A PROJECT MANAGEMENT GEOINFORMATICS UTILITY FOR HEALTH PROTECTION AND SANITARY DRAWINGS IN GREEN CONSTRUCTIONS - INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS

This research study analyses the life cycle assessment of different waste management techniques and sanitary drawings in landfilled waste treatment units' biotechnology at Community Health Centres design for the protection of Public Health from biogas emissions, leachate hazardous toxic acids and landfill biomass biodegradation stages. The environmental impact assessment is examined of associative pollution spaces of Community Health Centres minimising the relative public health's risks. Moreover, it examines the significance of phytobioremediation techniques for landfills' heavy metal concentrations and associated risks minimisation. Reclamation works are examined in associated risks minimisation of toxic hazardous concentrations that could enter in water resources, food chain and agricultural resources. A useful geoinformatics utility is presented in this research study for project management of associated infrastructures in green sustainable construction designs; the optimum operation of Health Centres and associated infratructures for the protection of Public Health

A PROJECT MANAGEMENT GEOINFORMATICS UTILITY FOR HEALTH PROTECTION AND SANITARY DRAWINGS IN GREEN CONSTRUCTIONS - INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS

This research study analyses the life cycle assessment of different waste management techniques and sanitary drawings in landfilled waste treatment units' biotechnology at Community Health Centres design for the protection of Public Health from biogas emissions, leachate hazardous toxic acids and landfill biomass biodegradation stages. The environmental impact assessment is examined of associative pollution spaces of Community Health Centres minimising the relative public health's risks. Moreover, it examines the significance of phytobioremediation techniques for landfills' heavy metal concentrations and associated risks minimisation. Reclamation works are examined in associated risks minimisation of toxic hazardous concentrations that could enter in water resources, food chain and agricultural resources. A useful geoinformatics utility is presented in this research study for project management of associated infrastructures in green sustainable construction designs; the optimum operation of Health Centres and associated infratructures for the protection of Public Health

A PROJECT MANAGEMENT UTILITY FOR AGRICULTURAL FACILITIES AND PUBLIC HEALTH

This research study analyses the project management of agricultural facilities that protect agricultural food and public health from associated toxic hazardous landfill emissions and risks. Project management is presented by the development of a geoinformatics utility so as to improve operational management not only in food production minimizing the consumption of resources but also to improve the bio capacity development of the services and products through effective constructions minimizing risks for public health. Useful results are presented based on geoinformatics utility that develops sanitary drawings in sustainable designs minimizing risks and indoor pollution hazardous emissions in working spaces minimizing health risks

A PROJECT MANAGEMENT UTILITY FOR AGRICULTURAL FACILITIES AND PUBLIC HEALTH

This research study analyses the project management of agricultural facilities that protect agricultural food and public health from associated toxic hazardous landfill emissions and risks. Project management is presented by the development of a geoinformatics utility so as to improve operational management not only in food production minimizing the consumption of resources but also to improve the bio capacity development of the services and products through effective constructions minimizing risks for public health. Useful results are presented based on geoinformatics utility that develops sanitary drawings in sustainable designs minimizing risks and indoor pollution hazardous emissions in working spaces minimizing health risks

Properties of enteric nervous system stem cells and their potential for clinical transplantation

The enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic innervations of the gastrointestinal tract, consists of multiple neuronal and glial cells. However, during embryonic development, abnormalities in the colonization of the gut by ENS progenitors can result in lack of neurons in the colon and subsequent defective bowel function, a phenotype which characterizes the congenital disorder Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). The current treatment of HSCR is surgery but chronic post-operative complications have stimulated research aimed at developing the use of ENS progenitor cell transplants as an adjunct therapy. During the last two decades ENS progenitor cells and their neuronal and glial derivatives have been cultured in vitro as aggregates called neurospheres. Upon transplantation into explants of aganglionic embryonic colon, neurospheres have been shown to restore a normal pattern of contractility. However, the behaviour of neurosphere cells and the mechanisms controlling them either in the neurosphere or after transplantation still need to be established. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the proliferation, differentiation and migratory behaviour of ENS progenitors in vitro. Results showed that although neurospheres are a mixture of cells expressing different markers, dividing cells follow a pattern. It was demonstrated that cells with high proliferation rate were localized at the periphery of the neurosphere. Upon division some of these cells moved towards the centre and slowed down or stopped proliferating, whereas the rest remained at the periphery and divided further. In both cases, their phenotype changed and they started expressing markers of differentiation. The phenotypic change and the proliferation rate were found to be regulated by the Notch signalling pathway. In addition, transplantation experiments in bowel explants showed that these cells were able to migrate into the gut in the presence or absence of an intrinsic ENS. Migration was also observed when neurospheres were transplanted to different tissues indicating the high migratory potential of these cells. In conclusion the results of the present thesis give more light in understanding the properties and behaviour of neurosphere cells and represent one step closer to the treatment of bowel disorders such as HSCR.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Regulation of Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation in Enteric Nervous System Neurospheres

