The Influence of Moderate Exercise on Caspase-3 Expression in Inhibiting Transformation of Oral Squamous Epithelial Cells

The prevalence of cancer is increasing nowadays. In Indonesia, the prevalency of cancer is 1,4% out of 1000 people. Cancer is mainly caused by two factors; genetic and environmental, one of them being is a carcinogenic agent benzopyrene. Physical exercise can decrease blood glucose and fatty acid levels within the blood but its effect on cancer prevention, especially on caspase-3 expression, is still unknown. This study examines the expression of caspase-3 produced by moderate exercise in preventing the formation of transform cell epithelial of the oral squamous cell. 18 mice were divided into three study groups; control group 1 (K1) not given any physical exercise and benzopyrene, control group 2 (K2) not given any physical exercise but induced with 0,08 mg benzopyrene, treatment group (P) were given physical exercise in moderate intensity and induced with 0,08 mg benzopyrene. Buccal mucosa tissue samples were taken and stained for immunohistochemistry and examined under a light microscope at 400x at 10 different angles. The mean of caspase-3 expression was found highest in group P (13.33), meanwhile in group K1 and K2 were 3.00 and 8.33, respectively. There was significant difference of caspase-3 expression between the groups (p = 0.000) Conclusion: Moderate exercise could increase caspase-3 expression in preventing the formation of the transform cell epithelial of the oral squamous cell

Liposom Ekstrak Daun Ungu (Graptophyylum pictum L. Griff) untuk Antihemoroid Topikal

Hemorrhoid atau wasir merupakan penyakit umum di kalangan orang dewasa. Gejala wasir tejadi dan berkembang pada lebih dari setengah dari pria dan wanita berusia 50 tahun dan lebih tua. Hemoroid sudah menjadi masalah kesehatan yang sangat umum. Hemoroid menyebabkan masalah serius dari sekitar 4% (lebih dari 10 juta) dari penduduk di Amerika Serikat. Prevalensi penyakit hemoroid meningkat sampai dengan usia dekade ketujuh dan kemudian sedikit berkurang. Hemoroid juga mengalami peningkatan pada saat kehamilan akibat tekanan langsung pada vena rektum. Wasir jarang terjadi pada anak-anak tetapi sekarang beberapa laporan menyatakan terjadinya wasir pada anak-anak (Gami,2011). Hemorrhoid adalah suatu keadaan yang disebabkan oleh pelebaran pembuluh darah vena di bagian bawah dari saluran cerna, yaitu rektum dan anus (dubur). Keadaan ini terjadi akibat peningkatan tekanan di daerah tersebut. Hemoroid pada dasarnya tidak membutuhkan pengobatan,kecuali menunjukkan gejala dan menganggu penderita. Meski tidak mematikan seperti penyakit jantung, kanker atau stroke, penyakit ini berpotensi menurunkan kualitas hidup penderita. Rasa tidak nyaman akibat bengkak pada anus, bisa mengurangi produktivitas. Karena itu, pemberian terapi pada hemoroid akan sangat membantu meningkatkan kualitas hidup serta menghindari komplikasi. Untuk derajat tertentu, jika telah terjadi perdarahan dan prolapse, tindakan invasif menjadi pilihan terakhir. Pengobatan farmakologis non spesifik meliputi laksatif, analgesik, antiinflamasi dan obat-obatan topikal (yang mengandung anestesi lokal dan steroid). Sementara obat-obatan spesifik untuk hemoroid (agen phlebotropik) yang ada saat ini adalah flavonoid, mencakup micronised diosmin, hesperidin dan hidrosomin. Obat-obatan ini secara signifikan menurunkan gejala dan mencegah terjadinya rekurensi. Bahkan sebuah studi menemukan, pemberian diosmin dan hesperidin sama efektifnya dengan rubber band ligation, dengan efek samping yang lebih kecil

PERAN POLIMORFISME HLA-DRB PADA KERENTANAN GENETIK KARlES GIGI MELALUI ANALISIS SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM

Karies gigi merupakan penyakit infeksi yang paling banyak dijumpai, serta penyebab utama gigi tanggal pada anak-anak maupun dewasa. Beberapa laporan menjelaskan peran faktor genetik dalam penentuan resiko karies gigi. Faktor genetik tersebut di antaranya adalah HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) DRBl, suatu lokus pada MHC klas II yang berperan pada jalur imunogenetik secretory Immunoglobulin antibody A( sIgA) yang disekresi dalam saliva. Dalam rongga mulut sIgA berfungsi sebagai penghambat adhesi Streptococcus mutans pada permukaan enamel. Pemahaman tentang karies pada tingkat molekuler adalah langkah pencegahan karies yang potensial untuk mengungkap kompleksitas penyakit karies gigi untuk merancang program pencegahan dan perawatan karies di suatu populasL Penelitian dilakukan melalui isolasi DNA hasil hapusan bukal rongga mulut yang dikoleksi dari anak-anak usia 6-9 tabun dengan indeks def-t 2: 3 sebesar 30 anak sebagai kelompok kasus dan 30 anak dengan def-t < 2 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Uji mikrobiologi dilakukan melalui pembuatan hapusan dorsal lidah pada kedua kelompok sampel untuk menghitung koloni streptococcuc mutans. Deteksi Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ( SNP ) dilakukan melalui isolasi DNA hapusan bukal dilanjutkan amplifikasi DNA dan sekuensing untuk mengetahui lokasi SNP. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan varian HLA-DRBl berdasar mutasi nukleotida ekson 2 lokus HLA-DRBl antara individu dengan karies gigi dan bebas karies gigi

