Chemotherapy extravasation results in skin necrosis and cellulitis: A case report [Kemoterapi ekstravazasyonuna bağlı deri nekrozu ve selülit: Bir olgu sunumu]

Extravasation, the accidental leakage of an anticancer agent from a vessel into the surrounding tissues, can lead to irreversible local injuries and severe disability. Altough several oral chemotherapy agents have been developed, most chemotherapy agents are administered intravenously. The extravasation of cancer chemotherapeutic agents can easily occur and may cause severe and irreversible local injuries. The incidence of extravasation of chemotherapeutic agents has been reported to ocur in 0.01–6.9% of cases. Extravasated drugs are classified according to their potential for causing damage as vesicant, irritant and nonvesicant. In this report we represent a multipl myeloma patient who has skin necrosis and cellulitis after chemotherapy infusion. © 2015 Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology

Autologous serum skin test versus autologous plasma skin test in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria

Previous studies indicate that 25-45% of chronic urticaria patients have an autoimmune etiology. Autologous serum skin test (ASST) and autologous plasma skin test (APST) are simple tests for diagnosing chronic autoimmune urticaria (CAU). However, there are still some questions about the specificity of these tests. This study consisted of 50 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and 50 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals aged 18 years, and older. A total of 31 (62%) patients and 5 (10%) control patients had positive ASST; 21 (42%) patients and 3 (6%) control patients had positive APST. Statistically significant differences were noted in ASST and APST positivity between the patient and control groups (ASST P<0.001; APST P<0.001). Thirteen (26%) patients and 5 (10%) control patients had antithyroglobulin antibodies or antithyroid peroxidase antibody positivity. No statistically significant differences were noted in thyroid autoantibodies between the patient and control groups (anti-TG P=0.317; anti-TPO P=0.269). We consider that the ASST and APST can both be used as in vivo tests for the assessment of autoimmunity in the etiology of CSU and that thyroid autoantibodies should be checked even when thyroid function tests reveal normal results in patients with CSU. © 2013 Aysegul Alpay et al

Evaluation of serum trail level and DR4 gene variants as biomarkers for vitiligo patients

[No abstract available

A case of feohifomicosis caused by Phialophora verrucosa [Phialophora verrucosa nin etken oldugu feohifomikoz olgusu]

In tropical climate regions, black fungal skin in fections may occur by traumatic ino - culation of the pathogens found in soil, trees or damaged plants. Black fungus often causes infections in immunosuppressive patients while a rare culprit in healthy individuals. In this article, a case of 72 years old female with phaeohyphomycosis due to Phialophora verrucosa has been presented. The lesion had begun as a small papule on the right ankle that had started 1 year ago, which turned out to be an ulcerated nodule. The patient was leading a life in rural district and was on systemic immunosuppressive treatment with a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis for 20 years. Treatment with itraconazole 400 mg/day for 4 months resulted with complete recovery. This case shows that though rarely, phaeohyphomycosis may be seen out of tropical regions and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodular lesions

The association of FOXO3A gene polymorphisms with serum FOXO3A levels and oxidative stress markers in vitiligo patients

Vitiligo is an acquired epidermal pigment loss of the skin. Oxidative stress is one of the major theories in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. FOXO3A is the forkhead members of the class O (FOXO) transcription factors, and plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA repair. The aim of our study was to investigate FOXO3A gene polymorphisms and FOXO3A protein levels, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase antioxidant enzymes in vitiligo patients and healthy controls. Moreover, the level of plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in subjects was evaluated to understand the possible role of protein oxidation in disease etiology. Study groups included 82 vitiligo patients and 81 unrelated healthy controls. FOXO3A polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. FOXO3A levels and catalase activity were measured by ELISA whereas AOPP levels and SOD activity was measured by spectrophotometric analysis. We found a significant relationship between rs4946936 polymorphism of FOXO3A gene and vitiligo/active vitiligo patients (p = 0.017; p = 0.019 respectively), but not for rs2253310 (p > 0.05). SOD activity and AOPP levels of vitiligo patient were increased compared with control group, whereas FOXO3A levels and catalase enzyme activity of vitiligo patient were decreased compared with control group (p < 0.05). Our study indicates that rs4946936 of FOXO3A gene may associate susceptibility of vitiligo, especially active vitiligo. Moreover, our results confirm that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of vitiligo. Further studies with larger samples are required to elucidate the role of FOXO3A in vitiligo. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma: Histomorphologic features and differential diagnosis

Aim. Cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma is a rare morphologic type of Kaposi sarcoma. So far there are no cases in the literature defining the histological features of this morphologic spectrum in detail. In this study we presented two classical-type cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma cases with histologic findings resembling cavernous hemangioma in company with clinical and histopathological data. Cases. One hundred and eighty-five classical-type cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma lesions in 79 patients were assessed retrospectively in terms of histopathological features. Findings of two cases showing features of cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma whose clinical data could be accessed were presented in accompany with the literature data. Both cases were detected to have bluish-purple, protruded, irregularly bordered cutaneous lesions. Histopathological examination revealed a lesion formed by cavernous hemangioma-like vascular structures organized in a lobular pattern that became dilated and filled with blood. Typical histological findings of early-stage KS, consisting of mononuclear inflammation, extravasated erythrocytes, and a few immature vascular structures in superficial dermis, were observed. All cases were serologically HIV-1 negative. A positive reaction with HHV-8, CD31, CD34, and D2-40 monoclonal antibodies was identified at both cavernous hemangioma-like areas and in immature vascular structures. Results. Cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma is a rare Kaposi sarcoma variant presenting with diagnostic challenges, that may be confused with hemangioma. As characteristic morphological features may not be observed in every case, it is important for diagnostic purposes to show immunohistochemical HHV-8 positivity in this variant. © 2013 Nilüfer Onak Kandemir et al

Imunopatogênese da psoríase: revisando conceitos Reviewing concepts in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis

O conhecimento sobre a fisiopatogenia da psoríase possibilitou o desenvolvimento de ferramentas terapêuticas que visam ao bloqueio do seu gatilho imunológico. Paralelamente, citocinas como o TNF têm sido reconhecidas como integrantes da etiopatogenia da psoríase e comorbidades a ela relacionadas. Estudos genéticos e epidemiológicos contribuíram efetivamente para as conclusões a que se tem chegado atualmente sobre esta complexa patologia.<br>Insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis led to the development of therapeutic tools aimed at blocking its immunological trigger. In parallel, cytokines such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been recognized as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its associated comorbidities. Genetic and immunological studies have contributed effectively towards establishing the currently held concepts regarding this complex disease