Creación del museo “Cristo Redentor” distrito y provincia de Yungay – Departamento de Ancash

La provincia de Yungay busca separarse económica y turísticamente de la centralización globalizada que tiene la capital de nuestro departamento de Ancash a través de la creación del museo de sitio con innovaciones tecnológicas interactivas que se encargará de fomentar la cultura e identidad y fortalecer la historia que sostiene la provincia de Yungay a raíz del sismo provocado en el año 1970 producido por un fuerte terremoto y el desprendimiento de un bloque de hielo que produjo un aluvión sepultando la ciudad, dejando más de 30 000 fallecidos y muy pocos sobrevivientes quienes hasta el presente realizan testimonios de vida y salvación de aquella época, misma identidad cultural que en el transcurso del tiempo y las actuales generaciones que existen han ido perdiendo por falta de cultura histórica local, de tal forma que con la creación de este museo de sitio ayudara a la población de manera general con la identidad cultural, información conmemorativa, conocimientos, elevación de la situación económica y difusión de la actividad turística. El objetivo principal es diseñar una infraestructura donde se pueda informar sobre el hecho histórico ocurrido en el contexto local en el año de 1970 de una manera didáctica, interactiva e innovadora que atraerá las miradas de los visitantes generando un levantamiento económico en la provincia descentralizándose de Huaraz y obteniendo mejores ingresos al convertirse en punto principal del circuito turístico de la zona del callejón de Huayla

Relaciones de poder-saber inscritas en el PND Santos periodo (2014-2018) y la Ley 388 del 1997 desde el análisis crítico del discurso.

En este procesos de revision documental RELACIONES DE PODER-SABER INSCRITAS EN EL PND SANTOS PERIODO (2014-2018) Y LEY 388 DEL 1997 DESDE EL ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DEL DISCURSO se encuentra una posibidad de entretejer y develar un discurso enmarcado por diversas intencionalidades políticas económicas etc, que perpetúan diversas prácticas en el territorio, Es del esta manera como la investigación a partir del ACD y desde la estructura lingüística del Van Dijk se centra en reconocer las intencionalidades que surgen del PND de Santos (2014-2018) y la ley 388 del 1997, mostrando asi elementos que permiten reconocer el discurso más allá del la razón, para convertirse en un lenguaje que trae consigo pretensiones en este caso para el uso de suelo y el territorio

Exposure of Toluene Diisocyanate Induces DUSP6 and p53 through Activation of TRPA1 Receptor

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a major intermediate agent used in the manufacturing industry, causes respiratory symptoms when exposed to the human body. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of TDI toxicity. To investigate the impact of TDI exposure on global gene expression, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) after TDI treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were sorted and used for clustering and network analysis. Among DEGs, dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) was one of the genes significantly changed by TDI exposure. To verify the expression level of DUSP6 and its effect on lung cells, the mRNA and protein levels of DUSP6 were analyzed. Our results showed that DUSP6 was dose-dependently upregulated by TDI treatment. Thereby, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, one of the direct inhibitory targets of DUSP6, was decreased. TDI exposure also increased the mRNA level of p53 along with its protein and activity which trans-activates DUSP6. Since TRPA1 is known as a signal integrator activated by TDI, we analyzed the relevance of TRPA1 receptor in DUSP6 regulation. Our data revealed that up-regulation of DUSP6 mediated by TDI was blocked by a specific antagonist against TRPA1. TDI exposure attenuated the apoptotic response, which suggests that it promotes the survival of cancerous cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that TDI induces DUSP6 and p53, but attenuates ERK1/2 activity through TRPA1 receptor activation, leading to cytotoxicity

