101 research outputs found
Sources of stress that correlate to level of burnout among Swedish physicians.
Theory: Burnout has become a popular research field with lots of studies being done within the area. Internationally, many studies on physician burnout have been made and they show that physicians have a high level of burnout. These studies as well as other studies within stress research have shown that there are many different factors that can lead to stress and burnout. However, very little research has been done to disclose the sources of stress that leads to burnout for Swedish physicians. Research question: Which sources of stress can be linked to burnout levels among Swedish physicians? Method: A web-based survey in two parts, was sent by e -mail with a few weeks interval to the physicians in SkĂ„ne and Norrbotten. The first part contained questions about background factors and the possible sources of stress. The second part contained questions about burnout and some general health questions. The burnout questions used in this survey came from the instrument Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. 63 persons answered both parts of the survey. Conclusion: The sources of stress that showed significant correlations with burnout among the respondents were, âDemandsâ, âEnvironment factorsâ, âWork organizationâ, âSupportâ, âHarassmentâ, âTechnical problemsâ, âAccessibleâ, âAutonomyâ, âWishing to have the same profession in the futureâ, âValues about managementâ, âValues about myself in workâ. These are all highly probable to contribute to burnout among this sample of Swedish physicians. However, to prove that these sources of stress in fact leads to burnout among Swedish physicians needs longitudinal studies with larger sample size.Bakgrund: UtbrĂ€ndhet har blivit ett populĂ€rt Ă€mne som det forskas allt mer pĂ„. Internationellt har mĂ„nga studier om lĂ€kares utbrĂ€ndhet gjorts och de har visat att lĂ€kare har en hög nivĂ„ av utbrĂ€ndhet. Dessa studier samt andra studier inom stressforskningen har visat pĂ„ att det finns mĂ„nga olika orsaker som kan leda till stress och utbrĂ€ndhet. Mycket lite forskning Ă€r dock gjord pĂ„ svenska lĂ€kare för att se vilka orsaker till stress och utbrĂ€ndhet som dessa kan tĂ€nkas ha. StudiemĂ„l: Vilka orsaker till stress korrelerar med nivĂ„er av utbrĂ€ndhet hos svenska lĂ€kare? Metod: En webbaserad enkĂ€tundersökning i tvĂ„ delar skickades ut med e-mail med nĂ„gra veckors mellanrum till lĂ€kare i SkĂ„ne och Norrbotten. Den första delen innehöll frĂ„gor om bakgrundsfaktorer (tex kön och Ă„lder) och tĂ€nkbara orsaker till stress och utbrĂ€ndhet. Den andra delen innehöll frĂ„gor om utbrĂ€ndhet och hĂ€lsa. FrĂ„gorna om utbrĂ€ndhet kom frĂ„n det tidigare utarbetade instrumentet Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Totalt svarade 63 personer pĂ„ bĂ„da delarna av enkĂ€ten. Slutsats: De orsaker till stress som visar signifikant korrelation med utbrĂ€ndhet hos de svarande Ă€r âKrav i arbetetâ, âFysiska arbetsmiljöfaktorerâ, âArbetets organiseringâ, âStödâ, âTrakasserierâ, âTeknik problemâ, âTillgĂ€nglighetâ, âAutonomiâ, âĂnskar att ha samma yrke i framtidenâ, âVĂ€rderingar om ledningenâ, VĂ€rderingar om mig sjĂ€lv i arbetetâ. Dessa Ă€r alla högst troliga att bidra till utbrĂ€ndhet hos detta urval av svenska lĂ€kare. För att visa att dessa orsaker till stress verkligen leder till utbrĂ€ndhet hos svenska lĂ€kare, generellt, krĂ€vs longitudinella studier med större antal svarande
Pop-up Stores: The Attraction of Ephemeral Experiences - A phenomenological study on consumers' experiences in pop-up stores
The purpose of this paper is to contribute with a new understanding of pop-up stores through a phenomenological perspective by examining how consumers experience pop-up stores. The study also aims to look at a micro and macro perspective to better understand how this phenomenon links to and is shaped by macro level trends of the contemporary consumer culture. Given the purpose and aim of the report, a qualitative method design with a multi-site study has been chosen. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with a phenomenological design have been conducted with consumers visiting pop-up stores in New York City, in combination with participant observations. A finding of the study showed that the exclusiveness of pop-up stores could be instigated by its ephemeral nature, which attracts consumers of today in their search for new and exclusive experiences. It also emphasizes the importance for brands to provide consumers with a physical retail context for trust and relationship building, especially online retailers. Thus, making the artificial online brand online more real and authentic. This is aligned with another conclusion of the study that short-term solutions, like pop-up stores, could result in long-term relationships for brands and consumers
Grönstrukturen i Ărnsköldsvik
During the autumn of 2008 I obtained office experience by working at the local government of Ărnsköldsvik. I started working on the district green plan of the green structure and that led to the work of this exam paper. The purpose of this exam paper has been to define some standpoints for the green structure of the local government district of Ărnsköldsvik. I have used both a larger and a smaller scale to obtain a wide a perspective as possible of the green structure. The larger scale gives an overall view of the whole municipality while the smaller scale is found in the study of the two local areas Centrum and Domsjö.
