Meningkatkan Kinerja Penjualan Melalui Optimisime: Kajian tentang Pelatihan Optimisme terhadap Kinerja Penjualan di Perusahaan Fashion Muslim

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sales performance sebelum dan setelah pelatihan optimisme pada karyawan penjualan di PT. “X” Bandung. Jumlah partisipan penelitan sebanyak 11 orang. Desain yang digunakan adalah Single Group Pretest-Posttest Studies dengan analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon sign rank. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala Sales performance yang disusun berdasarkan teori Babakus dkk. (1996). Pelatihan optimisme disusun berdasarkan teori Seligman (1990). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan sales performance, baik secara keseluruhan maupun per dimensi, antara sebelum dan setelah pelatihan optimisme dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,003 (p 0,05). Perbedaan tersebut mengarah pada peningkatan skor sales performance pada masing-masing responden setelah diberikan pelatihan, sehingga dapat dikatakan pelatihan optimisme dapat meningkatkan sales performance karyawan penjualan PT. “X” Bandung. Bagi pihak perusahaan diharapkan memberikan kesempatan karyawan untuk mengembangkan perilaku dan hasil kerja, memberikan review hasil kerja dan umpan balik atas review tersebut.Kata kunci: Optimisme, sales performance, karyawan penjualan Abstract: This study aimed to determine the difference of sales performance before and after optimism training in PT. “X” Bandung. The respondent were 11 salespeople. The design used Single Group Pretest-Posttest Studies with Wilcoxon sign rank Test to analyze data. The instrument used was Sales performance Scale that conducted from Babakus et al. (1996) theory. Optimism training was conducted from Seligman (1990) theory. There was 37 valid items and the reliability coefficient was 0,919. The results showed a difference in sales performance both overall and dimension of sales performance before and after giving optimism training, with the value of signifance was 0,003 (p 0,005). This result means Sales performance increased training. It could be concluded that optimism training can improve sales performance in salespeople at PT. “X’. The company has to provide employees the opportunity to develop behavior and work results, provide a review and feedback of work.Keywords: optimism, sales performance, salespeopl

Changes in Defoliation Patterns of Plant Functional Groups under Variable Herbage Allowance in Campos Grasslands

Several studies have evaluated separately forage production, botanical composition, leaf traits and animal performance. However, few of them have focused on defoliation patterns at the level of functional groups (FGs) under different and variable herbage allowance (HA), especially in natural, diverse grasslands. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between HA and leaf traits on defoliation patterns of mature beef cows in the autumn, winter and spring. We evaluated the grazing probability (GP), intensity of defoliation (ID), and leaf traits on 14 species that represent more than 80% of total dry matter of the pasture. The experiment at which we evaluated those traits and responses has been managed under High HA (HHA) and Low HA (LHA) (8 and 5 kg dry matter kg live weight-1, respectively). Four plant FGs (A, B, C and D) were defined according to leaf traits, and a selectivity index (SI) was developed for each group (considering the proportion of grazed and ungrazed species). Grazing patterns shifted across seasons. In the autumn, grazing was concentrated on FGs A, B and C groups (GP = 0.417). While for FG D, represented by high-biomass tussocks, the GP was lower (0.075). During winter, when herbage accumulation rate is limited, the average GP was 0.175. FGs C and D were more defoliated in relation to autumn, and during spring the GP shifted to FG B (0.289). The ID was similar to all FGs and seasons (66 % of leaf removed). In autumn and spring, the SI was affected by FGs and HA while in winter were similar between FGs but higher in HHA. Cows behaved differently in the defoliation pattern, modifying mainly the GP on FGs rather than the ID. Variation in HA across season determined changes in defoliation pattern, allowing to express selectivity in autumn and spring

Daily Faecal Excretion of Alkane \u3cem\u3eC\u3csub\u3e32\u3c/sub\u3e\u3c/em\u3e in Beef Cattle Females Grazing Natural Grasslands in Southern Brazil and in Uruguay