Reliability of four experimental mechanical pain tests in children

Ann-Britt L Soee,1 Lise L Thomsen,2 Birte Tornoe,1,3 Liselotte Skov11Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Headache Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Department of Neuropediatrics, Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, København Ø, Denmark; 3Department of Physiotherapy, Medical Department O, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, DenmarkPurpose: In order to study pain in children, it is necessary to determine whether pain measurement tools used in adults are reliable measurements in children. The aim of this study was to explore the intrasession reliability of pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in healthy children. Furthermore, the aim was also to study the intersession reliability of the following four tests: (1) Total Tenderness Score; (2) PPT; (3) Visual Analog Scale score at suprapressure pain threshold; and (4) area under the curve (stimulus–response functions for pressure versus pain).Participants and methods: Twenty-five healthy school children, 8–14 years of age, participated. Test 2, PPT, was repeated three times at 2 minute intervals on the same day to estimate PPT intrasession reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Tests 1–4 were repeated after median 21 (interquartile range 10.5–22) days, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to describe the intersession reliability.Results: The PPT test was precise and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.92). All tests showed a good to excellent correlation between days (intersessions r = 0.66–0.81). There were no indications of significant systematic differences found in any of the four tests between days.Conclusion: All tests seemed to be reliable measurements in pain evaluation in healthy children aged 8–14 years. Given the small sample size, this conclusion needs to be confirmed in future studies.Keywords: repeatability, intraindividual reliability, pressure pain threshold, pain measurement, algomete

Altered pain perception in children with chronic tension-type headache: Is this a sign of central sensitisation?

AIM: The aim of this article is to investigate if children (7-17 years) with frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH) or chronic TTH (CTTH) have an altered pain perception compared to healthy controls.METHODS: We applied a pressure of five increasing intensities to m. trapezius and m. temporalis with a Somedic Algometer II. Visual analogue scale-score was rated and area under the curve (AUC) calculated. An average AUC in each person was used as an outcome variable in further univariate multiple linear regression analysis because factor analysis showed that AUC represents only one dimension underlying both muscles.RESULTS: Participants included 22 children with FETTH, 36 children with CTTH and 57 controls. The CTTH group had a significantly higher AUC compared to the control group ( P < 0.001). The FETTH group represented an intermediate state. AUC did not change with increasing age, headache years, headache intensity, headache frequency or sex.CONCLUSION: Children with CTTH show significantly increased pain sensitivity in a range of pressures compared to the FETTH group and the controls. Since AUC in m. trapezius and m. temporalis represents only one general latent tenderness, it might indicate that the altered pain perception is mainly due to central sensitisation

Pain sensitivity and pericranial tenderness in children with tension-type headache: a controlled study

Purpose: To compare tenderness and pain sensitivity in children (aged 7–17 years) with tension-type headache (TTH) and healthy controls using total tenderness score (TTS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pain perceived at suprapressure pain threshold (supraPPT). Patients and methods: Twenty-three children with frequent episodic TTH, 36 with chronic TTH, and 57 healthy controls were included. TTS was measured bilaterally at seven pericranial myofascial structures. PPT and supraPPT were assessed in the finger, m. temporalis, and m. trapezius by a Somedic® algometer. SupraPPT was defined as the pain perceived at a stimulus calculated as the individual site-specific PPT + 50%. Statistics: The effect of group, sex, age, headache frequency, intensity, and years on TTS, PPT, and supraPPT was analyzed by general linear models. Confirmatory factor analysis was analyzed for mutual relations between measurements. Results and conclusion: Tenderness increased uniformly in both frequent episodic TTH (median 14; interquartile range [IQR] 10–18; P < 0.001) and chronic TTH (median 13; IQR 9–20; P < 0.001) compared to controls (median 5, IQR 3–11). However, the children with frequent episodic TTH and chronic TTH did not show significantly increased sensitivity when measured by PPT or supraPPT. Factor analysis confirmed that the site-specific measurements depended on general latent variables. Consequently, the PPT and supraPPT tests can be assumed to measure central pain-processing levels

Pain sensitivity and pericranial tenderness in children with tension-type headache: a controlled study

