Sintesis Kitosan, Poli(2-amino-2-deoksi-D-Glukosa), skala Pilot Project dari limbah kulit udang sebagai bahan baku alternatif pembuatan biopolimer

Abstract In the future, the trend of polymer industry is by utilizing material from renewable resources because trend of petroleum sources decline and synthetic polymers are usually produced at high cost. In line with the problem, this research has purpose to synthesis biopolymer (chitosan) from invaluable shrimp waste. The purposes of the research are to study the effect of concentration of NaOH and temperature of deacetylation on transformation process to change chitin into chitosan, to determine the yield and degree of deacetylation of chitosan produced, and to study economical analysis of the production of chitosan in pilot project scale. Before doing pilot project scale, we have done laboratory scale research and produced chitosan which has high degree of deacetylation and the same quality as standard commercial chitosan. As the results of the research are concentration of NaOH and temperature of deacetylation have important contribution to increase degree of deacetylation and conversion of the reaction. The highest of degree of deacetylation reached is 79.35 % at 60 % NaOH, 125 oC, and 2 hours in deacetylation process. The chitosan produced has water and ash content below 10 % and 2 %, with the yield of chitosan around 25 %. The product has the same quality as commercial standard chitosan (ASTM specifications) with lower price. Keywords : chitin, chitosan, deacetylation, degree of deacetylatio

HIDROLISIS BATANG PADI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ASAM SULFAT ENCER

Glucose is usually known as a source of energy for organisms. Fermentation of glucose canproduce many useful products such as ethanol, which can be used for renewable energy source,replacing fuel oil. Glucose can be derived from many foodstuffs such as cassava, yam, grass,wheat, potato, corn, etc. Such foodstuffs contain polysaccharide that can be hydrolyzed intoglucose. Rice straw is one of natural waste materials with high cellulose content which can beutilized for glucose production to avoid competition with foodstuff needs. In this research diluteacid hydrolysis of rice straw is investigated using slurry concentration of 30% w/v. The effects of temperature (70, 85, 100oC), sulfuric acid concentration (0.3; 0.6; 0.9 %v/v), and particle size ofrice straw (8, 10, 20 mesh) on the reducing sugar yield are observed. In this research, the resultshows that the increase of set temperature will increase the final reducing sugar concentration.The decreasing size of the rice straw will increase the reducing sugar concentration. The higherthe sulfuric acid concentration the higher reducing sugar concentration will be. The maximumcondition obtained from this research is at the set temperature of 100oC, sulfuric acidconcentration of 0.9 %v/v, and size of rice straw of 20 mesh (0.841 mm). This condition willproduce 1.1583 gram/liter of final reducing sugar concentration with 38.61 mg/g of yield