Development of Masterplan and Initial Program for Food Security in Papua Region, Indonesia

Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA) of Indonesia 2015 categorized the vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity based on nine indicators covering food availability, food access and food utilization. According to the assessment, 14 districts in priority 1 (severely vulnerable to food insecurity) were all in Papua. Responding to the problems of food insecurity, a multi-year program focusing on two regencies, i.e., Manokwari and Merauke, was conducted from August 2015. The program was developed in cooperation with the Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration (Kemendes PDTT), Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta and district governments. This research aimed to examine the problems causing food insecurity and to develop integrative and collaborative macro-scale policy recommendations. The study used a qualitative descriptive method and a pilot project approach to address food insecurity problems in both regencies. It found five main issues related to food insecurity in Papua: the prevalence of stunting among children under five, the ratio of per capita normative consumption towards net cereal production, the population living below poverty line, households without access to clean water, and low-income families. The problems could be overcome by concerning the ratio of normative consumption per capita and the preservation of local food, and local crops should be grown especially tubers. Regarding the problems associated with low-income families, a program that should be implemented is the welfare improvement of the rural low-income families through the optimization of land resources in the integrated and intensive ways in response to many land resources still underutilized. Moreover, water treatment should be encouraged further to tackle clean water issues

Formulating the Direction of Community Land Use to Support the Conservation of Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) Habitat at Petungkriyono, Central Java

The Petungkriyono forest is one of the few remnant tropical forests on the island of Java, particularly in Central Java. This forest is known for its high conservation value due to its abundance of biodiversity, particularly the endangered Javan gibbon or Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch). The Petungkriyono people, on the other hand, rely on upland agriculture and cultivation on steep slopes as a means of subsistence, which poses a threat to the Petungkriyono forest. This paper aims to formulate the direction of the community land use at the habitat of Javanese gibbon at Petungkriyono. The method used the Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA). SMCA was applied to create the initial model of the zoning description of sustainable land use in Petungkriyono. The SMCA analysis process includes goal setting and conceptualization, data collection, analysis, field ground checks, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with the community and related parties. The result showed that considering the massive changes of land use at Petungkriyono almost 70% of the area is formulated for perservation and protection to support the conservation of Javan gibbon

The Mapping of Resources and Development Potentials of Food-Secure Region in Kupang District, Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur

Indonesia Food Sustainability and Vulnerability Assessment (FSVA) 2015 by the World Food Programme (WFP) categorized Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur as severely vulnerable to food-insecurity (priority 1). The aim of this program was to develop partial and spatial map of current condition, problems, threats, potentials, and strategic policies to develop food security in this area. The program was focused on Kupang district, Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur, through: 1) literature study; 2) identification and mapping of natural resources; 3) Focus Group Discussion; 4) field trip and data collection; 5) data analysis; 6) development of program; 7) workshop. Kupang district had three sub-districts that were most vulnerable to food insecurity (priority 1), namely Semau, South Semau, and Takari. The determining factors of vulnerability to food-insecurity were: (1) high poverty rate, (2) high prevalence of underweight among children, and (3) low access to clean water. The characteristic of the hilly areas in Kupang is dry-land on karst region with very low land-productivity. The limiting factors are low rainfall, low water availability, high temperature, low moisture and low fertility. Livestock were still raised traditionally on natural pastures. Some of the programs needed to enhance food-security in Tanini village are: (1) Improvement of land productivity, including infrastructure, facilities for intensive livestock farming systems, and optimization of dry land's potential; (2) Water management trough the construction of water reservoirs and the preservation of watershed and groundwater basins; (3) Capacity building for communities including farmers, the education on food consumption and processing, society empowerment by improving soft skills and hard skills. The analysis and estimation of World Food Programme showed that after intervention, the composite score of Kupang district changed from 91.18 (priority 3) to 66.54 (priority 5). The map of food-insecurity was ideal as a reference in planning an effective and efficient program. Keywords: food-insecurity, mapping, food, food-securit

The Development of Master Plan and Initial Program for Food Security in Papua's Food Insecurity-Prone Areas, Indonesia

Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas Indonesia 2015 classified the vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity in nine indicators covering food availability, food access and food utilization. The program was focused in 2 district (Manokwari and Merauke) in Papua region, Indonesia, from August 2015 for multi-years activities. Program was developed in cooperation between Kemendes PDTT (Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Areas and Transmigration); UGM Yogyakarta and local goverment of each District. According to the performance of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, all 14 districts in priority group 1 that most vulnerable to food insecurity are all in Papua. There are five key issues related to food insecurity in Papua region, namely: Child stunting, Normative Consumption per Capita Ratio (NCPR), Percentage of people living below the poverty line, Percentage of households without access to clean and safe drinking-water, and poor families. The availability of food especially the production of rice, maize, cassava in Manokwari and Merauke were relatively less developed. The percentage of children under 5 who are more than -2 standard deviations (-2 SD) from their age and gender-specific reference heights (2005 WHO standards) were more than 40%. Based on the indicators the ratio of consumption to production in Manokwari was relatively high deficits (> 1.50) due to the limited rice area. Percentage of villages with no access to land and natural fresh water is quite low (<10%), because of large area and high presipitation in Papua. The poverty was high (25-35%) causes a low access to food, about 30-40% of households have no access to clean water directly. Manokwari and Merauke district have optimal edaphic factors (land area, vast land, not yet explored land, relatively fertile soil, ample water resources, natural, no pollution, low accessibility), optimum agro-climatic factor (high rainfall, optimum temperature, strong sunlight intensity, throughout the year), optimum potential biological factors (high biodiversity, high growth, high cultivating potential, still not intensive farming and livestock), socio-economic culture factor that is less than optimal (nature high-dependency, indigenous peoples' traditional, low population density, lack of education, high poverty, bad nutrition, natural clean water, low ethos, low resilience, low adaptability, more progressive immigrant communities). Their disaster-prone conditions will determine areas vulnerable to food. The potential of agro-ecosystems that have great potential as a major leverage to the strong regional food if managed properly. Development of master plan for food security 2015-2019 through (i) capacity building of human resources, (ii) natural resource management (iii) business management, would give smart and futuristic perpective program for food security