Effets des extraits vegetaux sur la dynamique de populations des insectes ravageurs de niebe, Vigna unguiculata,/i> walp, dans le Sud du Togo

La présente étude se propose de trouver une alternative de l’utilisation des pesticides chimiques en testant l’effet insecticide des extraits aqueux des feuilles de Hyptis suaveolens, graines de Ricinus communis et de Azadirachta indica contre les ravageurs du niébé en conditions de champ en utilisant le cyperméthrine comme standard. Des résultats de cette étude, il ressort que extraits aqueux des trois plantes testées pourraient permettre de réduire de façon significative la densité de population des ravageurs de niébé en condition de champ. Des plantes testées, le ricin, R. communis s’est montrée la plus efficace avec une efficacité semblable à celle de cyperméthrine, produit chimique synthèse utilisé comme standard.Mots clés : Lutte biologique, ravageurs du niébé, Hyptis suaveolens, Azadirachta indica, Ricinus communis, extraits aqueux, dynamique de population

Biopesticide based sustainable pest management for safer production of vegetable legumes and brassicas in Asia and Africa

Published online: 10 May 2019Vegetables are one of the important crops which could alleviate the poverty and malnutrition among the smallholder farmers in tropical Asia and Africa. However, a plethora of pests limit the productivity of these crops, leading to economic losses. Vegetable producers overwhelmingly rely on chemical pesticides in order to reduce pest‐caused economic losses. However, over‐reliance on chemical pesticides poses serious threats to human and environmental health. Hence, biopesticides offer a viable alternative to chemical pesticides in sustainable pest management programs. Baculoviruses such as nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and granulovirus (GV) have been exploited as successful biological pesticides in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Maruca vitrata multiple nucleocapsid NPV (MaviMNPV) was found to be a unique baculovirus specifically infecting pod borer on food legumes, and it has been successfully developed as a biopesticide in Asia and Africa. Entomopathogenic fungi also offer sustainable pest management options. Several strains of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana have been tested and developed as biopesticides in Asia and Africa. This review specifically focuses on the discovery and development of entomopathogenic virus and fungi‐based biopesticides against major pests of vegetable legumes and brassicas in Asia and Africa