The n-alkane technique is accepted as an appropriate method to estimate herbage intake by grazing ruminants. This method reinforces issues similar to those raised by other methods based on markers such as the effect of carrier matrix or dosing method and frequency on the excretion kinetics of the dosed n-alkanes (Dove et al. 2002; Molina et al. 2004, Oliván et al. 2007). The time of dosage needed to reach the dynamical equilibrium between the concentrations of alkanes in the diet and in the faeces of ruminants is still unclear for the natural grassland environments. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate timing of oral administration of alkane C32 to estimate herbage intake in beef heifers on natural grassland environments

Los sistemas integrados de producción agropecuaria como alternativa agroecológica (experiencia Cubana)

Specialized production systems generally require exogenous flow of resources and their maintenance and stability does not depend on its ability to sustain itself. In contrast, agroecological production systems, facing processes, show greater carrying capacity, generating synergies that may enhance natural abilities to produce food of plant and animal origin and to restore balance productive, ecologically and economically, to the influence refusal of any internal or external factor. A system is considered the sum of its parts, but the result of all, made by the parties. In agroecological systems implanted rationality not only biological functioning of soil, plants and animals, but is related to man and their social, economic and political. Here is discarded anthropocentric view of the world and takes place biocentric vision, which explains the functioning and evolution of any changes. Another aspect to consider are the traditional techniques and local knowledge. The experience acquired traditional and local knowledge, including empirical, agricultural activity is transmitted from generation to generation and are very important to achieve productive and efficient results.Los sistemas especializados de producción requieren generalmente de un flujo exógeno de recursos y su mantenimiento y estabilidad no dependen de su capacidad propia de sustento. En cambio, los sistemas productivos agroecológicos, que miran hacia los procesos, muestran mayor capacidad de sostenimiento, generando sinergias que permiten potenciar las capacidades naturales de producir alimentos de origen vegetal y animal y de restaurar el equilibrio productivo, ecológico y económico, ante la influencia negativa de cualquier factor interno o externo. Un sistema no es considerado la suma de sus partes, sino el resultado del todo, formado por las partes. En los sistemas agroecológicos se implanta no solo la racionalidad biológica del funcionamiento del suelo, las plantas y los animales, sino que se relaciona con el hombre y su entorno social, económico y político. Aquí se desecha la visión antropocéntrica del mundo y toma lugar la visión biocéntrica, que explica el funcionamiento y evolución de cualquier cambio. Otro aspecto a tener en cuenta son las técnicas tradicionales y los conocimientos locales. Las experiencias acumuladas, los conocimientos tradicionales y locales, incluso los empíricos, en la actividad agropecuaria se trasmiten de generación en generación y son de mucha importancia para lograr resultados productivos y eficientes

La traducción escrita en ciencias médicas

Se exponen las reglas y requisitos para una traducción escrita con vistas a facilitar una mejor comprensión de la literatura médica escrita en idioma inglés en el campo de las Ciencias Médicas

Ibrutinib in Combination With Rituximab for Indolent Clinical Forms of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (IMCL-2015): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial

Ibrutinib; Mantle cell lymphomaIbrutinib; Linfoma de células del mantoIbrutinib; Limfoma de cèl·lules de mantellPURPOSE The need for an individualized management of indolent clinical forms in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is increasingly recognized. We hypothesized that a tailored treatment with ibrutinib in combination with rituximab (IR) could obtain significant responses in these patients. METHODS This is a multicenter single-arm, open-label, phase II study with a two-stage design conducted in 12 Spanish GELTAMO sites (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02682641). Previously untreated MCL patients with indolent clinical forms defined by the following criteria were eligible: no disease-related symptoms, nonblastoid variants, Ki-67 < 30%, and largest tumor diameter ≤ 3 cm. Both leukemic non-nodal and nodal subtypes were recruited. Patients received ibrutinib 560 mg once daily and a total of eight doses of rituximab 375 mg/m2. Ibrutinib could be discontinued after 2 years in the case of sustained undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD). The primary end point was the complete response (CR) rate achieved after 12 cycles according to Lugano criteria. RESULTS Fifty patients with MCL (male 66%; median age 65 years) were enrolled. After 12 cycles of treatment, 42 (84%; 95% CI, 74 to 94) patients had an overall response, including 40 (80%; 95% CI, 69 to 91) with CR. Moreover, undetectable MRD in peripheral blood was achieved in 87% (95% CI, 77 to 97) of cases. At 2 years, 24 of 35 evaluable patients (69%) could discontinue ibrutinib because of undetectable MRD. Four patients had disease progression; three were non-nodal MCL and carried high genomic complexity and TP53 mutations at enrollment. No unexpected toxicity was seen except one patient with severe aplastic anemia. CONCLUSION Frontline IR combination achieves a high rate of CRs and undetectable MRD in indolent clinical forms of MCL. Discontinuation seems appropriate in cases with undetectable MRD, except for TP53-mutated cases.The funding for the IMCL-2015 was obtained through unrestricted Janssen Clinical Investigator-Initiated Study (IIS) Research Support

