The latest reports on biomarkers used in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Introduction: Ovarian cancer ranks seventh in terms of incidence and eighth in terms of mortality among women worldwide. It is divided into several subtypes. The epithelial type of ovarian cancer is responsible for 90% of cases. The clinical picture is usually an appendage tumor detected by palpation or during pelvic imaging. Symptoms are usually non-specific such as abdominal pushing or bloating.  State of knowledge: Ovarian cancer is usually detected at an advanced stage due to the long duration of absence of symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to look at existing and identify potential biomarkers that can lead to the development of new and more effective predictors for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. The ability of these biomarkers to predict the existence and stages of ovarian cancer could improve early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. Currently, the biomarkers CA-125 and HE4 play the most important role in diagnosis. However, there are an increasing number of reports on other biomarkers such as kallikreins, bikunin, VEGF, and mesothelin.  Summary: Partly due to the lack of effective screening, ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed in the final stages. This is why ongoing research into new biomarkers that could contribute to faster detection of the disease is so important. They would also increase the effectiveness of the therapies used and enable a better prognosis of the course of the disease.  &nbsp

Groups which are metrically LEF

We consider metric versions of the notions of local embeddability and LEF. We pay special attention to normally finitely generated groups with word metrics.Comment: 48 page

Deep brain stimulation for intractable tardive dystonia: Literature overview

Background Tardive dystonia (TD) represents a side effect of prolonged intake of dopamine receptor blocking compounds. TD can be a disabling movement disorder persisting despite available medical treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been reported successful in this condition although the number of treated patients with TD is still limited to small clinical studies or case reports. The aim of this study was to present the systematical overview of the existing literature regarding DBS for intractable TD. Methods and results A literature search was carried out in PudMed. Clinical case series or case reports describing the patients with TD after DBS treatment were included in the present overview. Literature search revealed 19 articles reporting 59 individuals operated for TD. GPi was the target in 55 patients, while subthalamic nucleus (STN) was the target in the remaining 4. In most studies the motor part of Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) was improved by more than 80% when compared to preoperative BFMDRS scores. Conclusions The performed literature analysis indicates that bilateral GPi DBS is an effective treatment for disabling TD. The response of TD to bilateral GPi DBS may be very rapid and occurs within days/weeks after the procedure. The efficacy of bilateral GPi DBS in TD patients is comparable to results achieved in patients with primary generalized dystonia

Health benefits of hormonal contraception used by symptoms associated with acne vulgaris and hirsutism

Hormonal contraception in reproductive age is used not only as a birth control method but also for other indications like acne vulgaris and hirsutism. Acne vulgaris and hirsutism are important signs related to hyperandrogenaemia and provide a serious medical problem for the patients. Reduction of numerous existing symptoms leads to an improvement in the quality of women’s life. The aim of the study is to present author’s statistical data and to compare it to available data on non-contraceptive benefits

The effect of hormonal contraception on symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle

Nowadays, there exist a large number of methods that allow to prevent unintended pregnancy. One of the most common technique in Poland is hormonal contraception in the form of contraceptive pills. This method is effective, easy to use, and more importantly it does not cause permanent sterility. Moreover, hormonal contraception comes with plenty of additional health benefits that are not related to contraception alone, such as: reduction of menstrual pain, regular cycles and lack of menorrhagia. Due to the beneficial effect on the body, hormonal contraception is used in the treatment of certain diseases, such as acne and endometriosis. Reduction of numerous existing symptoms leads to an improvement in the quality of women’s lives

Semantyka grzebowisk dla zwierząt na tle miejsc pochówków ludzi. Analiza porównawcza makroznaków

The contemporary practice of creating official animal burial sites exhibits certain analogies with cemeteries, which function not only as burial sites for humans but also as complex symbols of remembering the dead. Both are macro-signs, manifested through verbal and non-verbal codes. Human cemeteries are characterised by greater symbolic complexity and diversity, deriving from centuries-old cultural and religious traditions. The linguistic and non-linguistic actions performed with respect to cemeteries, in the broadly understood situational context, are closely related to the sphere of sacrum, represented by the symbol of the cross. Although pet cemeteries are identical to human cemeteries in terms of certain code elements (including headstone inscriptions, photographs, and figural sculptures), such cemeteries are less complex and relate chiefly to the sphere of profanum, represented by symbols of the widespread myth of the Rainbow Bridge. However, the common denominator of both macro-signs are the linguistic and non-linguistic actions that are inspired by the feelings of sadness, love, and gratitude.Obserwowane współcześnie zjawisko powstawania oficjalnych grzebowisk dla zwierząt opiera się w określonych aspektach na analogiach do cmentarzy, traktowanych nie tylko jako miejsce pochówku ludzi, lecz także jako złożony symbol pamięci o nich. Oba typy miejsc należy traktować jako makroznaki reprezentowane przez kod werbalny i niewerbalny. Cmentarze dla ludzi charakteryzuje większa złożoność i różnorodność symboliki, opartej na wielowiekowej tradycji zarówno w ujęciu kulturowym, jak i religijnym. Działania językowe i pozajęzykowe, dokonywane w szeroko rozumianej ramie sytuacyjnej, są ściśle związane ze sferą sacrum, reprezentowaną przez symbol krzyża. W wypadku cmentarzy dla zwierząt, mimo że charakteryzują je tożsame elementy kodów (np. inskrypcje nagrobne, fotografie, rzeźby figuralne), to jednak ich realizacja przybiera mniej złożoną formę i opiera się głównie na sferze profanum reprezentowanej przez symbole związane ze współcześnie rozpowszechnionym mitem o tęczowym moście. Cechą wspólną dla obu makroznaków są działania językowe i pozajęzykowe motywowane przez uczucia tęsknoty, miłości i wdzięczności

Deep brain stimulation failure due to external cardioversion in a patient with Parkinson's disease

We report a case of deep brain stimulation (DBS) hardware failure due to emergently performed subcutaneous coronary angioplasties complicated by cardioversion for rapid worsening of angina pectoris and some trouble shooting problems emerged after invasive cardiovascular procedures. The patient with prior implantation of permanent pacemaker due to vasovagal syndrome underwent successful left-sided unilateral electrode implantation into the subthalamic nucleus. During 21 months follow-up period the patient experienced 2 times episodes of aggravation of unstable angina pectoris 15 and 21 months respectively, which necessities emergent coronary angioplasties. After the first emergently performed coronary angioplasty with cardioversion the interrogation of DBS system revealed the depletion of an internal pulse generator (IPG). The secondly performed coronary angioplasty complicated by ventricular tachyarrhythmia with DBS system switched on during emergent cardioversion resulted in partial dysfunction of DBS electrode. Patients harboring cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and DBS systems require special attention and good cooperation of neurosurgeons, interventional cardiologist, and neurologist. Some emergently performed invasive cardiovascular procedures which necessities cardioversion may cause DBS hardware failure with subsequent worsening of movement disorder symptoms