Fingerprint Powder Formulation based on Azure I1 Dye

A novel fingerprint-dusting composition based on an organic dye, azure 11, has been prepared. The proportion of the dye in the formulation is 1 per cent, the remaining being an adhesivemixture of meshed aluminum, boric acid, talc, and barium carbonate. The powder gives sharp and clear prints on a wide range of absorbent and non-absorbent surfaces, including multicoloured ones. Weak, chance prints may be detected under ultraviolet light

Scientific Racism faced by Indian Fingerprint Scientists during Colonial Rule: Need to correct a Historical Wrong

In the last decade of the nineteenth century, two Indian officers of the Bengal Police, Sub-Inspectors Azizul Haque and Hem Chandra Bose worked out a mathematical formula for classifying fingerprints. This formula was soon adopted by all the nations across the globe for cataloguing criminal records. It is still being used worldwide. Unfortunately, due to the imperialist policies of the colonial rulers, the Indian policemen were sidelined and their English officer, Sir Edward Richard Henry shrewdly gave his name to the classification methodology. The world’s first fingerprint bureau was set up at Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1897 mainly by the efforts of Haque and Bose. In addition, Bose invented the telegraphic code system for fingerprints and published it in 1916. Sir Charles Stockley Collins of Scotland Yard, who is worldwide recognised as the originator of the fingerprint telegraphic technique, published his findings in 1921 — five years after Bose’s publication. Likewise, Bose devised the single-digit fingerprint classification system three years prior to Harry Battley who stole the credit for this invention. The then British government reciprocated the sagaciousness of Haque and Bose by awarding each of them an honorarium of Rs 5000/- and by conferring the titles of Khan Bahadur and Rai Bahadur, respectively on them. (After India became free these decorations were rendered meaningless, for all titles were abolished under an Act of the Constitution). However, this is not enough. Justice has been denied to Haque and Bose. Now that the colonial clouds have dispersed, it is pertinent to highlight the contribution of these police officers so that they may officially be recognised as pioneers of the science of fingerprinting

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Konsep dasar kimia lingkungan

xix, 612 hlm ,:15,5x24 cm

Konsep Dasar Kimia Lingkungan

XIX; 612 hlm; 15,5 x 24 c

Physical developer method for detection of latent fingerprints: A review

The physical developer technique is a means to detect fingerprints on dry and wet, porous items, including paper articles, clay-based products and adhesive tapes. The process involves an oxidation–reduction couple whereby a solution of an iron salt reduces aqueous silver nitrate to finely divided metallic silver. The technique derives its name from the photographic physical developer which, during processing of film rolls, undergoes a similar redox reaction. The physical developer reveals the fingerprints as dark gray or black images due to the adsorption of metallic silver particles on the fatty acid and lipid components of sweat residue

Small particle reagent based on crystal violet dye for developing latent fingerprints on non-porous wet surfaces

Small particle reagent (SPR) is a widely used method for developing latent fingerprints on non-porous wet surfaces. SPR based on zinc carbonate hydroxide monohydrate, ZnCo3·2Zn(OH)2·H2O – also called basic zinc carbonate – has been formulated. The other ingredients of the formulation are crystal violet dye and a commercial liquid detergent. The composition develops clear, sharp and detailed fingerprints on non-porous items, after these were immersed separately in clean and dirty water for variable periods of time. The ability of the present formulation to detect weak and faint chance prints not only enhances its utility, but also its potentiality in forensic case work investigations. The raw materials used to prepare the SPR are cost-effective and non-hazardous

Dithiocarbazate Complexes of Ti(IV), Zr(IV) & Oxomolybdenum(VI) Derivatives

625-62

A novel method for the development of latent fingerprints recovered from arson simulation

AbstractA diverse range of physical and chemical methods is available for the development of latent fingerprints. But fingerprints exposed to extreme conditions like fire or arson are generally perceived to have been damaged. Electromagnetic radiations, soot deposition and high temperatures are the forces generated in a fire, which may affect the fingerprints at the scene. Thus, the potential value of highly crucial evidence like fingerprints remains unutilized. This study was conducted to determine if fingerprints could be developed after being subjected to an arson/fire scene simulation. Fingerprints on nonporous surfaces were subjected to high temperatures, soot deposition and subsequently treated with water. A novel fluorescent and a pre-existing small particle reagent was investigated for the same. Zinc carbonate based fluorescent small particle reagent was capable of developing latent fingerprints exposed to a maximum temperature of 800°C