Waltherione C and cleomiscosin from Melochia umbellata var. Degrabrata K. (Malvaceae), biosynthetic and chemotaxonomic significance

Waltherione C, a 4-quinolinone secondary metabolite, and cleomiscosin have been isolated from Melochia umbellata (Malvaceae).A biosynthetic scheme incorporating the unique 4-pyridones and 4-quinolones isolated from Melochia and Waltheria spp. has been proposed.Waltherione C has an IC50 against P-388 murine leukaemia cells of 0.26 ??g/mL

TOXICITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY FROM EXTRACT AND OLEANAN DERIVATIVE COMPOUNDS OF THE BARK MELOCHIA UMBELLATE (HOUTT) STAPF VAR. DEGRABRATA

Oleanan derivative compound namely 3-acetyl-12-oleanen-28-oic acid, has been isolated from n-hexane fraction of the bark M. umbellate (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata The\ud molecular structure was determined by IR spectroscopy, NMR 1D and 2D (1H-NMR, 13CNMR, DEPT, COSY, HMQC and HMBC). The results of test bioactivity to hexane,\ud chloroform, ethyl acetic, methanol extracts and compound 1 mentioned above showed\ud that they are toxic to A. salina (brine shrimp) with LC50 361.93 to 460 ??g/mL. The most\ud toxic one was the compound 1 with the LC50 value of 361.93 ??g/mL. At a concentration of 1000 ??g/mL, the extract of hexane, methanol and compound 1 showed very high\ud inhibition to the growth of B. subtilis and C.albican, whereas the extract of ethyl acetate\ud had very high inhibition effect to the growth of S. aureus and A. niger. The inhibition zone\ud of the three extracts and compound 1 were greater than 14 mm. On the other hand, the\ud extracts of chloroform gave weak inhibition against bacteria and fungi

Sintesis Fenetil (O-asetil-p-kumaroil) dari Asam p-kumarat melalui Asetilasi, Klorinasi dan Esterifikasi dengan Fenetilalkohol

Synthesis of phenethyl (O-acetyl-p-coumaroyl) (4) from p-coumaric acid (1) using phenethylalcohol was succesfully conducted via acetylation (2), chlorination (3), and esterification (4). The acetylation was performed using acetic anhydride in pyridine at room temperature for 6 hours, the chlorination was performed using thionyl chloride in dry benzene by reflux at 75oC for 4 hours, continued with esterification by in situ using phenethylalcohol in dry dichloromethane at room temperature for 4 hours. The structure of each step reaction product was identiï¬ed using FT-IR spectroscopy. The compound 2 was obtained as yellowish crystal with m.p 201-203oC and the compound 4 was obtained as white crystal with m.p 68-69oC. &nbsp

Sintesis Fenetil (O-asetil-p-kumaroil) dari Asam p-kumarat melalui Asetilasi, Klorinasi dan Esterifikasi dengan Fenetilalkohol

Synthesis of phenethyl (O-acetyl-p-coumaroyl) (4) from p-coumaric acid (1) using phenethylalcohol was succesfully conducted via acetylation (2), chlorination (3), and esterification (4). The acetylation was performed using acetic anhydride in pyridine at room temperature for 6 hours, the chlorination was performed using thionyl chloride in dry benzene by reflux at 75oC for 4 hours, continued with esterification by in situ using phenethylalcohol in dry dichloromethane at room temperature for 4 hours. The structure of each step reaction product was identified using FT-IR spectroscopy. The compound 2 was obtained as yellowish crystal with m.p 201-203oC and the compound 4 was obtained as white crystal with m.p 68-69oC.

