Вплив Бахмутського повітового земства на розвиток сільського господарства (1859-1916 рр.)

У статті розглядається діяльність Бахмутського земства по виконанню положень Реформи 1861 р., землекористування і оподаткування, заходів по забезпеченню населення продовольством на випадок засухи і епізоотій, сприяння залісенню балок, бджільництву, садівництву, впорядкуванню сіл. Вивчені заходи Столипінської реформи в повіті по переселенню до Казахстану, Середньої Азії, Сибіру в 1910-916 рр.В статье рассматривается деятельность Бахмутского земства по выполнению положений Реформы 1861 г., землепользования и налогообложения, мер по обеспечению населения продовольствием на случай засухи и эпизоотий, содействия облесению балок, пчеловодству, садоводству, благоустройству сел. Изучены меры Столыпинской реформы в уезде по переселению в Казахстан, Среднюю Азию, Сибирь в 1910-1916 гг.The article investigates the activities of Bakhmut district council (zemstvo) aimed at the implementation of 1861 reform’s regulations, land tenure, taxation, and measures taken to provide the population with to assist in afforestation of gullies, bee – keeping, gardening and improvement of villages. The stolypin reform’s measures in the country (uyezd) concerning the immigration to Kazakhstan, Middle Asia and Siberia in 1910 – 1916 are investigated in the article

Purification and characterization of a β-like DNA polymerase from Trypanosoma cruzi

A DNA polymerase was purified to near homogeneity from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. This preparation had a major polypeptide of 50 kDa and a minor band of 45 kDa. SDS-PAGE studies and a novel colorimetric activity gel technique demonstrated that the 50-kDa polypeptide chain is the catalytic subunit of this T. cruzi DNA polymerase. Western blot analysis of different purification stage fractions strongly suggests that this 50-kDa protein is the intact catalytic subunit and does not correspond to a degradation product from a larger one. This T. cruzi DNA polymerase is insensitive to aphidicolin, butylphenyldeoxyguanosine triphosphate, berenil, ethidium bromide and N-ethylmaleimide, but is markedly inhibited by the dideoxythymidine triphosphate analogue. Studies with different DNA templates showed that the DNA polymerase prefers activated DNA as substrate and that it cannot elongate oligoriboadenylate primers. The data presented in this paper are consistent with the hypothesis that th

Colorimetric detection of DNA polymerase activity after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

A nonradioactive method is developed to detect DNA polymerase activity after sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing gapped DNA as template. The technique is based on the use of digoxigenin- or biotin-labeled deoxynucleotides during DNA synthesis, and their detection by means of an anti-digoxigenin antibody-alkaline phosphatase conjugate or by a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The detection of the DNA polymerase catalytic subunit is achieved after incubation of the gels with colorimetric alkaline phosphatase substrates. The technique is able to detect nanogram amounts of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and picogram amounts of its Klenow fragment. The results with other DNA polymerases and E. coli extracts suggest that this colorimetric detection system could be used for the analysis of an extended range of DNA polymerase enzymes. The method presented in this report offers an alternative to the already described radioactive techniques for detection of DNA polymerase activity after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (C) 1994 Academic Press,Inc

Trypanosoma cruzi: Correlation Between Karyotype Variability and Isoenzyme Classification

Forty-three Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from Chile and Colombia and three cloned stocks from Bolivia and Brazil were studied at the karyotype level by hybridization with four different parasite gene probes to chromosomes separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results showed that classification of parasite isolates based on isoenzyme analysis at 12 or more genetic loci correlated with the classification obtained by molecular karyotype analysis. However, less correlation was found between molecular karyotypes and the zymodemes Z1, Z2Bra, Z2Bol, and Z3 based on analysis at only two genetic loci. All the four probes used in this study allowed differentiation between different T. cruzi stocks but the SAPA and the antigen 13 probes were most informative. Isolates which were unclassified at the isoenzyme level were also studied and in most cases similar hybridization patterns were observed as obtained with one or more isoenzyme-classified isolates. The results demonstrate the pote

Evidence of absence of Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast DNA methylation by restriction endonuclease analysis

Evidence of absence of Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast DNA methylation by restriction endonuclease analysis. International Journal for Parasitology bd21: 863-866. Eight kinetoplast DNA samples from very different T. cruzi zymodemes were digested with the isoschizomer group of enzymes (MspI-HpaII) and (MboI-Sau 3AI), able to detect DNA methylation on cytidine and adenine for the CCGG and GATC sequences, respectively. Restriction digestion analysis of each kDNA with both isoschizomer groups of enzymes did not display a different profile suggesting that maxicircles and minicircles on this trypanosomatid are not methylate

Effects of mammal host diversity and density on the infection level of Trypanosoma cruzi in sylvatic kissing bugs

© 2014 The Royal Entomological Society. Several reports have described host species diversity and identity as the most important factors influencing disease risk, producing either dilution or amplification of the pathogen in a host community. Triatomine vectors, mammals and the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) Chagas are involved in the wild cycle of Chagas disease, in which infection of mammals occurs by contamination of mucous membranes or skin abrasions with insect-infected faeces. We examined the extent to which host diversity and identity determine the infection level observed in vector populations (i.e. disease risk in humans). We recorded infection in triatomine colonies and on the coexisting host mammalian species in semi-arid Chile. Host diversity, and total and infected host species densities are used as predictor variables for disease risk. Disease risk did not correlate with host diversity changes. However, the densities of each infected rode

Molecular karyotype and schizodeme analyses of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from Chilean triatomines

Forty-one Trypanosoma cruzi stocks isolated from the Chilean vectors Triatoma infestans and Triatoma spinolai were characterized by pulse-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting with the cruzipain gene, and by schizodeme analysis of kinetoplast DNA with EcoRI and Msp I. Seven parasite groups were found by molecular karyotype which correlate with schizodeme and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, supporting the concept of clonal propagation for Trypanosoma cruzi. A predominant T. cruzi stock was isolated from domiciliary T. infestans in several geographical areas of Chile. In contrast, other frequently found genotypes were circulating in the sylvatic and domestic transmission cycles of specific geographical areas. The greatest heterogeneity of T. cruzi stocks was found among sylvatic T. spinolai where at least 4 genotypes were obtained from a sample of 16 T. cruzi stocks