Wireless Patient Monitoring System

This report is about building a wireless patient monitoring system which is used to read the pulse rate of a patient without disturbing or hurting him or her physically. All the readings are sent to a computer and saved for the purpose of monitoring the pulse rate. The system will keep reading the pulse rate of each patient once every minute

FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATION OF FAULT DIAGNOSIS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF PLANAR STRUCTURES

Nowadays, circuit design technologies have progressively advanced to cope with the high performance of the electronic components. With the circuit design advancement,the technology for IC fabrication has moved to deep submicron era. As the circuit sizes continue to scale down to nanoscale, the number of transistors and interconnects on the circuits tends to grow as well. This challengesthe circuit testing by introducing high number of possible faults on the circuit. Consequently, the product qualitycontrol has become more challenging. The product quality could drop significantly ifthe circuits are not designed to be testable

Printed Circuit Board Fault Inspection Based on Eddy Current Testing Using Planar Coil Sensor

Abstract This paper presents a printed circuit board (PCB) fault inspection method using eddy current testing generated from Helmholtz coils with a planar array-coil sensor to locate and inspect short and open faults on uniformly spaced interconnect single layer PCBs. The differences between the induced voltages from fault-free boards and faulty boards will be recorded in tables and translated into contour plots. The experimental results showed that in the presence of a short fault, the differences between the induced voltages from fault-free and faulty boards are highly negative. However, in the presence of an open fault, the differences between the induced voltages from fault free and faulty boards are highly positive. These highly positive or negative induced voltages can be translated into high density color regions on contour plots. The potential fault positions can be located by observing the color regions of the contour plots with respect to each element of the matrix sensor

Recent advances of wearable antennas in materials, fabrication methods, designs, and their applications: state-of-the-art

The demand for wearable technologies has grown tremendously in recent years. Wearable antennas are used for various applications, in many cases within the context of wireless body area networks (WBAN). In WBAN, the presence of the human body poses a significant challenge to the wearable antennas. Specifically, such requirements are required to be considered on a priority basis in the wearable antennas, such as structural deformation, precision, and accuracy in fabrication methods and their size. Various researchers are active in this field and, accordingly, some significant progress has been achieved recently. This article attempts to critically review the wearable antennas especially in light of new materials and fabrication methods, and novel designs, such as miniaturized button antennas and miniaturized single and multi-band antennas, and their unique smart applications in WBAN. Finally, the conclusion has been drawn with respect to some future directions

Design and evaluation of a flexible dual-band meander line monopole antenna for on- and off-body healthcare applications

The human body is an extremely challenging environment for wearable antennas due to the complex antenna-body coupling effects. In this article, a compact flexible dual-band planar meander line monopole antenna (MMA) with a truncated ground plane made of multiple layers of standard off-the-shelf materials is evaluated to validate its performance when worn by different subjects to help the designers who are shaping future complex on-/off-body wireless devices. The antenna was fabricated, and the measured results agreed well with those from the simulations. As a reference, in free-space, the antenna provided omnidirectional radiation patterns (ORP), with a wide impedance bandwidth of 1282.4 (450.5) MHz with a maximum gain of 3.03 dBi (4.85 dBi) in the lower (upper) bands. The impedance bandwidth could reach up to 688.9 MHz (500.9 MHz) and 1261.7 MHz (524.2 MHz) with the gain of 3.80 dBi (4.67 dBi) and 3.00 dBi (4.55 dBi), respectively, on the human chest and arm. The stability in results shows that this flexible antenna is sufficiently robust against the variations introduced by the human body. A maximum measured shift of 0.5 and 100 MHz in the wide impedance matching and resonance frequency was observed in both bands, respectively, while an optimal gap between the antenna and human body was maintained. This stability of the working frequency provides robustness against various conditions including bending, movement, and relatively large fabrication tolerances

HIGHLY SELECTIVE LOSSY DUAL-BAND BANDSTOP FILTER REALIZATION BASED ON PREDISTORTION HYBRID REFLECTION FUNCTIONS

Filters are one of the most important parts in communications systems to filter or suppress any unwanted signals at both transmitter and receiver sides to avoid any possible radiation of signals into main frequency spectra. They can adapt to various topologies depending upon the requirements

Machine Learning-Optimized Compact Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna With RSSI Enhancement for Long-Range Applications

This study presents an innovative and compact monopole antenna with dual-band frequency reconfigurability for LoRa applications. It operates within the 915 MHz and 868 MHz frequencies, aligning with the designated bands for use in America, Asia and Europe. No existing compact reconfigurable antenna with these features for LoRa applications within ISM bands below 1 GHz is known. Employing an economical FR-4 substrate in its design, the antenna attains a compact size of $40 \times 42 \text {mm}^{2}$ ( $0.12\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 0.12\,\,\lambda _{0}$ ), where $\lambda _{0}$ denotes the wavelength in free space corresponding to 868 MHz. A single RF PIN diode enables seamless switching between 868 MHz and 915 MHz bands. Design, simulation, and optimization employed CST MWS® software. Supervised regression Machine Learning (ML) models predicted resonance frequencies, with Gaussian Process Regression emerging as optimal, achieving R-squared and variance scores of 92.87% and 93.77%, respectively. A maximum gain of 2 dBi at 915 MHz and 70% efficiency, boasting good radiation patterns and matching was demonstrated by the antenna. Experimental validation in a football field at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, assessed the proposed antenna’s performance on a LoRa transceiver system based on LoRa SX1276. The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of the proposed antenna consistently exceeded the conventional commercially available monopole antenna by an average of $\mathbf {-12 \mathrm {dBm}}$ at every point up to 300 m, showcasing enhanced signal reception. The antenna proves promising for wireless sensor nodes in long-range applications

Triple-Band Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna for Long-Range IoT Applications

In this study, a novel reconfigurable triple-band monopole antenna for LoRa IoT applications is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate. The proposed antenna is designed to function at three distinct LoRa frequency bands: 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz covering the LoRa bands in Europe, America, and Asia. The antenna is reconfigurable by using a PIN diode switching mechanism, which allows for the selection of the desired operating frequency band based on the state of the diodes. The antenna is designed using CST MWS® software 2019 and optimized for maximum gain, good radiation pattern and efficiency. The antenna with a total dimension of 80 mm × 50 mm × 0.6 mm (0.12λ0×0.07λ0 × 0.001λ0 at 433 MHz) has a gain of 2 dBi, 1.9 dBi, and 1.9 dBi at 433 MHz, 868 MHz, and 915 MHz, respectively, with an omnidirectional H-plane radiation pattern and a radiation efficiency above 90% across the three frequency bands. The fabrication and measurement of the antenna have been carried out, and the results of simulation and measurements are compared. The agreement among the simulation and measurement results confirms the design’s accuracy and the antenna’s suitability for LoRa IoT applications, particularly in providing a compact, flexible, and energy efficient communication solution for different LoRa frequency bands