Responsabilidad Social Universitaria: una mirada endógena

La Responsabilidad Social Universitaria (RSU) es una estrategia de gestión que reconoce el papel institucional protagónico de la universidad en la transformación educativa, en orden al fortalecimiento del compromiso social, ético y político de la educación superior. El objetivo del trabajo que se comparte consistió en "caracterizar el proceso de implementación de enfoques y prácticas de responsabilidad social universitaria en dos universidades latinoamericanas, mediante un análisis situacional que contribuya a actualizar el estado del arte de esta área del conocimiento en la región". Se planteó una investigación aplicada, de carácter social y descriptivo, con implementación de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, sobre una muestra representativa de la población objeto de estudio. Los resultados señalan la necesidad de modificar las prácticas de RSU y trabajar en su efectiva puesta en práctica. Se propone una próxima investigación con el objetivo de analizar la percepción de actores externos sobre la RSU de la institución.University Social Responsibility (RSU) is a management strategy that recognizes the institutional leading role that university plays in the transformation of education, in order to strengthen the social, ethical, and political commitment of higher education. The aim of this work, which was shared, was to "characterize the implementation process of university social responsibility practices and approaches in two Latin American universities, through a situational analysis that contributes to update the state of the art in this area of knowledge in the region". An applied, social and descriptive research was proposed, with the implementation of quantitative and qualitative techniques, on a representative sample of the population under study. Results indicate the need to modify RSU practices and to work on its effective implementation. A new research put forward with the objective of analyzing the perception that external actors have on the institution's RSU.Fil: Kent, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Trucco, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Cifuentes Valenzuela, Araceli. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Sendín, María Elena. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Capart, Denisse. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Capart, Susana. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Domínguez, Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Echeverría, Virginia. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Pugh, Daniel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Salazar, Salazar. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina.Fil: Soetbeer, Germán. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco; Argentina

Rise and demise of the global silver standard

In the early modern period, the world economy gravitated around the expansion of long-distance commerce. Together with navigation improvements, silver was the prime commodity which moved the sails of such trade. The disparate availability and the particular demand for silver across the globe determined the participation of producers, consumers, and intermediaries in a growing global economy. American endowments of silver are a known feature of this process; however, the fact that the supply of silver was in the form of specie is a less known aspect of the integration of the global economy. This chapter surveys the production and export of silver specie out of Spanish America, its intermediation by Europeans, and the reexport to Asia. It describes how the sheer volume produced and the quality and consistency of the coin provided familiarity with, and reliability to, the Spanish American peso which made it current in most world markets. By the eighteenth century, it has become a currency standard for the international economy which grew together with the production and coinage of silver. Implications varied according to the institutional settings to deal with specie and foreign exchange in each intervening economy of that trade. Generalized warfare in late eighteenth-century Europe brought down governance in Spanish America and coinage fragmented along with the political fragmentation of the empire. The emergence of new sovereign republics and the end of minting as known meant the cessation of the silver standard that had contributed to the early modern globalization

From one to many, from breadth to depth – industrializing research

ISSN:2504 - 185

Dynamical decoupling in EPR spectroscopy for quantitative decoherence description via noise spectroscopy

Decoherence represents a double-edged sword for pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as this process limits the achievable resolution and/or sensitivity of an experiment but also reports on the decoherence-inducing spin environment. For this reason, the manipulation and understanding of underlying decoherence mechanisms is pivotal. Pulsed manipulation by n refocusing pulses, i.e. dynamical decoupling (DD), is known since the introduction of the Carr-Purcell (CP) sequence to prolong the phase-memory time Tm. This concept has been integrated into pulsed dipolar spectroscopy sequences to accesses longer distances. Instead, EPR spectroscopists conventionally rely on only the Hahn (n = 1) experiment to observe decoherence and assess the driving mechanism based on a Tm and a stretch parameter ξ that together model the associated echo envelope decay. This thesis explores DD for EPR spectroscopy by applying the CP and Uhrig n = 1-5 sequences to relevant spin systems for chemical and biological EPR application work, namely spin labels in the glassy, frozen state. Besides extending the decoherence process, the presented work demonstrates that DD is a spectroscopic method in itself: compared to the conventional Hahn-based approach it is superior in analyzing and quantitatively describing the decoherence process of transverse electronic relaxation. Part I reports the acquired DD data sets including a stretch exponential(s) parameterization. The scaling of Tm and ξ with n provides a convenient framework to identify and discuss contributing decoherence mechanisms. Part II introduces regularized noise spectroscopy to infer the so-called noise spectrum from DD data. Unlike Tm and ξ parameters, this quantitative decoherence descriptor is far more comprehensive as it captures the fluctuating spin environment and rationalizes the observed DD performance. The focus lies on the low-temperature and low spin-concentration regime as these optimized experimental conditions achieve the largest DD gain by freezing out decoherence-inducing dynamics and limiting non-refocusable interactions between electron spins. DD experiments with nitroxides in o-terphenyl (OTP) and water-glycerol reveal a fast and a slow decoherence pathway, assigned by means of deuteration to the geminal methyl groups of the nitroxide and solvent nuclei, respectively. Mechanistically, nuclear spin diffusion (NSD) drives the latter process, whereas the observed methyl deuteration effect suggests rotational tunneling, affirmed by simulations. In absence of methyl groups, as is the case for the studied trityl radicals, a reduced NSD-driven coherence loss to intramolecular nuclei is observed. DD refocuses all these nuclear spin-induced decoherence mechanisms thereby linearly extending the associated Tm with n, yet with varying efficiency. Compared to the intramolecular nuclei of nitroxides and trityl radicals, the flip-flop transitions of solvent nuclei generate relatively slowly fluctuating hyperfine fields, producing noise spectral features that extend up to a cut-off frequency of νc = 40-100 kHz. This value is generally larger for protonated solvents, implying a stronger weighting of low-frequency contributions. As the Uhrig sequence is optimized to suppress this type of fluctuations, it outperforms the CP scheme in case of protonated matrices. Solvent deuteration reduces νc, reporting on slower nuclear bath dynamics on a time scale tc = 1/νc, that DD more effectively suppresses, producing a steeper Tm/n slope. In contrast, repeated refocusing cannot alleviate zero field splitting (ZFS)-induced coherence losses. Applying DD to gadolinium complexes in water-glycerol thus identifies the relative contribution arising from the associated transient ZFS mechanism and solvent-driven NSD. Unlike for spin labels in OTP or water-glycerol, for a nitroxide-labeled peptide embedded in a lipid bilayer, a single, fast decoherence process is observed, featuring a Tm increase that saturates with n. Though lipid deuteration extends Tm it does not reduce the noise spectral width, thus reflecting a much smaller deuteration effect compared to OTP and water-glycerol. As the only one of all studied spin environments, the ξ dependence on n exhibits for deuterated lipids an even-odd pulse parity. From this property, a lower limit of the nuclear flip-flop time can be estimated that is significantly shorter than tc of OTP and water-glycerol. This rapidly fluctuating lipid spin environment hence constitutes a DD limit, explaining the saturating refocusing effect. In summary, this thesis utilizes DD to address the double relevance of decoherence for pulsed EPR spectroscopy. First, DD extends Tm and thus serves as a resolution- and/or sensitivity-enhancing building block, second, DD enables a comprehensive analysis of the underlying decoherence mechanisms. By introducing regularized noise spectroscopy, the presented work provides the connecting link between the understanding and rational manipulation of the decoherence process. The author hopes that the noise spectrum as a quantitative decoherence descriptor resonates with the EPR community and will find widespread application