Respuesta al manejo de factores ecológicos en Coelorachis selloana (hack) en la región noreste de Uruguay

Results from 5 experiments with Coelorachis selloana, a native species of the northeast region of Uruguay are reported; different ecological factors were assessed in paddocks and in the glasshouse. The species was found mainly on clay soils and responded linearly to nitrogen applications up to 100 units; water stress significantly reduced total dry matter production compared with an irrigated control; intensively and frequently cut plants (cut every 2 weeks at 2cm) yielded significantly less dry matter per plant as compared with alleviated ones (cut every 8 weeks); under field conditions its presence increased significantly in conditions with high forage allowance as compared with low forage allowance during the growing season.Se presentan los resultados de 5 experimentos con Coelorachis selloana, una especie nativa de la región noreste de Uruguay; se estudiaron factores ecológicos en condiciones de campo y en el invernáculo. La especie se encontró principalmente en los suelos arcillosos y respondió linealmente a la aplicación de nitrógeno hasta 100 unidades; el estrés hídrico afectó significativa y negativamente su producción total de materia seca comparado con un testigo con riego, la alta frecuencia e intensidad de corte (corte a 2 cm. y 2 semanas) redujeron significativamente su productividad comparado con una situación de alivio (corte cada 8 semanas); en condiciones de campo, una mayor oferta de forraje incrementó significativamente su presencia durante la estación de crecimiento comparado con una menor oferta de forraje

REHABILITACIÓN CARDIACA EN PACIENTES CON CARDIOPATÍA CORONARIA EN EL INSTITUTO NACIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR DE ESSALUD SETIEMBRE 2017-FEBRERO 2018

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), constituyen un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial; en EsSalud, se ubica en séptimo puesto de las patologías con mayor carga de enfermedad. Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca basados en ejercicios equipan un conjunto de intervenciones diseñadas para mejorar la recuperación del paciente con problemas cardiovasculares agudos o crónicos, los cuales mejoran la capacidad funcional, calidad de vida y ayudan al control de los factores de riesgo. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de un Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca (PRC) en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El estudio fue de tipo observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y longitudinal. La población estuvo constituida por pacientes que ingresaron al Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca del INCOR-ESSALUD entre los meses de setiembre a diciembre del 2017 con diagnóstico de enfermedad coronaria y que completaron las evaluaciones pertinentes. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 109 historias clínicas de pacientes con enfermedad coronaria la mayoría de sexo masculino y con hipertensión arterial como el principal factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Se encontró que luego de completar la PRC, los participantes disminuyeron la circunferencia abdominal (p = 0.000), la presión arterial (p = 0.000) y mejoraron su consumo de oxígeno estimado en METS (p = 0.000); asimismo hubo una reducción de la obesidad abdominal (p = 0.008) y mejoría de la clase funcional (p = 0.000); además existe una mejoría significativa en la calidad de vida de los pacientes (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONES: El PRC tiene efectos significativos sobre la obesidad abdominal, mejoría del consumo de oxígeno estimado, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad coronaria