For the local government planning to be able to obtain an agreeable level of verdure to the residents it is necessary that the green structure is brought up on the agenda. The initiated work of a green plan of Ărnsköldsvik's district is a good start. Considering the lack of conformity in the organization found in Ărnsköldsvik it is essential that all efforts handling the green structure is coordinated. The status of the green structure will then be improved considerably in the work of planning and it will be easier to make sure that all residents can take part of the verdure in and around the city.Under hösten 2008 genomförde jag min praktik i Ărnsköldsviks kommun. DĂ„
pÄbörjade jag kommunens grönplanarbete, vilket sedan lett till
examensarbetet. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att definiera nÄgra
stĂ€llningstaganden för grönstrukturen inom Ărnsköldsviks centralort. Jag har
anvĂ€nt olika skalor för att fĂ„ sĂ„ bred bild av Ărnsköldsviks grönstruktur som
möjligt. Den större skalan ger en övergripande syn pÄ hela centralorten
medan den lilla skalan Äterfinns i undersökningen om de tvÄ delomrÄdena
Centrum och Domsjö.
För att man inom den kommunala planeringen ska kunna faststÀlla en god
nivÄ av vÀlgörande grönska till invÄnarna krÀvs det att grönstrukturen förs
högre upp pĂ„ agendan. Den pĂ„började grönplanen i Ărnsköldsviks kommun
Ă€r en god början. Med den splittrade organisation som finns i Ărnsköldsvik Ă€r
det viktigt att samordna alla krafter som hanterar grönstruktur. DÄ kommer
grönstrukturens status att höjas betydligt inom planeringen och det blir
enklare att se till att alla invÄnare kan ta del av grönskan i och omkring
staden
The detached dust shells around the carbon AGB stars R Scl and V644 Sco
Detached shells are believed to be created during a thermal pulse, and
constrain the time scales and physical properties of one of the main drivers of
late stellar evolution. We aim at determining the morphology of the detached
dust shells around the carbon AGB stars R Scl and V644 Sco, and compare this to
observations of the detached gas shells. We observe the polarised,
dust-scattered stellar light around these stars using the PolCor instrument
mounted on the ESO 3.6m telescope. Observations were done with a coronographic
mask to block out the direct stellar light. The polarised images clearly show
the detached shells. Using a dust radiative transfer code to model the
dust-scattered polarised light, we constrain the radii and widths of the shells
to 19.5 arcsec and 9.4 arcsec for the detached dust shells around R Scl and
V644 Sco, respectively. Both shells have an overall spherical symmetry and
widths of approx. 2 arcsec. For R Scl we can compare the observed dust emission
directly with high spatial-resolution maps of CO(3-2) emission from the shell
observed with ALMA. We find that the dust and gas coincide almost exactly,
indicating a common evolution. The data presented here for R Scl are the most
detailed observations of the entire dusty detached shell to date. For V644 Sco
these are the first direct measurements of the detached shell. Also here we
find that the dust most likely coincides with the gas shell. The observations
are consistent with a scenario where the detached shells are created during a
thermal pulse. The determined radii and widths will constrain hydrodynamical
models describing the pre-pulse mass loss, the thermal pulse, and post-pulse
evolution of the star
HÄllbarhetsredovisning i ideella organisationer -En kvalitativ studie om hur ideella organisationer anvÀnder hÄllbarhetsredovisning
Studiens syfte Ă€r att fylla den kunskapslucka som identifierats kring anvĂ€ndandet av hĂ„llbarhetsredovisning i ideella organisationer som Ă€r verksamma i Sverige. De ideella organisationer som undersöks Ă€r RĂ€dda Barnen, Greenpeace, Röda Korset, Reach for Change och BRIS vars kĂ€rnverksamhet kretsar kring miljömĂ€ssigt eller socialt arbete. Det som framgĂ„tt av studien Ă€r att det finns en kunskapsbrist inom Ă€mnet hĂ„llbarhetsredovisning, vilket kan bero pĂ„ att det Ă€r en relativt ny och Ă€nnu ickestandardiserad praxis i ideella organisationer. Samtidigt finns dĂ€r en stor variation i hur ideella organisationer vĂ€ljer att utforma hĂ„llbarhetsredovisningar vilket studien pekar pĂ„ handlar om organisationers olika verksamhetssyfte och mĂ„lsĂ€ttningar. Av de som framtar en hĂ„llbarhetsredovisning Ă€r de primĂ€ra anvĂ€ndningsfunktionerna att rapporten fungerar som ett kommunikationsmedel för att informera intressenter om organisationens hĂ„llbarhetsarbete samt för att upprĂ€tthĂ„lla ett internt redovisningssystem. Det framkommer Ă€ven att motiven och drivkrafterna att visa sociala och miljömĂ€ssiga resultat kommer frĂ„n ett ansvarsbehov gentemot samhĂ€llet att vara transparanta och redogöra för hur hĂ„llbarhetsarbetet utövas.The purpose of this thesis paper is to fill the knowledge gap that exists in the usage of sustainability reporting within non-profit organizations. The non-profit organizations participating in this study are RĂ€dda Barnen (Save the children), Greenpeace, Röda Korset (The Red Cross), Reach for Change and BRIS. All of these organizations have a core business revolving around environmental and social questions.A conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this study is that there is a general lack of knowledge concerning the use of sustainability reporting within non-profit organizations. A reason for this can arguably be the fact that sustainability reporting is a relatively new and non-standardized practice within non-profit organizations. The results also suggest that there is variation in how non-profit organizations choose to conduct their sustainability report, which this study indicates is largely dependant on the specific purpose and objectives of the organization. The primary function, for the organizations that use and publish a sustainability report, is to use it as a communication tool and channel to inform their stakeholders about the organization's sustainability efforts. Furthermore, the study concludes that the motives and incentives to illustrate social and environmental performances and results can be derived from an organizationsâ liability towards society to be open and transparent with how the work concerning sustainability is exerted
Bacterial contamination of suction catheter tips during aortic valve replacement surgery: a prospective observational cohort study
The shock-heated atmosphere of an asymptotic giant branch star resolved by ALMA
Our current understanding of the chemistry and mass-loss processes in
solar-like stars at the end of their evolution depends critically on the
description of convection, pulsations and shocks in the extended stellar
atmosphere. Three-dimensional hydrodynamical stellar atmosphere models provide
observational predictions, but so far the resolution to constrain the complex
temperature and velocity structures seen in the models has been lacking. Here
we present submillimeter continuum and line observations that resolve the
atmosphere of the asymptotic giant branch star W Hya. We show that hot gas with
chromospheric characteristics exists around the star. Its filling factor is
shown to be small. The existence of such gas requires shocks with a cooling
time larger than commonly assumed. A shocked hot layer will be an important
ingredient in the models of stellar convection, pulsation and chemistry that
underlie our current understanding of the late stages of stellar evolution.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, including Supplementary information. Author
manuscript version before editorial/copyediting by Nature Astronomy. Journal
version available via http://rdcu.be/xUW
Mystery of fatal 'staggering disease' unravelled: novel rustrela virus causes severe meningoencephalomyelitis in domestic cats
âStaggering diseaseâ is a neurological disease entity considered a threat to European domestic cats (Felis catus) for almost five decades. However, its aetiology has remained obscure. Rustrela virus (RusV), a relative of rubella virus, has recently been shown to be associated with encephalitis in a broad range of mammalian hosts. Here, we report the detection of RusV RNA and antigen by metagenomic sequencing, RT-qPCR, in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in brain tissues of 27 out of 29 cats with non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis and clinical signs compatible withâstaggering diseaseâ from Sweden, Austria, and Germany, but not in non-affected control cats. Screening of possible reservoir hosts in Sweden revealed RusV infection in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Our work indicates that RusV is the long-sought cause of feline âstaggering diseaseâ. Given its reported broad host spectrum and considerable geographic range, RusV may be the aetiological agent of neuropathologies in further mammals, possibly even including humans
Altered plasma protein profiles in genetic FTD â a GENFI study
Background: Plasma biomarkers reflecting the pathology of frontotemporal dementia would add significant value to clinical practice, to the design and implementation of treatment trials as well as our understanding of disease mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore the levels of multiple plasma proteins in individuals from families with genetic frontotemporal dementia. Methods: Blood samples from 693 participants in the GENetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative study were analysed using a multiplexed antibody array targeting 158 proteins. Results: We found 13 elevated proteins in symptomatic mutation carriers, when comparing plasma levels from people diagnosed with genetic FTD to healthy non-mutation controls and 10 proteins that were elevated compared to presymptomatic mutation carriers. Conclusion: We identified plasma proteins with altered levels in symptomatic mutation carriers compared to non-carrier controls as well as to presymptomatic mutation carriers. Further investigations are needed to elucidate their potential as fluid biomarkers of the disease process.</p
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