Sintesis Turunan Amida N-4-O-Asetilferuloilmorfolina dari Asam Ferulat Melalui Metode Konversi Tidak Langsung

Synthesis of N-4-O-asetilferuloylmorpholine from ferulic acid via indirect conversion methods with acetylation, chlorination and amidation (in situ) reactions have been conducted. The acetylation was carried out using acetic anhydride reagent in pyridine solvent at room temperature for 6 hours. The chlorination was performed with thionyl chloride in benzene solvent by reflux at 75°C for 4 hours, proceeded by in situ amidation utilizing morpholine in the presence of triethylamine and pyridine using dichloromethane solvent at room temperature. The target molecule as white crystalline solids with m.p. of 91-92°C. Characterization of these compounds was committed by FTIR spectrophotometry

Sintesis Fenetil (O-asetil-p-kumaroil) dari Asam p-kumarat melalui Asetilasi, Klorinasi dan Esterifikasi dengan Fenetilalkohol

Synthesis of phenethyl (O-acetyl-p-coumaroyl) (4) from p-coumaric acid (1) using phenethylalcohol was succesfully conducted via acetylation (2), chlorination (3), and esterification (4). The acetylation was performed using acetic anhydride in pyridine at room temperature for 6 hours, the chlorination was performed using thionyl chloride in dry benzene by reflux at 75oC for 4 hours, continued with esterification by in situ using phenethylalcohol in dry dichloromethane at room temperature for 4 hours. The structure of each step reaction product was identiï¬ed using FT-IR spectroscopy. The compound 2 was obtained as yellowish crystal with m.p 201-203oC and the compound 4 was obtained as white crystal with m.p 68-69oC. &nbsp

Uji Fitokimia dan Toksisitas Ekstrak Etil Asetat Kulit Batang Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia dengan Metode Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT)

Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia is plant species included in Malvaceae family. This spesies is known as paliasa and used as traditional medicine by the people of South Sulawesi. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolites by reagents and toxicity characteristic testing from bark extract of Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia using Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The extract was prepeared by maceration ethyl acetate. Phytochemical test result showed that the ethyl acetate extract was containing the steroid compound, alkaloids and terpenoids. Toxicity test performed by shrimp Artemia salina Leach larvae was at 48 hours. The toxic effects of the extract were identified by the percentage of the number of shrimp larvae mortality using probit value analysis (LC50). The toxicity test of bark Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia extract showed that the ethyl acetate extract is toxic to A. salina  LC50 = 54,55 mg / mL

Sintesis Senyawa N-fenetil 4-O-asetil ferulamida dari Asam Ferulat melalui Reaksi Amidasi Tidak Langsung

Compound N-phenetyl 4-O-asetil ferulamide had been synthesized from ferulic acid and phenetylamine through esterification and indirect amidation method. Esterification reaction of ferulic acid with anhydride acetate was done in pyridine solvent at room temperature. Indirect amidation was perform by chlorination using tionyl chloride in benzene solvent at 70°C and continued by amidation with phenetylamine, catalyzed by pyridine in dichloromethane solvent at room temperature. the compound obtained is brown yellowish crystal with melting point 118-120°C. The rendemen of target compound is 53.81%

Sintesis Turunan Amida N-4-O-Asetilferuloilmorfolina dari Asam Ferulat Melalui Metode Konversi Tidak Langsung

Synthesis of N-4-O-asetilferuloylmorpholine from ferulic acid via indirect conversion methods with acetylation, chlorination and amidation (in situ) reactions have been conducted. The acetylation was carried out using acetic anhydride reagent in pyridine solvent at room temperature for 6 hours. The chlorination was performed with thionyl chloride in benzene solvent by reflux at 75°C for 4 hours, proceeded by in situ amidation utilizing morpholine in the presence of triethylamine and pyridine using dichloromethane solvent at room temperature. The target molecule as white crystalline solids with m.p. of 91-92°C. Characterization of these compounds was committed by FTIR spectrophotometry

Application Of Spons Callispongia Sp Origin Of Halong Water (Ambon Bay) As Biomonitoring Contamination Trace Metals Pb,Cr,Cr And Zn

The purpose of research it is cycles how knowing cycle trace metals Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn in Callispongia Sp, sediment and water. Techniques of the analysis of trace metals use ICP-OES ((Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy). Analysis dramatic of the relationship between sponge significant sediment  and water show that highest trace metal is Zn to Callispongia sp (6.250 mg/kg dry weight), sediment (0.750 ppm and water 0.790 ppm