Cytotoxicity test of 40, 50 and 60% citric acid as dentin conditioner by using MTT assay on culture cell line

Background: Open dentin is always covered by smear layer, therefore before restoration is performed, cavity or tooth which has been prepared should be clean from dirt. The researchers suggested that clean dentin surface would reach effective adhesion between resin and tooth structure, therefore dentin conditioner like citric acid was used to reach the condition. Even though citric acid is not strong acid but it can be very erosive to oral mucous. Several requirements should be fulfilled for dental product such as non toxic, non irritant, biocompatible and should not have negative effect against local, systemic or biological environment. Cytotoxicity test was apart of biomaterial evaluation and needed for standard screening. Purpose: This study was to know the cytotoxicity of 40, 50, 60% citric acid as dentin conditioner using MTT assay. Method: This study is an experimental research using the Post-Test Only Control Group Design. Six samples of each 40, 50 and 60% citric acid for citotoxicity test using MTT assay. The density of optic formazan indicated the number of living cells. All data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA. Result: The percentage of living cells in 40, 50 and 60% citric acid were 95.14%, 93.42% and 93.14%. Conclusion: Citric acid is non toxic and safe to be used as dentine conditioner.</span

Detection of Candida albicans biofilm proteins induced by glucose, lactose, soy protein, and iron

Background: Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections, which attack the mucosa of the oral cavity. These lesions are mostly caused by the fungal species Candida albicans. Candida albicans is included in the normal oral microorganisms that are opportunistic pathogens, and its presence is quite large, which can reach 75% of the total oral fungal population. Research on specific proteins of Candida biofilm can be an alternative to early prevention of oral infections such as Oral Candidiasis. This biofilm protein can be used as a reference in making kits to detect the presence of microbes that cause infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine molecular weight of Candida albicans biofilm protein induced by 5% glucose, 5% lactose, soy protein, and 5% iron. Material and Methods: This experimental laboratory study used SDS-PAGE electrophoresis to determine the molecular weight of Candida albicans biofilm proteins induced by glucose 5%, lactose 5%, soy protein, and iron 5%. Results: Biofilm induced by 5% glucose shows four protein bands: 71,6 kDa; 56,1 kDa; 49,7 kDa; and 41 kDa. Biofilm induced by 5% lactose shows seven protein bands: 71 kDa; 61,2 kDa; 57,7 kDa; 55,3 kDa; 48,9 kDa; 39,5 kDa; and 29,8 kDa. Biofilm induced by soy protein shows one protein band: 49,4 kDa. Biofilm induced by 5% iron shows one protein band: 51,1 kDa Conclusions: Candida albicans biofilm induced by 5% glucose has four protein band candidates, 5% lactose has seven candidates of protein band, and soy protein and 5% iron each has a candidate of protein band, which can be used as a target for the detection of oral Candidiasis

Antibacterial Activity of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L. )against Aggregatibacter actinomycetem comitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis

The aim of this study was to find the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of sappan wood ethanol extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) toward the growth of A.actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The randomized post test only control group design was applied to this study. The sappan wood ethanol extract was conducted with maceration method using 96% ethanol. Diluted to 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and 0.39% concentration. The MIC and MBC values of sappan wood ethanol extract toward A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was then known via the evaluation for Colony Forming Units (CFUs) In MH medium. The MIC and MBC of sappan wood ethanol extract toward A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was at 1.56% and 3.125% concentration. The ethanol extract of sappan wood reduces the number of bacterial colonies significantly at p=0.00. This study concluded that the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P.gingivalis can be inhibited by sappan wood ethanol extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) at MIC 1.56% and MBC 3.125% concentration

Effects of liquid ionic silver concentration on caspase-3 and p53mt expressions in the oral mucosal epithelium of Wistar rats