Ann-Britt L Soee,1 Liselotte Skov,1 Svend Kreiner,4 Birte Tornoe,1,2 Lise L Thomsen3 1Department of Paediatrics, Children&#39;s Headache Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Department of Physiotherapy, Medical Department O, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3Department of Neuropediatrics, Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet,&nbsp;Copenhagen Denmark; 4Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Purpose: To compare tenderness and pain sensitivity in children (aged 7&ndash;17 years) with tension-type headache (TTH) and healthy controls using total tenderness score (TTS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and pain perceived at suprapressure pain threshold (supraPPT). Patients and methods: Twenty-three children with frequent episodic TTH, 36 with chronic TTH, and 57 healthy controls were included. TTS was measured bilaterally at seven pericranial myofascial structures. PPT and supraPPT were assessed in the finger, m. temporalis, and m. trapezius by a Somedic&reg; algometer. SupraPPT was defined as the pain perceived at a stimulus calculated as the individual site-specific PPT + 50%. Statistics: The effect of group, sex, age, headache frequency, intensity, and years on TTS, PPT, and supraPPT was analyzed by general linear models. Confirmatory factor analysis was analyzed for mutual relations between measurements. Results and conclusion: Tenderness increased uniformly in both frequent episodic TTH (median 14; interquartile range [IQR] 10&ndash;18; P < 0.001) and chronic TTH (median 13; IQR 9&ndash;20; P < 0.001) compared to controls (median 5, IQR 3&ndash;11). However, the children with frequent episodic TTH and chronic TTH did not show significantly increased sensitivity when measured by PPT or supraPPT. Factor analysis confirmed that the site-specific measurements depended on general latent variables. Consequently, the PPT and supraPPT tests can be assumed to measure central pain-processing levels. Keywords: sensitization, pain measurement, total tenderness score, pressure pain threshold, pathophysiological mechanisms, suprathreshold stimulatio

Identification and Characterization of mRNA Biomarkers for Sodium Cyanide Exposure

Biomarkers in exposure assessment are defined as the quantifiable targets that indicate the exposure to hazardous chemicals and their resulting health effect. In this study, we aimed to identify, validate, and characterize the mRNA biomarker that can detect the exposure of sodium cyanide. To identify reliable biomarkers for sodium cyanide exposure, critical criteria were defined for candidate selection: (1) the expression level of mRNA significantly changes in response to sodium thiocyanate treatment in transcriptomics results (fold change > 2.0 or p-value ADCY5, ANGPTL4, CCNG2, CD9, COL1A2, DACT3, GGCX, GRB14, H1F0, HSPA1A, MAF, MAT2A, PPP1R10, and PPP4C. The expression levels of these candidates were commonly downregulated by sodium cyanide exposure both in vitro and in vivo. We functionally characterized the biomarkers and established the impact of sodium cyanide on transcriptomic profiles using in silico approaches. Our results suggest that the biomarkers may contribute to the regulation and degradation of the extracellular matrix, leading to a negative effect on surrounding lung cells

Limited intercarpal fusion versus proximal row carpectomy in the treatment of SLAC or SNAC wrist, results after 3.5 years

Abstract The present study compares the postoperative clinical, radiological, and patient-reported functional results between the surgical procedures Proximal Row Carpectomy and Limited Carpal Fusion, in the treatment of SLAC and SNAC conditions of the wrist. 15 Proximal Row Carpectomy patients and 45 Limited Carpal Fusion patients were included in the study. Postoperative outcomes were assessed and compared for pain at load, range of motion, grip strength, Quick-DASH, and satisfaction. A radiological assessment was performed at the follow-up. The Proximal Row Carpectomy patients had a mean age of 60 years (range 31–77) and a mean follow-up of 42 months. The Limited Carpal Fusion patients had a mean age of 58 years (range 35–76) and a mean follow-up of 41 months. The patients treated with Limited Carpal Fusion performed significantly better regarding pain, radial-ulnar motion, and the Quick-DASH (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, and p = 0.002), respectively. The grip strength difference between the treatment groups was stratified for gender and was found significantly better for men in the LCF-treated patients, but not different for women (p = 0.03, p = 0.26), respectively. Differences in flexion–extension between the groups were insignificant (p = 0.525). A higher conversion rate to total wrist fusion was observed in the patients treated with the Proximal Row Carpectomy. All the Proximal Row Carpectomy patients had osteoarthritis at follow-up, whereas it was seen in 19% of the Limited Carpal Fusion patients. The patient-reported satisfaction was substantially better for the Limited Carpal Fusion patients. In conclusion, among patients treated for SNAC and SLAC wrist conditions, besides the findings of flexion–extension, and grip strength which were found without difference for women the findings are in favour of Limited Carpal Fusion compared to Proximal Row Carpectomy. Further, preferably prospective studies are needed to confirm or reject our findings. Level of evidence: Retrospective, comparative cohort study, level III