The Workplace Bullying in Nurses: A Psychometric Propertises of Iranian Version of Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised

AbstractIntroduction: Workplace bullying is a persistent amount of negative conduct which one individual is subjected to by another, and it is emotionally and psychologically aggravating. Nurses are exposed to a greater risk of bullying, due to their direct contact with patients and their associates. The present study aims to investigate the factor structure of Iranian version of Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised.Methods: The present methodological study was conducted amongst 400 nurses working in various hospitals affiliated to the Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, over a three month period in 2017. Construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed, and its reliability was also verified for internal consistency, and construct reliability.Results: Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of the following three factors: Physically intimidating bullying, person-related bullying, and work-related bullying. The model's good fit indices confirmed the workplace bullying in nursing tool as follows: PCFI= 0.767, PNFI= 0.721, CMIN/DF= 2.325, RMSEA= 0.081, AGFI= 0.815, IFI= 0.912, and CFI= 0.918. The convergent validity and discriminant validity of the construct of workplace bullying in nursing as well as its internal consistency and construct reliability (>0.7) were confirmed.Conclusions: The present study results showed that the three-factor construct of workplace bullying in nursing has good validity and reliability. Given its favorable psychometric properties, this questionnaire can be effective in assessing the incidence rate of workplace bullying in the nursing profession

Restoring Scientific Authority in Iran: The Perspective of Postgraduate Students in Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Introduction: In order for Iran to realize its vision of scientific authority it needs a generation to maintain it in this competitive world. Postgraduate students and young intellectuals have an important role in this mission. This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the perspective of postgraduate students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, on achieving scientific authority in the country. Method: This was a qualitative study on 20 male and female postgraduate students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection was performed with semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded and written, and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Three main themes and several sub-themes were extracted. The theme that expresses the concept of authority from the view of participants in this study was "to have the last word in science". Sub-themes of the study were “referring to and having authority in science". In the view of the participants, in terms of scientific authority the country is now "in the academic dependence stage". Evidenced by the "need to use translated material and wait for scientific achievements from abroad". Another key theme which emerged was "localization of knowledge". The theme "being attainable" shows the participants’ belief in the possibility of achieving scientific authority. Having a history of scientific authority in Iran and the spirit of perseverance of the academics and students can cause the restoration of this approach. Conclusion: The themes derived from the current study show a range of views of postgraduate students. At one end of the spectrum is the lack of scientific authority in the country and at the other end is being attainable. The supreme leader has said: "scientific authority must be followed with hope, and hopefully will have results. There will certainly be a day when you will see that the scientific authority of Iranian universities and scientists is within our reach. The youth will certainly see this." Data of the present study can be used in order to achieve strategic objectives in reaching scientific authority. Keywords: Scientific authority, Medical students, Localization of science, Spirit of perseveranc

Performance and Attitude of Undergraduate Students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences Towards Cheating in Exams

Background and Objectives: Cheating is a common phenomenon that can undermine the credibility of university tests and certificates. Cheating is a more sensitive issue among medical students. The present study was conducted to investigate the performance and attitude of undergraduate students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences in Iran towards cheating, as well asthe factors that influence cheating. Methods: The present descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 on 524 female and male undergraduate students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Convenience sampling was used to select the participants. The data were collected using a valid and reliable 64-item questionnaire on performance and attitude towards cheating with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88. The obtained data were then analyzed using descriptive tests and the χ 2 test. P < 0.05 was set as the level of statistical significance. Results: Demographically, women made up 58% of the study population. In terms of ethnicity, 68.5% of the population wereFars, 24.6% Turkmen, and the rest were other ethnicities. A total of 70.6% of students had negative attitudes towards cheating. In terms of performance, 57.1% of students admitted to cheating. Significant relationships were observed between the attitude and performance of students (P = 0.001). The relationship between gender and occupational status, and attitude and performance was also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.050). Male and employed students had more positive attitudes towards cheating and actually did it more frequently than their female counterparts. Conclusions: The majority of nursing students were against cheating in terms of attitude and performance. Nevertheless, to better understand this behavior and develop coping strategies, further studies should be conducted on the phenomenon of cheating in other academic activities among medical students. Keywords: Cheating, Attitude, Performance, Exam, Student, Nursin

Effect of Menopause on Quality of Life and Psychological Profile of Women in Gorgan, Iran

Introduction: Menopause is an important event accompanied with significant hormonal changes that have permanent and irreversible effects on women’s lives. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of life and psychological profile of postmenopausal and non-menopausal women in Gorgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 120 women (60 non-menopausal and 60 postmenopausal women) who were selected via randomized sampling. Data were collected using a quality of life questionnaire and the Minnesota multifaceted questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of postmenopausal women and non-menopausal women was 56.53 ± 1.32 years and 57.43 ± 1.02 years, respectively. The vasomotor and physical function and psychological profile of postmenopausal and non-menopausal women were significantly different (P<0.05). Education had no effect on the quality of life and the psychological profile of postmenopausal and non-menopausal women (P<0.05). Conclusions: The present study showed that common menopausal symptoms affect the quality of life and psychological profile of postmenopausal women. Relieving symptoms of menopause can promote quality of life of postmenopausal women and prevent complications and adverse psychological effects of menopause in these individual

Imperforate Hymen and Hydrocolpos: A Case Report

Introduction: Although the exact incidence rate of vaginal atresia is not clear, studies show that this disorder is often accompanied with imperforate hymen associated with hydrocolpos. We &nbsp;reported a 30-day-old infant with vaginal atresia and hydrocolpos secondary to imperforate hymen who went under a two-stage vaginoplasty for treatment. Case description: The patient was a 30-day-old female infant who was referred to the Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan with symptoms of abdominal distension and urinary retention, in 2016. The patient went under emergency laparotomy.&nbsp; A large hydrocolpos was observed in the initial exploration. Fluid within the hydrocolpos was drained. A week later, the second surgery was done for vaginal repair and hymen reconstruction. Conclusion: We performed a two-stage vaginoplasty that consisted hydrocolpos drainage in the first stage and hymen repair by cruciate incision in the second stage. Early use of imaging techniques and surgical treatment can prevent the secondary complications of the disorder such as hydronephrosis and sepsis

The Epidemiology of Trauma in Golestan Province, Northeast of Iran

Introduction: Trauma is one of the most common health problems worldwide, which results in many cases of physical disability every year. Considering the importance of the occurrence of trauma, this study was conducted to determine its epidemiology in trauma patients of the Trauma Center of Gorgan County, Golestan Province. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 17941 Iranian trauma patients attending the Trauma Center of 5 Azar Educational Hospital, Gorgan County, from the beginning of 2013 through 2014 using the census method. The patients&rsquo; data were collected using a checklist designed by the Treatment Deputy of Golestan University of Medical Sciences on morning, evening, and night shifts by trained personnel. The data were analyzed with the STATA software version 12. Results: Most of the trauma patients were male and belonged to the age group 21-35 years. Alley, street, and house were the most common trauma locations. Injury, motorcycle accident, and falls from height were the most common types of trauma. As for the outcome, most trauma patients were &ldquo;treated&rdquo;. Conclusion: With advances in technology, due to the increase in the number and speed of vehicles and changes in the lifestyle, trauma is one of the major causes of mortality and disability in the world. Knowledge of the epidemiology of trauma in the world can help to lower its prevalence and incidence.&nbsp