In Vitro Inhibition Zone Test Of Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia) Towards Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterococcus Faecalis, Escherichia Coli, And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

This is a true experimental research with post test-only control group design. The study was conducted to test the inhibitory zone of the Binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia) against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Binahong leaf extract is prepared using maceration technique, by soaking it in a sealed jar for 24 hours with 95% methanol. Then subsequently filtered using a funnel with filter paper, and the filtrate is collected inside an erlenmeyer. The filtrate then concentrated using a rotavapor, this concentrated extract dissolved into aquadest with a concentration of 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 1000 ppm. By taking a few colonies with a sterile loop into a stock of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa then scratch it into MH blood agar medium, and incubate it for 24 hours with a temperature of 370C. The next day, bacterial suspension was made in test tube, which already contains 0.9% NaCl. The suspension tturbidity is equivalent to 0.5 Mc Farland. Bacterial inhibition zone of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia) is tested using absorbance disc method or better known as the Kirby-Bauer method. First, pour 10 ml of agar medium (± 400C) into a cup (petridish) and then wait until it's cold. After the medium becomes solid, the suspension of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Esherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are slowly smeared with sterile cotton sticks on the surface of the media. Soak the paper discs into binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia) with concentrations of 50, 100, and 1000 ppm, for about 5 minutes, and placed it on the surface of the petridish, together with the positive control (amoxicillin) and negative control (aquadest). Then incubate it at 370C for 24 hours. The effectiveness of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia) inhibition zone, can be determined by measuring the diameter of clear zone around the paper using a sliding-term. Binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia) zone of inhibition is negative, a very slight different is showed by the amoxicillin inhibition zone, for having a clear zone diameter of 28 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Esherichia coli, and 21 mm for Enterococcus faecalis. This fact is probably caused by several things concerning the mechanism of action of a substance as an anti bacterial of the binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia)

Pola Bakteri Pada Penderita Infeksi Saluran Kemih Di Blu Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: The most common hospital-acquired infection is urinary tract infection (UTI) resulting in significant morbidity and occasional mortality. Pattern of germs especially bacteries that cause UTI will contribute to the success of the treatment of UTI. The wide scale spectrum of the causative organisms, and least of clinical trials that have been done are make the forming of the selected antimicroba that will used for the therapy of UTI more difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of germs that cause UTIs, which are important in improving the quality of health care in the Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Hospital. This study uses a prospective study that analyzed descriptively on 30 urinary samples in November until December 2012 at Installation of Medical Emergency Care of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Hospital. Results of this research showed the highest incidence of UTI is in the age group 50-59 years. Women suffer from UTI more often than men. In this research, Escherichia coli is the most common microorganisms that cause UTI

Pola Bakteri Dari Sputum Penderita Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Di Puskesmas Bahu

: Background and Purpose: Respiratory tract infections are diseases that are common with mild to severe manifestations. Data From Bahu public health centers in 2009 there were 266 patients with respiratory tract infections and ranks first of five major diseases in Bahu public health centers and in 2011 is still the first order of 10 major diseases. This study aimed to determine the pattern of the bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections in Bahu public health centers. Research methods: The study used a prospective descriptive method through sputum culture studies in patients with respiratory tract infections Puskesmas Shoulder period November 2012 - January 2013. Results: From the results of the study found that gram-positive bacteria were more common in comparison with gram negative. Conclusion: The bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections are the most widely found is Streptoccocus sp

Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri Aerob Yang Berpotensi Menyebabkan Infeksi Nosokomial Di Ruang Rawat Inap Mata Irina F Rsup Prof. Dr. R.d. Kandou Manado

: Nosocomial infections are infections acquired or occurring while patients were hospitalized. Nosocomial infections can be caused by various agents of disease, like bacteria. The bacteria are found in the hospital environment, including the inpatient unit. Objective: to know the pattern of aerobic bacteria that could potentially cause nosocomial infections in inpatient eyes unit IRINA F Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Methods: 14 swabs were taken at the surface of patient's beds, treatment rooms and 8 samples of air space. Identification of bacteria carried on an agar medium isolation, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Results: The obtained bacteria identified six types of bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus sp., Coccus negative Gram, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylocccus epidermidis. Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis is the bacteria that most commonly found in inpatient eyes unit IRINA