<div><p>Enteric nervous system (ENS) progenitor cells isolated from mouse and human bowel can be cultured <em>in vitro</em> as neurospheres which are aggregates of the proliferating progenitor cells, together with neurons and glial cells derived from them. To investigate the factors regulating progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, we first characterised cell proliferation in mouse ENS neurospheres by pulse chase experiments using thymidine analogs. We demonstrate rapid and continuous cell proliferation near the neurosphere periphery, after which postmitotic cells move away from the periphery to become distributed throughout the neurosphere. While many proliferating cells expressed glial markers, expression of the neuronal markers β-tubulin III (Tuj1) and nitric oxide synthase was detected in increasing numbers of post-mitotic cells after a delay of several days. Treatment of both mouse and human neurospheres with the γ-secretase inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) reduced expression of the transcription factors Hes1 and Hes5, demonstrating inhibition of Notch signaling. DAPT treatment also inhibited progenitor cell proliferation and increased the numbers of differentiating neurons expressing Tuj1 and nitric oxide synthase. To confirm that the cellular effects of DAPT treatment were due to inhibition of Notch signaling, siRNA knockdown of RBPjκ, a key component of the canonical Notch signaling pathway, was demonstrated both to reduce proliferation and to increase neuronal differentiation in neurosphere cells. These observations indicate that Notch signaling promotes progenitor cell proliferation and inhibits neuronal differentiation in ENS neurospheres.</p> </div

Cell migration and proliferation in chimeric mouse neurospheres.

<p>eGFP expressing neurosphere cells were centrifuged onto unlabeled intact neurospheres to produce chimeric neurospheres. Wholemount fluorescence images of living neurospheres taken (A) after 24 h and (B) after 96 h culture, showing green eGFP fluorescence: note that after 96 h the boundary between labeled and unlabeled cells has become diffuse. C, 8 µm equatorial section of typical chimeric neurosphere after 96 h culture, at the end of which the neurospheres had been incubated with 10 µM BrdU for 1 hour before fixation. Note that eGFP cells have migrated into the unlabeled half of the chimeric neurosphere (C, arrow heads), and that BrdU labelling (red) is restricted to the periphery of the chimeric neurosphere. Scale bars = 100 µm.</p

Analysis of proliferation of mouse neurosphere cells expressing neuronal and glial markers.

<p>Neurosphere cells were dissociated and allowed to attach to chamber slides immediately after a 1 h pulse of 10 µM EdU (open columns), or after a 96 h chase in the absence of EdU (closed columns). The vertical axis shows the percentage of cells positive for specific phenotypes that had also incorporated EdU. Error bars represent SEM (n = 3 separate experiments). A two-tailed t-test was performed for differences between before and after chase (open and closed columns) for each marker. * p<0.05; ** p<0.075.</p

Cell proliferation in mouse neurospheres after continuous labeling and pulse-chase with BrdU.

<p>A, B: Continuous labelling with 10 µM BrdU after 6 h (A) and 96 h (B) culture. C, D: Labelling after 1 h pulse of 10 µM BrdU, neurospheres immediately after the pulse (C), and 96 h after chase in absence of BrdU (D). Images show immunostaining for BrdU of sections taken through the equatorial region of the neurospheres, counterstained with DAPI. E: Ratio of BrdU stained nuclei in the inner 50%/outer 50% of the area of the sections. Values are means±SEM (n>5) from 2 independent experiments. *p<0.01. Scale bar = 25 µm.</p