Background: Silver, especially oxidized silver, has been used as a medicine considered to have bactericidal properties. In the present day, ionic silver (Ag+) is also used in the manufacture of cosmetics, socks, food containers, detergents, sprays and other products to prevent the spread of germs. Unfortunately, ionic silver is assumed to be toxic not only to bacteria, but also to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to identify the optimum dosage of ionic silver considered safe by investigating the effects of ionic silver concentration on cell death through activation of mutant p-53 expression by caspase 3 in the oral epithelium. Purpose: This research aimed to analyze the effects of concentrated liquid ionic silver (Ag+) on caspase-3 and mutant p53 expression in the oral mucosal epithelium. Methods: This research constituted a laboratory-based experimental study with posttest-only design. The research subjects consisted of 28 Wistar rats, divided into four treatment groups, namely; KK (with Aquadest), KP 1 (with 5% liquid ionic silver), KP 2 (with 10% liquid ionic silver) and KP 3 (with 15% liquid ionic silver). Each rat was then treated orally with 0.5ml of liquid ionic silver at fixed concentrations twice a day for seven days. The Wistar rats were then terminated and their tissue samples processed by means of histopathological and immunohistochemical staining examination. The monoclonal Caspase-3 and mutant p53 expressions in each group were evaluated with the data being tabulated and analyzed statistically. Results: Mutant p53 expression was also found in the control group. Moreover, the higher the concentration of liquid ionic silver, the greater the elevated Caspase-3 and mutant p53 expressions. Conclusion:  The concentration of liquid ionic silver plays an important role in elevating Caspase-3 and mutant p53 expressions

Demineralized Dentin Material Sponge (DDMS) Promotes RUNX2 expression in Osteoblastogenesis

In cases of severe bone loss, natural healing does not occur because the body’s natural regenerative capacity is exceeded. Therefore, there is a need for alternative materials that can support the healing process with good osteointegrative properties. Osteointegration is the relationship between a synthetic biomaterial implanted in the body and the biological response of the host tissue. Osteoblasts play a role in the process of bone remodeling and cooperate with osteoclasts to balance bone formation and resorption and remove mature bone tissue to maintain bone homeostasis. RUNX2 is a member of a small domain of transcription factors that are important for differentiation and proliferation during the transition of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoprogenitor cells during osteoblast differentiation. The demineralized dentin material sponge derived from bovine dentin contains 70% hydroxyapatite, 20% organic matrix, and 10% water, contains organic and inorganic components similar to dentin and human bone, which enhances the expression of RUNX2. It can be used as a bone substitute material. In the process of osteoblast formation. The aim of this study was to determine the potential ability of demineralized dentin sponges to promote RUNX2 expression in osteoblastogenesis

Biodegradation and Compressive Strength Test of Scaffold with Different Ratio as Bone Tissue Engineering Biomaterial

Bone destruction in oral cavity due to trauma, chronic infection, congenital malformations, or surgical procedure have most often been treated using autologous bone-grafting procedure. Another solution emerged in tissue engineering is the use of scaffold. Calcium carbonate is one of potential ceramic materials that have osteoconductive properties that can be used as scaffold constituents. To investigate the comparative bio-degradation value and compressive strength of chitosan, gelatin, and calcium carbonate scaffold with various ratio. The scaffold were made using freeze-drying method. Degradation test was done by dissolving scaffold in PBS containing 1.6 μg/ml of the lysozyme. Compressive strength test is done by using autograft tool with load cell compress machine 100 kN. Degradation rate of scaffolds with ratio 40:60 was lower than scaffolds with 30:70 ratio. Compressive strength of scaffold with ratio 40:60 was higher than 30:70 ratio scaffold. The data were analyzed using T-test and showed significant difference in degradation rate and compressive strength test. The scaffolds with ratio 40:60 have better bio-degradation rate and compressive strength properties than scaffolds with ratio 30:70. The chitosan, gelatin and calcium carbonate scaffolds with ratio 40:60 have potency as an alternative biomaterial in bone tissue engineering

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor -β1 and Osteocalcin in Rat Calvaria Defect after Application of Bovine Cortical Bone Membrane.

Abstract– Bovine pericardium collagen membran (BPCM) had been widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) whose manufacturing process usually required chemical cross-linking to prolong its biodegradation. A newly developed bovine cortical bone membrane (BCBM)is rich with growth factors which theoretically has osteoinductive capacity. It has been proven biocompatible, however its osteoinduction potential still needs to be revealed. This study evaluated the osteoinductive potential of BCBM compared with BPCM applied in critical-sized defects of rat’s calvaria. Critical sized defect was made on calvaria bone of 30 rats. The samples were divided into 3 groups, each contains of 10 rats. The defects were then covered by BCBM dan BPCM in the first two groups. The third group was control group, without membran application. Samples were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks. Expressions of TGF-1 and osteocalcin were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) method and the data analyzed statistically with the p value < 0.05 being significantly different. TGF-1 expression was insignificantly different between BCBM and BPCM groups. Meanwhile, the osteocalcin expression was significantly higher inBCBM compared to BPCM group (p < 0.05) through 2 and 4 weeks of observation. Bovine cortical bone membrane has similar osteoinductive potential to BPCM based on the expression of TGF-1, but has better bone healing result based on osteocalcin expression. Therefore it is potential to be used as GBR membrane