Pola Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Nosokomial Pada Ruang Perawatan Intensif Anak Di Blu Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: Nosocomial infections is an infection acquired in the hospital in patients treated for at least 72 hours (3x24 hours). Environmental infection caused by bacteria from an existing object within the hospital. Microorganisms are often potentially causing nosocomial infections are Proteus sp., Escherichia colii, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Objective: to know the most aerobic bacteria and the pattern of aerobic bacteria in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at BLU Dr Prof. Dr R. D. Kandou. Methods: 24 swab samples were taken on the surface of the tool, treatment rooms and 6 samples of air space. Identification of bacterial cultures taken on an agar medium, gram staining and biochemical tests. Results: identified bacteria obtained 11 types of microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia rubidaea, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Coccus Gram-negative, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida sp., Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria are bacteria that are found in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Staphylococcus sp., and Pseudomonas sp., a common bacteria that cause nosocomial infections with Staphylococcus sp., a bacterium that is most found

Identifikasi Bakteri Aerob Pada Urin Porsi Tengah Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 Di Blu Rsup Prof. R.d. Kandou Manado

: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic disease that can lead to some abnormality in the body\u27s defense system which allows an increased risk of infection, one urinary tract infection. In patients with CKD stage 5, impaired immunological function and infections often occur. A high incidence of infection found in uremic patients. Uremia suppress the function of most of the patient\u27s immune cells, causing immunological complications of CKD patients more susceptible to infection than normal people. The purpose of this study is to identify the type of aerobic bacteria in the urine of patients with CKD Stage 5 in Inpatient B and C BLU Inpatient Hospital. PROF. R.D Kandou Manado. This study used a prospective descriptive method with a sample of 20 samples and carried out in November 2014 - January 2015. The results of urine culture and biochemical tests showed bacterial growth were identified, namely Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Coccus Gram-negative, Gram Coccus positive, Seratia Marcesnes, and Bacillus subtilis. From the results of this study, the conclusions on most types of bacteria found were Bacillus subtilis (50%)

Pola Kuman Pada Pasien Baru Infeksi Menular Seksual Di Poliklinik Kulit Dan Kelamin Rsup. Prof. Dr. R.d. Kandou Manado Periode November 2010 S.d November 2012

: STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections) are diseases which is transmitted through sexual contact (oral, vaginal, anal) with an infected person. WHO (World Health Organization) in 2001 estimated STI patients around the world as much as 340 million people. This research uses descriptive retrospective study in November 2012 to January 2013 where conducted in the department of dermatology clinic at Prof.Dr.R.D.Kandou General Hospital, Manado. The research sample is a new STI patients who come for treatment at the clinic that had microbiological laboratory examination such as direct examination and gram staining examination. Based on data collected from 163 patients who had a new IMS and had direct microbiological examination for trichomonas only one patient was found positive result that 38 years old female. Based on gram stain examination, 83 patients were found positive results. Based on gram stain examination for pseudohyphae, 24 (14,7%) patients with positive results. 18 of them females and 11 where in the age group 20-29 years. Among 163 patients there were 10 (6,1%) patients were positive results of gram positive bacilli, seven among them are females and in all age groups. For gram negative bacilli obtained positive results in 24 (14,7%) of 163 patients, 15 of them are females and most in the age group 20-29 years. Among 163 patients, 9 patients (5,5%) were found positive results for gram positive diplococcus, 8 males and the highest number in the age group 20-29 years for gram negative diplococcus obtained positive results in 16 (9,8%) of 163 patients, 15 of them in males and highest number in the age group 20-29 years. The presence of STIs are in increasing every year due to lack of attention from the healthy centers and the lack of knowledge about the causes and consequences of STIs. The socialization of STIs and adolescence's sex education are important for STIs preventions