorod State Universit

КООРДИНАЦИЯ СЕМЕНОВОДСТВА В СТРАНАХ СНГ

On January 25-26, 2018 in Samarkand (Republic of Uzbekistan) on the basis of the Samarkand Agricultural Institute the 19th meeting was held Intergovernmental Coordination Council on seed production of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The participants of the international meeting considered the creation and introduction of new selection varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops, discussed topics related to the introduction of resource-saving technologies in selection, variety testing, and seed production. 25-26 января 2018 года в Самарканде (Республика Узбекистан) на базе Самаркандского сельскохозяйственного института состоялось 19-е заседание Межправительственного координационного совета по вопросам семеноводства Содружества Независимых Государств. Участники международного совещания рассмотрели вопросы создания и внедрения в производство новых селекционных сортов и гибридов сельскохозяйственных культур, обсудили темы, касающиеся внедрения ресурсосберегающих технологий в селекции, сортоиспытании, семеноводстве.

Factors affecting DH plants <i>in vitro</i> production from microspores of European radish

Over the recent years the market demand for scaling up the production of European radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties and hybrids for open and protected production, varying in ripeness group, root shape and color, has drastically increased. Therefore, the expansion of genetic diversity and acceleration of the selection process are important. Doubled haploid technology considerably curtails the time required for creation of homozygous constant parental cell lines when in vitro microspore culture is used as the most promising method. For the first time, we were able to realize the full production cycle of DH plants of European radish by in vitro microspore culture up to inclusion of the produced material into the selection process. We have selected: preferable flower bud size, heat shock parameters, induction and regeneration media. It was revealed that linear length on the flower buds with the best possible stage of microspore development is genotype-specific: the flower bud length 2.8-3.3 mm is optimal for accessions of Rhodes and 3.7-4.2 mm is optimal for accessions of Teplichny Gribovsky. Heat shock at 32 °C for 48 hours is the most suitable for most genotypes. For the first time Murashige and Skoog based culture medium has been used for embryogenesis induction, and a major dependence of embryogenesis induction on the genotype x medium interaction was found. At regeneration and tiller stage it is advisable to add 1 mg/mL of benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/L of gibberellic acid to the medium, and rotting of micro-sprouts is performed with the use of hormone-free medium. Analysis of the produced regenerant plants by chromosome count and cell nucleus flow cytometry showed that 69 % of plants have a diploid chromosome set, 9 % have a haploid chromosome set, and 22 % have mixoploids and aneu-ploids chromosome sets. The seed progeny from doubled haploids and mixoploids were obtained by self-pollination, where all R1 plants had a doubled set of chromosomes. This study launches the development of an efficient method of radish doubled haploid production to be used in the selection process

Fraud in the banking system of Ukraine: ways to combat taking into account foreign experience

The article aims to identify effective ways to combat bank fraud in Ukraine. Using the method of systematic analysis of theoretical experience, practical measures and international legislation in the field of combating banking fraud, the main factors influencing the bank fraud level are identified: financial instability of the banking institution, lack of information about the client's credit history, poor internal control, low level of corporate governance, lack of a standard procedure for customers verification, lack of a unified register of bank employees, imperfect legal regulators and a banking control system. The study allowed to identify the characteristics of an effective banking fraud combating system: a clear definition of the legal framework, regulation subjects and objects, strict and guaranteed liability for violations of laws, cooperation of structural units and regulatory authorities at the domestic and international level, state control of financial monitoring. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the successful experience of developed countries, comprehensive implementation of measures to combat bank fraud (at the legislative, bank management and technological level) will not only reduce the level of bank fraud, but also corruption, money laundering and terrorist financing rate

The 100th anniversary of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, the leader of Russian scientific vegetable growing

This year, the staff of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC) celebrates their 100th anniversary. Prof. S. I. Zhegalov was the recognized founder of the institution, which was reorganized from Gribovo Vegetable Experimental Station. Its team started with 14 employees, and the experimental crop area was slightly less than 4 hectares. In a short period of time (1920 to 1927), 74 cultivars of the most popular vegetable crops and a number of flower crop varieties were developed and improved. The second period of the Station’s development (1937 to 1966) was associated with the name of Acad. E. I. Ushakova. During this period, a pleiad of talented scientific plant breeders emerged and thrived: A. V. Alpatyev, S. P. Agapova, E. M. Popova, A. D. Plinka, Yu. A. Kobyakova, and others. In 1971, Gribovo Experimental Station was transformed into the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops (VNIISSOK). The Institute was headed by Acad. P. F. Sokol. Under his leadership, capacity building and logistic support of the Institute were promoted: new facilities were built, and the experimental production network was expanded. Despite the difficulties associated with the reorganization and the financial and political situation in the country in 1992–2017, the staff achieved significant results during the years of the directorship by Acad. V. F. Pivovarov. New cultivars were developed to meet the demand; they occupied more than 50% of the crop area under vegetables across the country. Each year, the Institute produced 200–300 tons of elite and cultivar seeds. In 2017, the Institute was merged into the Federal Scientific Vege table Center as the keystone element. The Center also incorporated the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Production and seven experiment stations throughout the Russian Federation. The Institute has been successfully cooperating with the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for many years, exchanging germplasm materials and experience, and jointly developing vegetable cultivars

АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ОЦЕНКИ СРЕД КАК ФОНОВ ДЛЯ ОТБОРА НА НИЗКИЙ УРОВЕНЬ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ РАДИОНУКЛИДОВ КАПУСТОЙ КИТАЙСКОЙ И ПЕКИНСКОЙ

The study is aimed to examine the environmental conditions and backgrounds in Russian Federationand Republicof Belarusfor utilization for breeding of Chinese cabbage and Pack Choi for resistance to accumulation of the radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr.Работа посвящена изучению и оценке сред в Российской Федерации и Республике Беларусь для использования в селекции капусты китайской и пекинской на устойчивость к накоплению радионуклидов 137Cs и 90Sr

Технология укоренения удвоенных гаплоидов редиса европейского, полученных в культуре микроспор in vitro

Relevance. Doubled haploids (DH-plants) are excellent material for genetic research and breeding due to their complete homozygosity. The genus Raphanus from the Brassicaceae family is the toughest to produce doubled haploid plants through isolated microspore culture in vitro (IMC). The study of the causes of disturbed root formation and the development of elements of this stage of technology will significantly increase the effectiveness of the IMC technology for European radish.Methods. The study included three varieties from the collection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC): Teplichny Gribovsky, Rozovo-krasniy s belim konchikom and Rhodes. The experiments used a standard protocol for obtaining DH plants using IMC technology in a standard form and with a modification of the rooting stage. The solid MS medium (with agar 7g/L): MS without hormones, MS medium supplemented with IAA at concentrations of 0.5; 1 and 2 mg / L and liquid MSm medium supplemented with 0.1 mg / L kinetin were used for rooting of regenerated plants. All media were supplemented with 20 g/L sucrose. We used three types of techniques for transplanting plant explants onto a solid hormonefree MS medium: planting micro-shoots with their basal part immersed by 2-3 mm into the medium; planting in a well made in a nutrient medium using tweezers under sterile conditions; and landing on the surface of the medium without embedment.Results. In this work, we studied the features of the stage of rooting of regenerated European radish plants in vitro conditions. The transplant technique has been proven to be important for the successful establishment of radish micro-shoots. Plant explants must be planted strictly on the surface of a solid hormone-free nutrient medium MS, without embedment. The use of tubes with bridges made of filter paper and MSm liquid medium with the addition of 0.1 mg/L kinetin for the induction of root formation also showed high efficiency. For plants prone to the formation of root-like structures (RLS) with secondary tumors (ST), multiple dissection of abnormal formations with successive transplants is necessary. Modification at the rooting stage of micro-shoots growing has increased the percentage of successfully adapted DH plants in vivo conditions from 0-14% to 95-98%.Актуальность. Удвоенные гаплоиды (DH-растения), являются превосходным материалом для генетических исследований и селекции за счет полной гомозиготности. Род Rathanus в семействе Brassicaceae является самым не отзывчивым к технологии получения удвоенных гаплоидов с помощью культуры изолированных микроспор in vitro (IMC). Изучение причин нарушения корнеобразования у растений-регенерантов и отработка элементов этого этапа технологии, позволит значительно повысить эффективность IMC технологии для редиса европейского.Методы. В исследование были включены три сортообразца из коллекции ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» (ФГБНУ ФНЦО): Тепличный Грибовский, Розово-красный с белым кончиком и Родос. В ходе экспериментов использовали стандартный протокол получения DH-растений с помощью IMC технологии в стандартном виде и с модификацией этапа укоренения. Для укоренения использовали твердую (агар 7 г/л) среду MS: безгормональная и MS с добавлением ИУК (в концентрациях 0,5; 1 и 2 мг/л) и жидкая питательная среда MSm с 0,1 мг/л кинетина. Концентрация сахарозы во всех средах составляла 20 г/л. Использовали три вида техники пересадки растительных эксплантов на агаризованную безгормональную среду MS: посадка микропобегов с погружением их базальной части на 2-3 мм в среду; посадка в лунку, сделанную в питательной среде с помощью пинцета в стерильных условиях; и посадка на поверхность среды без заглубления.Результаты. В настоящем исследовании изучены особенности этапа укоренения растенийрегенерантов редиса европейского в условиях in vitro. Показано, что для успешного укоренения микропобегов редиса важна техника пересадки. Растительные экспланты необходимо высаживать строго на поверхность твердой безгормональной питательной среды MS без заглубления. Использование для индукции корнеобразования жидкой среды MSm с добавлением 0,1 мг/л кинетина в пробирках с мостиками из фильтровальной бумаги также показала высокую эффективность. Для растений, склонных к образованию корнеплодоподобных структур (КС) с вторичными опухолями (ВО), необходима многократная диссекция аномальных образований с последовательными пересадками. Модификация этапа укоренения микропобегов повысила процент успешной адаптации DH-растений в условиях in vivo с 0-14% до 9598%