Impact of single nucleotide polymorphism in chemical metabolizing genes and exposure to wood smoke on risk of cervical cancer in north-indian women

Aim: In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis whether exposure to wood smoke increases the risk of cervical cancer (CC) in North-Indian women who inherit different polymorphic forms of chemical metabolizing genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and CYP1A1). Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty histologically confirmed CC patients and equal number of cancer-free age and ethnicity matched controls were genotyped for genetic polymorphism in chemical metabolizing genes by using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The association of the different genotypes and exposure to wood smoke with the risk of CC in North-Indian women was estimated by doing statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Science. Results: It was observed that the variant genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and CYP1A1 did not significantly increase the risk of CC. However, statistically significant increased risk (odds ratio 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–9.78; p = 0.008) was observed for women who used wood for cooking and had GSTM1 (null) genotype. Conclusions: The present study suggests that genetic differences in the metabolism of wood smoke carcinogens, particularly by GSTM1, may increase the risk of CC

Impact of IFN-g gene polimorphism on the risk of cervical cancer

Cervical cancer, the second most common malignancy in women worldwide, is almost invariably associated with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). However, although many women are infected with high-risk types of HPV, only a subset of infected women will ever develop cervical cancer. Several studies suggested that immunological components play a key role in the development of cervical cancer. Interferon gamma (IFN-g) is a cytokine produced by activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells that enhances cellular immune responses by increasing T-cell cytotoxicity and NK cell activity. Aim: To study single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), T to A, located at the +874 position and measure IFN-g messenger RNA (mRNA) at the tumor site. Methods: DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 200 patients with cervical cancer and 200 healthy controls. The allele polymorphism at position +874 in the IFN-g gene was studied by ARMS-PCR (Amplification Refractory Mutation System) and measured IFN-g mRNA at the tumor site by means of a semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) assay. Results: It was observed that genotypes AT and AA + AT increase the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 3.3, 95% CI — 2.05–5.2, P ≤ 0.001 — OR = 2.9, 95% CI — 1.9–4.6, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). In case of passive smokers same genotypes showed highly significant increased risk of cervical cancer (OR = 5.55, 95% CI = 2.77–11.19 — OR = 5.25, 95% CI = 2.77–10, respectively). Thus, the sqRT-PCR reflected the similar level of mRNA expression of IFN-g gene in patients suffering from cervical carcinoma and healthy controls. Conclusion: This is the first study to provide an evidence for effecting of IFN-g gene on the risk of cervical cancer in north Indian population.Рак шейки матки является второй по распространенности опухолью у женщин во всем мире, и почти неизменно ассоциирован с инфицированием вирусом папилломы человека (HPV). Тем не менее, хотя многие женщины инфицированы HPV с высоким риском развития рака шейки матки, только у некоторых из них развивается данное злокачественное заболевание. Несколько проведенных ранее исследований показали, что иммунологические компоненты играют важную роль в развитии рака шейки матки. Гамма-интерферон (IFN-γ) является цитокином, который продуцируется активированными Т-клетками и естественными киллерными клетками (NK), что приводит к повышению эффективности клеточных иммунных ответов, способствуя усилению цитотоксичности Т-клеток и активности NK-клеток. Цель: изучить одиночный нуклеотидный полиморфизм (SNP), замену T на A в положении +874 и оценить уровень экспрессии РНК, кодирующей IFN-γ, в опухоли. Методы: ДНК выделяли из периферической крови 200 больных раком шейки матки и 200 здоровых доноров. Аллельный полиморфизм гена IFN-γ в положении +874 изучали с помощью ARMS-PCR (Amplification Refractory Mutation System). Оценку количества кодирующей IFN-γ мРНК в опухоли проводили с помощью полуколичественной обратной полимеразной реакции (sqRT-PCR). Результаты: показано, что генотипы AT и AA + AT повышают риск развития рака шейки матки (OR = 3,3; 95% CI — 2,05–5,2; P ≤ 0,001 — OR = 2,9; 95% CI — 1,9–4,6; P ≤ 0,001). В случае пассивных курильщиков при тех же генотипах отмечено очень существенное повышение риска развития рака шейки матки (OR = 5,55; 95% CI = 2,77–11,19 — OR = 5,25; 95% CI = 2,77–10). В то же время sqRT-PCR показал, что мРНК IFN-γ экспрессирована на одинаковом уровне у больных раком шейки матки и у здоровых доноров. Выводы: проведено первое исследование, доказывающее вклад полиморфизма гена IFN-γ в риск развития рака шейки матки у жительниц северной части Индии

DNA Immobilization Chemical Interference due to Aggregates Study by Dip and Drop Approach

In the present manuscript, we report the studies and observations for chemical interference due to aggregates formation during covalent immobilization of thiolated λ-DNA between gold microelectrodes. Dip and Drop approaches were employed to study DNA immobilization using thiolated oligos (oligoA 5′ GGGCGGCGACCT 3′ and oligoB 5′ AGGTCGCCGCCC 3′). As a result of aggregation, less interference was observed in Dip approach as compared to Drop approach. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis of piranha treated gold surface revealed 47.5% increase in height roughness, contributing in interference by creating active sites. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies ascertain the multitude of adsorption states existing in long strand of DNA on surface. Surface coverage was found to be ∼ 72% (1.35 × 1010 molecules/cm2), and ∼ 42% (7.89 × 109 molecules/ cm2) in Dip and Drop approach, respectively. Dip approach can be used as a measure to minimize interference due to aggregation

Not Available

Not AvailableTraditionally, fish species identification is based on morphological characters, yet, in many cases it is difficult toestablish identity as in the case of seahorses which lack key species-diagnostic morphological features. The spotted oryellow seahorse - Hippocampus kuda has a complex identity and the samples collected from the east and west coasts ofIndia were analyzed for the species identification and phylogenetic relationship, based on partial sequence informationof mitochondrial genes - 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI). Estimates of genetic divergence withboth 16S rRNA and COI genes, when compared with the sequence divergence values of H. kuda from other continents(as obtained from NCBI accessions) were sufficient enough to discriminate individuals of the same species from Indianwaters. Pair-wise fST values using AMOVA indicated significant levels of genetic differentiation of H. kuda populationsamong east coast, Kerala and Konkan populations; however, no significant genetic partitioning was observed betweenthe Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar populations.Not Availabl